The first chapter is defined database of some of the terminology and understanding

This week the main database to learn some of the concepts related to, as a job, and also to write down their understanding of these concepts may be misunderstanding of the place, thanks bigwigs treatise.

Data database database management system database system

data

Here Insert Picture Description
Only a single data type of a special value of the data instance, no additional description which refers difficult to understand exactly what content-generation, i.e., the meaning of semantic information describing the data of the data are interpreted as follows.
Here Insert Picture Description
No separate data corresponding to the environment, we can not determine what specific semantic refers to Yes.

database

Here Insert Picture Description
According to Baidu Encyclopedia Check the following:
database is a computer software system by data structures to store and manage data. The concept of the actual database includes two meanings:
(1) database is an entity that is capable of reasonable care "warehouse" data users to store transaction data to be managed in the "warehouse", the "data" and "Library" two The concept combined into one database.
(2) the new database data management methods and techniques, it is more suitable tissue data, easier maintenance data, control data tighter and more efficient use of data.
As the name appreciated personal database, structured data is stored, may be required to use a data storage "warehouse", this can "warehouse" as the case may require in CRUD operations.

Database Management Systems

Here Insert Picture Description
DBMS (Database Management System) is a large-scale software for manipulating and managing a database, used to create, use and maintenance of the database, referred to as DBMS. It unified database management and control, in order to ensure the security and integrity of the database. Users, database administrators perform database maintenance by DBMS DBMS data by accessing the database.
                                                                                                                                                     ---- taken from Baidu Encyclopedia
Excerpt from Baidu Encyclopedia
through classroom lectures and other relevant terms, personal understanding of database management system database and operating system in the upper, the database administrator controls the operation of the database in which data and tools, applications used by the user but also through the database management system to enable access to data.
Database management system has the following features:

1. 数据定义功能
2. 数据组织存储和管理
3. 数据操纵功能
4. 数据库的事务管理和运行管理
5. 数据库的建立和维护功能
6. 其他功能如下
Here Insert Picture Description

数据库系统

Here Insert Picture Description数据库系统DBS(Data Base System,简称DBS)通常由软件、数据库和数据管理员组成。其软件主要包括操作系统、各种宿主语言、实用程序以及数据库管理系统。数据库由数据库管理系统统一管理,数据的插入、修改和检索均要通过数据库管理系统进行。数据管理员负责创建、监控和维护整个数据库,使数据能被任何有权使用的人有效使用。
数据库系统有别于数据库这一概念,是数据库及数据库管理和软件这个集合的总称。


定义并解释概念模型中的下列术语

实体 实体型 实体集 实体之间的联系

首先先补充概念模型的概念如下:概念模型,也称信息模型,是按用户的观点来对数据和信息建模,用于数据库设计。

实体

客观存在可相互区别的事物称作实体。
我对此的理解实体就是在概念模型中的定义就是人对现实世界一切的认知,可以是人,事物或者抽象的概念。

实体型

用实体名及其属性名集合来抽象和刻画同类实体称为实体型。
例如 学生(姓名,学号,系别)
个人理解,既然人对世界中的认知可以定义为一个个实体,那么我们在区分实体为不同的类时,把分类的根据(即相关的属性的的集合)和实体名组成的这一新的集合概念,就称作实体型。

实体集

同一类型的实体的集合称为实体集。
对此理解就如其定义的字面含义,我们能把实体分成不同类,那么同一类实体的集合就称作实体集。

实体之间的联系

现实世界中事物以及事物之间的联系在信息世界中反映为实体内部的联系和实体之间的联系。
实体之间的联系也如其名,不过和语言词汇中的“联系”相比,实体之间的联系还包括一个实体内部的联系,而不单单是实体与实体之间的联系。


模式,外模式,内模式,数据定义语言,数据操纵语言

试述数据库系统的三级模式结构,并说明这种结构的优点是什么
首先补充与模式相关的名词型和值的定义。
Here Insert Picture DescriptionHere Insert Picture DescriptionHere Insert Picture Description模式是数据库逻辑结构和特征和特征的抽象描述,是对型的描述,不涉及具体值。Here Insert Picture Description
模式描述数据库中全体数据的逻辑结构和特征,是用户的所有的数据的总览。

Here Insert Picture DescriptionHere Insert Picture DescriptionHere Insert Picture Description
外模式本人的对此理解为模式中按应用和用户不同采取的措施,通过不同的外模式,可以对应上某一应用程序和相关的用户,通过这样可以进行数据库中信息的分块,使用户在使用应用程序时只能看见访问该程序涉及到的数据,即对应到与该应用程序相关的外模式中。
Here Insert Picture Description

数据定义语言

数据定义语言 (Data Definition Language, DDL) 是SQL语言集中负责数据结构定义与数据库对象定义的语言。

数据操纵语言

数据操纵语言DML(Data Manipulation Language),用户通过它可以实现对数据库的基本操作。

模式是数据库的所有数据的总览,而内模式就指数据的物理结构和存储方式,所以内模式就应该介于模式和数据库之间,综上所述数据库的三级模式就是数据库上层为内模式,然后是模式,模式的上层对应不同的外模式,每一个外模式又对应特定的应用程序按数据需要面向不同的用户。这样的结构使综合在一起的全部数据可以按照不同的用户进行分块,分成不同的访问权限和内容,能够增强数据库的安全性。


什么叫做数据和程序的物理独立性?什么叫做数据与程序的逻辑独立性?为什么数据库系统具有数据与程序的独立性?

物理独立性

Refers to the user's application and the physical storage of the data in the database are independent of each other.
In this regard it understood as how data is stored, which is stored in the user does not need to know, transforming physical storage location does not affect use.

Logical independence

Refers to the user's application and logical structure of the database are independent of each other.
This is understood, when the user use the program, regardless of the logical structure of the data is kind of how, even if the logical structure change will not affect the user.

Physical and logical independence independence allows users to use the program is equivalent to the face of a black box, as long as the operative like, but the purpose of the operation to achieve the desired functionality, the black box inside information specifically how to arrange, how to store run, do not require the user to consider.

Because of databases, applications, access to data is to be carried out by the DBMS, you can not directly manipulate the data itself. And DBMS mechanism provides two images: an outer mode / image mode and a mode / the mode map. This mechanism ensures that the image layers logic independence and physical independence of data in the system database.
                                                                                                                                                     ---- taken from Baidu Encyclopedia

Released two original articles · won praise 3 · Views 1213

Guess you like

Origin blog.csdn.net/weixin_45180685/article/details/104490904