Boost Python学习笔记(二)

你将学到什么

  • 如何在Python中调用C++代码
  • 如何在C++中调用Python代码

在Python中调用C++代码

首先定义一个动物类(include/animal.h)

#pragma once

#include <string>

class Animal
{
public:
  Animal(std::string name);
  virtual ~Animal();

  virtual void call();
  virtual void move();
  void eat(std::string food);

protected:
  std::string name_;
};

其实现代码如下(src/animal.cpp)

#include <iostream>
#include "animal.h"

Animal::Animal(std::string name):name_(name)
{
}

Animal::~Animal()
{
}

void Animal::call()
{
  std::cout << name_ << ": call" << std::endl;
}

void Animal::move()
{
  std::cout << name_ << ": moving" << std::endl;
}

void Animal::eat(std::string food)
{
  std::cout << name_ << ": eat " << food << std::endl;
}

接着编写其导出代码(include/boost_wrapper.h)

#pragma once

#include <boost/python/wrapper.hpp>
#include "animal.h"

class AnimalWrap: public Animal, public boost::python::wrapper<Animal>
{
public:
  AnimalWrap(std::string name);
  virtual ~AnimalWrap();

  void call();
  void move();
};

其导出实现如下(src/boost_wrapper.cpp)

#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include "boost_wrapper.h"

using namespace boost::python;
using namespace boost::python::detail;

AnimalWrap::AnimalWrap(std::string name):Animal(name)
{
}

AnimalWrap::~AnimalWrap()
{
}

void AnimalWrap::call()
{
  if (override func = this->get_override("call"))
    func();
  Animal::call();
}

void AnimalWrap::move()
{
  if (override func = this->get_override("move"))
    func();
  Animal::move();
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(boost)
{
    class_<AnimalWrap, boost::noncopyable>("Animal", init<std::string>())
        .def("call", &Animal::call)
        .def("move", &Animal::move)
        .def("eat", &Animal::eat);
}

最后编写CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(boost)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS  "-Wall -g")

### 此处的动态库名必须和BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE()中定义的保持一致,即最后生成的库必须名为boost.so
file(GLOB SRC "src/*.cpp")
add_library(boost SHARED ${SRC})
set_target_properties(boost PROPERTIES PREFIX "")

#dependencies
INCLUDE(FindPkgConfig)
pkg_check_modules(PYTHON REQUIRED python)
include_directories(include /usr/local/include ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(/usr/local/lib ${PYTHON_LIBRARY_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(boost boost_python)

项目最终目录结构

# tree .
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│   ├── animal.h
│   └── boost_wrapper.h
└── src
    ├── animal.cpp
    └── boost_wrapper.cpp

3 directories, 5 files

编译

# cd build
# cmake ..
# make

编写测试文件(build/zoo.py)

import boost

def show():
    wolf = boost.Animal("wolf")
    wolf.eat("beef")
    goat = boost.Animal("gota")
    goat.eat("grass")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    show()

执行测试

# cd build
# python zoo.py
wolf: eat beef
gota: eat grass

在C++中调用Python代码

在上个项目的根目录添加源文件(main.cpp)

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/python.hpp>

using namespace boost::python;

int main()
{
  Py_Initialize();
  if (!Py_IsInitialized())
  {
    std::cout << "Initialize failed" << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  try
  {
    object sys_module = import("sys");
    str module_directory(".");
    sys_module.attr("path").attr("insert")(1, module_directory);
    object module = import("zoo");
    module.attr("show")();
  }
  catch (const error_already_set&)
  {
    PyErr_Print();
  }
  Py_Finalize();
  return 0;
}

修改CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(boost)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS  "-Wall -g")

### 此处的动态库名必须和BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE()中定义的保持一致,即最后生成的库必须名为boost.so
file(GLOB SRC "src/*.cpp")
add_library(boost SHARED ${SRC})
set_target_properties(boost PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
add_executable(core main.cpp)

#dependencies
INCLUDE(FindPkgConfig)
pkg_check_modules(PYTHON REQUIRED python)
include_directories(include /usr/local/include ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(/usr/local/lib ${PYTHON_LIBRARY_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(boost boost_python)
target_link_libraries(core boost ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})

编译并执行测试

# cd build
# cmake ..
# make
# ./core
wolf: eat beef
gota: eat grass

总结

考虑这样一个需求,我们要展示一个动物园中的动物,但是动物的种类和个数都不固定,这就导致我们动物园的show方法需要经常变动,有什么办法可以避免程序的反复编译呢?一种方式就是使用配置文件,将需要展示的动物写入配置文件,然后动物园的show方法通过解析配置文件来生成需要展示的内容;另一种方式就是通过Python脚本来实现,因为Python脚本不需要编译,相比于配置文件的方式,Python脚本的方式不需要设计配置文件格式,也不需要实现复杂的解析逻辑,使用起来更加灵活。

在上面的例子中,我们使用Python脚本实现了原本应该在main.cpp中实现的show方法,然后在main.cpp中调用它,后面如果有改动我们直接修改Python脚本即可,无需重编程序。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/silvermagic/p/9087500.html