This paper describes the
1. computer's internal storage structure is kind of how
2. GEM5 and NVMain completed research strategy
3. implement specific code
PubMed consequently do not know who the
person is suitable want to know the internal structure of the computer /
want to do some research, but unfortunately there were no teaching memory resource persons /
author is also a novice, it is not the right place also requested the exhibitions
Reference blog and papers
: 10005641 (2014) 05-0133-08
for hybrid simulator Memory Architecture
Preliminaries
Understand the meaning of the following terms
The Read Only Memory ROM
ROM is mainly used for storing computer program start. Compared with RAM, ROM data can only be read but not write, if you want to change, you need ultraviolet light to erase. Further down the loss of data in RAM, and ROM will not.
In the computer boot time, CPU powered up and ready to start the program. At this time, since the power is off. No program and data RAM, ROM can thus play a role.
The BIOS (Basic the Input the Output
the System, Basic Input Output System) program is actually cured to a ROM chip on the motherboard. It is a set of basic input output system matching program with the motherboard, it is possible to identify a variety of hardware, the system can also direct, indicating how these programs accessed by a computer hard disk, the operating system loads and displays the startup information.
This passage is typical of Coban textbooks, a few decades ago these words right, but you think about ROM can not be changed, then I want to change the ROM program how to do? In fact there are now stored in the ROM BIOS boot program (that is, let the system run the BIOS program)
Random access memory (RAM) Random Access Memory
RAM memory is what we often say. The contents of RAM can be accessed at any time schedule address, RAM is mainly characterized by fast data access speed, power-down data loss.
Accordance with the principle of the memory cell, a static random access memory is divided into random access memory (English: Static RAM, SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (English the Dynamic
the RAM, a DRAM).
Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
Guess which is filled with computer?
New non-volatile memory (NVM)
When the current is switched off the means, the stored data is not lost memory. Non-volatile memory, the data in the memory according to whether the ready rewritten using the computer as a standard, the product can be divided into two categories, i.e., ROM, and Flash Memory.
Non-volatile memory, byte access, high storage density, low power consumption, performance close to a DRAM read and write, read and write speed but asymmetrical, the write speed to read far, limited life, there is no data tracking.
Phase change memory (PCM)
A phase change memory, referred to as the PCM, phase change memory when the difference is the use of special materials conductive transfer between the crystalline and amorphous states demonstrated to store data. Phase change memory uses a chalcogenide typically An information storage means for storing data in a crystalline state and an amorphous conductive great difference be.
Flash (FLASH MEMORY)
these two are
Cache memory (Cache)
Located between the CPU and memory speed memory, a high operating frequency, the operating frequency of the CPU is usually the same. Cache increased capacity can be reduced under the same conditions of waiting time of the CPU. Often you need to repeat the CPU reads the same data block and the buffer capacity is increased, the internal CPU can greatly enhance the hit rate of read data, then the memory without looking, thus improving efficiency.
Since the CPU chip area and cost factors, Cache is very small. The current CPU Cache generally divided into three: L1 Cache (cache) L2 of
Cache (secondary cache) L3
Cache (three-level cache), cache level is not better, the higher the hit ratio is the better. And after the actual secondary cache, increase the cache hit rate increase brought the number of stages less and less.
Cache memory is a high-speed temporary small capacity, integrated in the CPU, memory or CPU with an instruction to access data. In the computer, a fast CPU and memory speed is relatively slow, in order to solve a conflict, Cache placed between the CPU and memory, to reduce the wait between speed asymmetric . Cache is stored in the CPU chip SRAM
Clear computer architecture
This picture just to let you know their operating principle, in fact, the internal structure more complex than this
The following is a study now how the way
