Linux network settings (a)

knowledge structure:

  • View network settings

  • Testing Network Connectivity

  • Use network configuration commands

  • Modify the network configuration file

(A) to view the network settings

1, view network interface information ifconfig

View all active network interfaces

  • Ifconfig command is executed

image.png

Check specify the network interface information

ifconfig network interface number

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

2, view the host name hostname

hostname command

View or set the current host name (temporary modification)

hostname or systemctl set-hostname zhangsan

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

3, check the routing table entry route

route command

  • View or set the host routing table information

route [-n] or direct route

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4, check the network connectivity netstat

netstat command

View the status of the network connection system, routing tables, interface statistics and other information

netstat [options]

Common options

  • -a: List all

  • -n: Digital Representation

  • -p: Agreement

  • -t: lists tcp connection protocol

  • -u: list udp protocol connection

  • -r: lists the routing table information

netstat -ntap View the tcp protocol interface information

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

netstat -nuap View udp protocol information

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828151621.png

netstat -r to see the routing table information like route

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(Ii) test the network connection

ping command

Testing Network Connectivity

ping [options] target host

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

Tracking data packets traceroute

traceroute command

Test network node passes between the host and the destination from the current

traceroute destination host address

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828152708.png

DNS nslookup

nslookup command

Test DNS name resolution

nslookup target host address [DNS Server Address]

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

(C) setting network parameters manner

Temporary Configuration - to adjust the network parameters using the command

  • Simple, fast, can directly modify the operation of the network parameters

  • Generally only suitable for use in the process of debugging the network

  • After a system reboot, your changes will fail

Fixed - to modify the network configuration file parameters

  • Modify the configuration file of the network parameters

  • Suitable for use when fixed parameter settings server

  • Network services need to reload or restart to take effect later

1, a network interface parameters ifconfig

Setting the network interface IP address, subnet mask (temporary settings)

ifconfig 接口号 ip地址 [netmask 子网掩码]
ifconfig 网络接口 ip地址[/掩码长度]

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

禁用或者重新激活网卡

ifconfig 网路接口 up
ifconfig 网络接口 down

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828142814.png

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828152708.png

设置虚拟网络接口(不同ip公用一个网卡)

ifconfig 接口号:序号 IP地址

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

2,设置路由记录route

添加到指定网段的路由记录

route add -net 网段地址 gw IP地址

删除到指定网段的路由记录

route del -net 网段地址

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

删除路由表中的默认网关记录

route del default gw IP地址

向路由表中添加默认网关记录

route add default gw IP地址

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

(四)修改网络配置文件(固定设置)

网络接口配置文件

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录下

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

启用,禁用网络接口配置

systemctl restart network

禁用,启用网络接口

ifdown ens33
ifup ens33

域名解析配置文件

/etc/resolv.conf文件

  • 保存本机需要使用的DNS服务器的IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf  配置域名解析文件

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828194602.png

主机名称配置文件

/etc/sysconfig/network文件

  • 保存全局网络设置,只要包括主机名信息

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network 配置主机名文件

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828194602.png

本地主机映射文件

/etc/hosts文件

  • 保存主机名与IP地址的映射记录

hosts文件和DNS服务器的比较

  • 默认情况下,系统首先从hosts文件查找解析记录

  • hosts文件只对当前的主机有效

  • hosts文件可减少DNS查询过程,从而加快访问速度

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts  配置当前主机的DNS解析

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828194602.png


实验一

双网卡的配置(代理服务器功能,路由器,不同网卡配置不同的网段)

实验环境:

在虚拟机上配置两个网卡,并且将连接方式更改为仅主机相连,如何配置另一个网卡的信息


1,安装好两个网卡之后进主机相连之后用ifconfig查看两个网卡信息

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828152708.png

2,先配置ens33的网卡信息,然后重启网卡即可生效

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart  重启你的网卡服务,查看ens33网卡信息生效

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

3,因为/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/下没有另一个网卡ens36的配置文件,所以要复制一份配置文件,然后修改配置信息

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36  复制当前目录下的ens33配置文件到当前目录下为ens36

Screenshot micro-channel _20190828160134.png

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[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens36  配置ens36网卡信息

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart  重启你的网卡服务,查看ens36网卡信息生效

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双网卡配置不同网段就成功了


实验二

用SCP远程复制文件将一台主机的hosts文件复制到另一台主机hosts中使用DNS解析

环境:一台主机主机A(192.168.109.133)另一台主机B(192.168.109.132)


1,把本地文件同步到其他服务器

scp 本地同步文件路径  用户@ip:远程服务器文件路径

[Root @ localhost ~] # scp / etc / hosts [email protected]: / etc / hosts on the local synchronization to other servers

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2, the other to a local server file synchronization

scp user @ip: synchronous remote server file path of the local file path

[Root @ localhost ~] # scp [email protected]: / etc / hosts / etc / hosts file to the other server synchronized to the local

微信截图_20190828201053.png


thanks for reading! ! !

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Origin blog.51cto.com/14080162/2433432