Windows10 + Ubuntu installed Letters

This article applies to UEFI boot the computer starts, BIOS, please refer to guide most of the online tutorial. (End of term explanation see text)
the text used in the picture, the statement invasion deleted.
White installed for individual recording, multi improper, would not join the discernment spray would be finished.
U disk installation:
a divided disk areas:

1. Right "My Computer" and select Manage;
2. Open Disk Manager, select the partition you want to separate the storage space;
3. Right this area, select the "compressed volume", enter the size you want to separate, and has since been determined to;
4. The final state is a black partition denoted as unallocated.
   Second, the production system disk, download the instructions to tool PE, omitted; finished after shutdown, U disk holding access;
   Third, the startup mode ①:
   1. Turn on the computer, press the start key F1 (different models different computer keys) to enter the BIOS;
   2. Secure the boot to the Disable;
   3. enter the boot menu, the "-" "+" (or F5, F6) key, the first USB FDD adjusted. (The purpose is to start from the U disk when the computer starts. Case of default from the hard disk)
   4. Save your changes and exit after adjustment is complete.
   Fourth, ready to install the system:
   waiting to enter the system installation interface to 1. After completion of the set;
   2. enter the installation interface, select install ubuntu, press Enter;
   3. Wait personal preference by selecting different language after loading is complete, and click Install;
   4. place the Ubuntu system on the disk has been partitioned area, preferably not in the same area with legacy systems;
   5. with regard to the most important partition settings: Because there enough computer memory, swap partitions under Linux non-essential.
   Partitioning step:
   A primary partition divided "/ efi", 500M can; // will hereinafter be explained reasons for doing so.
   B primary partition divided "/ home", the file system used to store, 40G to size;.
   C division. primary partition "/" (root area), and the remaining part to the full size of the root partition;
   . D boot program will be installed on the entire hard drive, preferably not the same as with the original system disk.
   Partitioning Setup is completed.
   For other linux partition, the system will be automatically stored in the root directory, only a single partition effect a divided position of a specialized storage portion of the data.
   6. all the way to determine the installation was successful.
   System installation is complete.
   For the installation of the wrong solution:
   Since the first installation using divide "/ boot" way, and boot files on the boot in, making it impossible to enter the Linux system. Referring to the majority of online tutorials (tutorials older for PC bios boot), using EasyBCD, remained inaccessible. Disappointed boot Windows accidentally deleted files, damaged files resulting in mbr, can not enter the system. Collecting numerous tutorials and finally with three sections of the code to save the computer, offer articles:

A, ※ relatively simple solution, corresponding to the case should be relatively light

1. win10 https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/software-download/windows10?OCID=WIP_r_Win10_Body_AddPC official website download system, making U ISO boot disk or optical disk according to the above process

2. Post press DELETE (MSI) to enter boot interface, will launch the first entry into a USB

3. Restart, click on the bottom left of the "Repair your computer", select "Troubleshooting" and find "Startup Repair", for part of the problem, this can be resolved

Two, ※※ more serious cases, bcd boot file is damaged, but can be repaired

1. By the method of making a boot disk, modify the startup items

2. Also click on the "Repair your computer", select "Troubleshooting" and find "command prompt" (press shift + f10 seems to be)

3. Input:

c：

CD boot

attrib bcd -s -h -r

ren c:\boot\bcd bcd.old

bootrec / rebuildbcd

The specific method can refer https://blog.csdn.net/linhuincu/article/details/78482602 method
three, ※※※ if you do not solve the problem, indicating that more serious damage bcd boot files

Refer to the operation Internet development center in Xiamen Miao Technology http://m.blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_165870b9f0102wteu.html#page=1 Great God, because no shots, some of which use map, please inform the infringement

1. Also make a boot disk, modify the startup item, enter "command prompt"

2. Input bcdedit / enum command to view the boot record where
   

If this is not the image above appears, while there is "Windows Boot Manager" and "Window boot loader", indicating your bcd file still exists a problem

If the figure above situation, return to the "Advanced Options", there will be options "to continue loading win10 system" Congratulations, bcd files have been fixed

3. Next, we continue to how to solve the problem

Use bootrec command to repair bcd file

Enter commands directly bootrec you can see the command prompt

These include

bootrec / ScanOs

bootrec / fixmbr

bootrec / Fixboot

bootrec / rebuildbcd

Four commands, in the order of input, with reference to FIG.

Bcd final check whether documents have been repaired in the input bcdedit / enum command

Four, ※※※※ I encountered, bcd boot file corruption is very serious

There will be an "access denied" when entering bootrec / fixboot command

At this time, the input bootsect / nt60 sys / mbr command, and then enter bootrec / fixboot command to "Operation completed successfully" prompt

At this time, do not continue to enter bootrec / rebuildbcd command, there would again appear the situation "access denied" when entering bootrec / fixboot command, bcd file is still not repaired

Bcdboot series should be used to modify the file command to bcd

Enter bcdboot command to see the command prompt

Enter bcdboot c: \ windows / sc: you can re-create the file bcd

Then enter bcdboot c: \ windows / v understand bcd details

Finally, enter bcdedit / enum found bcd files have been repaired

And the difference between the role bootrec, bootsect and three command may reference bcdboot

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五、※※※※※如果这些方法仍然不适用，请考虑重装系统，或者进一步深入探索，本文方法仅供参考
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「王时健」的原创文章
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42252980/article/details/80862638
事后复盘
计算机启动步骤：
对于旧电脑：
采用bios+mbr模式（BIOS是英文"Basic Input Output System"的缩略词，直译过来后中文名称就是"基本输入输出系统"，mbr为较旧的磁盘分区类型）
一、 第一阶段：BIOS
1.1 硬件自检
1.2 启动顺序
硬件自检完成后，BIOS把控制权转交给下一阶段的启动程序。
二、第二阶段：主引导记录。
三、第三阶段：硬盘启动。
这时，计算机的控制权就要转交给硬盘的某个分区了。
第四阶段：操作系统
控制权转交给操作系统后，操作系统的内核首先被载入内存。
目前的大多数电脑：
采用UEFI+GPT模式（新型UEFI，全称“统一的可扩展固件接口”(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)， 是一种详细描述类型接口的标准。这种接口用于操作系统自动从预启动的操作环境，加载到一种操作系统上。gpt为新磁盘分区类型）

基本步骤基本一致，但是对比采用传统BIOS引导启动方式，UEFI减少了BIOS自检的步骤，节省了时间，从而加快平台的启动。
GPT和MBR的主要区别：
1、GPT能使用大于2.2T的硬盘，MBR不行。支持最大卷为18 EB（1EB=1048576TB）。
2、GPT可以支持无限个分区，微软目前的限定是128个。Linux、ubuntu、macos都能支持这种分区格式。MBR最多4个主分区，超过4个再分区只能通过逻辑分区。
3、GPT分区磁盘有备份分区表来提高分区数据结构的完整性。
4、UEFI + GPT 开机启动更快，开机时跳过外设检测，并且可以实现启动时原生分辨率，搭载固态硬盘开机时间很短，十秒左右。（没有开机硬件自检会稍微快了那么1、2秒）
5、UEFI + GPT 支持Secure Boot。通过保护预启动或预引导进程，抵御bootkit攻击，从而提高安全性。所有在开机时比Windows内核更早加载，实现内核劫持的技术，都可以称之为Bootkit。
6、UEFI BIOS 可用鼠标操作图形界面，不再是枯燥的蓝底白字的英文。（Intel提出，用于取代BIOS）。UEFI的优越特性：可操作性、安全性、兼容性、可扩展性。
BIOS+MBR的系统引导文件可以和系统文件在同一分区的根目录，也可以不与系统文件同一分区，只要系统引导文件所在分区为活动的主分区即可启动操作系统；而UEFI+GPT只能把系统引导文件放置在ESP分区，且操作系统必须在另外的主分区，也就是说，UEFI+GPT强制要求系统启动文件与系统文件必须分离，不在同一分区。
BIOS+MBR一旦系统安装好之后，如果系统引导文件在单独的分区，此分区可以在操作系统中可见，也可以设置此分区为隐藏，系统都可以正常启动；而UEFI+GPT系统引导文件所在的ESP分区在操作系统中为不可见，进入系统后自动隐藏。