1. GUN：
GUN is a gun's not unix abbreviation
gnu project, also known as the leather slave program, by richard stallman publicly launched in September 27, 1983 of. Its goal is to create a completely free operating system. richard stallman was first published the message on net.unix-wizards newsgroup, and comes with an explanation "gnu Declaration" and why the article initiate the program, one of the reasons is to "revive the spirit of unity and cooperation and mutual assistance that year software industry . "
gnu is "gnu's not unix" acronym. stallman announced gnu should be pronounced guh-noo, the canoe pronounced the same, in order to avoid gnu (wildebeest in Africa, with new same pronunciation) word confusion. unix is the name of a commercial operating system, widely used. Since gnu will implement the interface standard unix system, so gnu project can be developed in different parts of the operating system, respectively. gnu plans to use some of the software was already freely available, such as tex typesetting x window system and Windows systems. But gnu project also developed a large number of other free software.
To ensure the gnu software is free to "use, copy, modify and distribute" all gnu software in a prohibited add additional people without any limitation of the rights granted to all the terms of the agreement of any person, gnu General Public License ( gnu general public license, gpl). This is known as "anti-copyright" (also known as copyleft) concept. And call him copyleft (with respect to proprietary software Copyright!)
1985 Nian richard stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (free software foundati hat merger cygnus soluti
to 1990, gnu program has developed software includes a powerful libraries and tools text editor emacs, c language compiler gcc, and most unix systems. the only important component is still not completed is the operating system kernel (called hurd).
1991 linus torvalds write compatible with unix linux operating system kernel and released under the gpl terms. linux after a widely circulated on the Internet, many programmers involved in the development and modification. 1992 in combination with other linux gnu software, completely free operating system was born. (Still gnu hurd plan their core is still in development, has released beta version.)
On many unix systems installed gnu software gnu software because the quality is even better than before unix software. gnu tool also widely ported to windows and mac os.
2. LPG
GPL (General Public License,) is the GNU General Public License, the GNU in order to avoid the development of free software is used by others to become proprietary software
3. GCC
GNU C Compiler(gcc)
Although the GNU project gradually open visibility, but visibility is not enough. Then Stallman wants: no matter what software, the software had to be compiled into binary (binary program) before we can execute the file, if you can write a good compiler, is not that we all need yet ? So he began to write the C language compiler, it is now fairly well-known GNU C compiler (gcc)! this point is very important! this is because many C language compiler version, but they are proprietary software, if he wrote the C compiler stick enough, the effect can be good, it will make much of the GNU project appeared in front of everyone!
4. Glibc
GNU C Library (glibc), C libraries may be call (GNU C library)
5. FSF
Free Software Foundation (FSF, Free Software Foundation)
