树莓派/Debian 配置 OMV 搭建 NAS（一）

前言

前文已经讲了树莓派/Debian 挂载硬盘，本文就此前准备来讲如何在 树莓派4b 上安装 OpenMediaVault 5 （后简称 OMV 5）。

注意：

本文只适用于树莓派4b

因为树莓派4b 是特例，到目前为止官方并没有提供可以直接安装在树莓派4b 的系统镜像，而以前发布的版本对于 4b 这个新的型号也没有提供较好的支持。

官方提供了 amd64 的镜像版本，但该镜像并不支持树莓派： openmediavault.org 。
本文预先应有：
- 树莓派 Raspberry Pi 4b
- 一台可用 PC
  
  PC 上要安装：
  
  WinSCP、SSH 工具（Putty、Win10的PowerShell等）

准备

添加 hosts

编辑 hosts 配置文件
```
sudo nano /etc/hosts
```

在最后添加数据：

# GitHub Start
192.30.253.112 github.com
192.30.253.119 gist.github.com
151.101.100.133 assets-cdn.github.com
151.101.100.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 gist.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 cloud.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 camo.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars0.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars4.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars5.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars6.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars7.githubusercontent.com
151.101.100.133 avatars8.githubusercontent.com
# GitHub End

151.101.0.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

更新国内镜像软件源

Raspberry 清华源
更新软件源
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
```
下载安装 vlc-bin
```
sudo apt-get install vlc-bin -y
```

安装 OMV 5

下载脚本并 root 权限执行

wget --no-check-certificate -O - https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/raw/master/install | sudo bash

若上面的执行失败，可尝试另一脚本：

wget -O - https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/raw/master/install | sudo bash

结果分析

执行成功最好

没有执行成功，可能性最大问题在于 网络环境问题 。

OMV 服务器在国外，而国内到目前为止还没有 OMV 的镜像或软件源。

执行大概率问题显示为：

Err:101 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf libjs-extjs6 all 6.2.0.981-2
  Could not connect to packages.openmediavault.org:80 (178.254.11.33), connection timed out [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
......
E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/o/openmediavault/openmediavault_5.3.9-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
failed to install openmediavault package.

我遇到的问题全文，可点击查看：

fail to install omv package


    Err:101 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf libjs-extjs6 all 6.2.0.981-2
    Could not connect to packages.openmediavault.org:80 (178.254.11.33), connection timed out [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Err:102 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf php-pam armhf 1.0.3-1+deb10u1
    Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Err:103 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf wsdd all 0.5-1
    Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Err:104 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf salt-common all 2019.2.3+ds-1
    Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Err:105 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf salt-minion all 2019.2.3+ds-1
    Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Err:106 http://packages.openmediavault.org/public usul/main armhf openmediavault all 5.3.9-1
    Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  Fetched 24.4 MB in 8min 0s (50.8 kB/s)
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/libj/libjs-extjs6/libjs-extjs6_6.2.0.981-2_all.deb  Could not connect to packages.openmediavault.org:80 (178.254.11.33), connection timed out [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/p/php-pam/php-pam_1.0.3-1+deb10u1_armhf.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/w/wsdd/wsdd_0.5-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/s/salt/salt-common_2019.2.3+ds-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/s/salt/salt-minion_2019.2.3+ds-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/o/openmediavault/openmediavault_5.3.9-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
  E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
  failed to install openmediavault package.

对此问题如何解决，请看下一点。

解决 failed to install

主要问题

主要问题在于：

由于网络问题，这里有几个安装包没有下载成功：

软件包	链接
libjs-extjs6	http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/libj/libjs-extjs6/libjs-extjs6_6.2.0.981-2_all.deb
php-pam	http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/p/php-pam/php-pam_1.0.3-1+deb10u1_armhf.deb
wsdd	http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/w/wsdd/wsdd_0.5-1_all.deb
salt-common	http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/s/salt/salt-common_2019.2.3+ds-1_all.deb
openmediavault	http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/o/openmediavault/openmediavault_5.3.9-1_all.deb

具体如下：

Server.java


E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/libj/libjs-extjs6/libjs-extjs6_6.2.0.981-2_all.deb  Could not connect to packages.openmediavault.org:80 (178.254.11.33), connection timed out [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/p/php-pam/php-pam_1.0.3-1+deb10u1_armhf.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/w/wsdd/wsdd_0.5-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/s/salt/salt-common_2019.2.3+ds-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/o/openmediavault/openmediavault_5.3.9-1_all.deb  Unable to connect to packages.openmediavault.org:http: [IP: 178.254.11.33 80]

下载软件包

复制这些链接到浏览器，回车下载。

如果由于响应超时等网络问题，宿主机也无法下载，可以通过上外网或下载我的安装包版本：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1NCXRc97LE6DMgT73XCnjwA
提取码：xj8y

下载完成后，通过 WinSCP 等软件传到树莓派的 /home/<用户名> 中去。

安装软件包

进入你上传文件的文件目录
```
cd /home/<用户名>
```

使用 dpkg -i 命令安装 libjs-extjs6

sudo dpkg -i libjs-extjs6_6.2.0.981-2_all.deb

如果出现以下错误：

dpkg: 依赖关系问题使得 libjs-extjs6 的配置工作不能继续：
 libjs-extjs6m 依赖于 libjs-extjs6-xxxxxx；然而：
  未安装软件包 libjs-extjs6-xxxxxx。

dpkg: 处理软件包 libjs-extjs6 (--install)时出错：
 依赖关系问题 - 仍未被配置
在处理时有错误发生：
 libjs-extjs6

请尝试以下方法

1.请重试命令

2.使用 apt install 命令下载清华源中的软件包

sudo apt install libjs-extjs6

再执行 dpkg -i 命令覆盖安装

sudo dpkg -i libjs-extjs6_6.2.0.981-2_all.deb

如果该过程中提示错误：

E: 有未能满足的依赖关系。请尝试不指明软件包的名字来运行“apt --fix-broken install”(也可以指定一个解决办法)。

按照提示输入指令，下载依赖：

apt --fix-broken install

然后按照以下顺序安装软件包，过程同上，问题解决同上：

“libjs-extjs6 -> php-pam -> wsdd -> salt-common -> openmediavault”

安装 openmediavault 正确的话，过程中会多次出现下图类似信息：

安装 OMV 成功后会提示：

Processing triggers for systemd (241-7~deb10u3+rpi1) ...Enable and start systemd-resolved ...
Configure eth0 to use networkd ...
Enable networkd ...
It is recommended to reboot and then setup the network adapter in the openmediavault web interface.