Linux distributions
1. Linux itself
1.1. In 1991, when a computer science student from Helsinki LinusTorvalds created an operating system kernel
1992 1.1.1. A year later, the first Linux distribution born
1.2. Initially, Linus called "Freax" (from "free" and "x" began, indicating that it belongs to the family of UNIX), but later it was changed to "Linux".
1.3. The first version is a kernel
1.3.1. In order to have a working system, you also need a shell, compilers, libraries, etc.
- These all come from other GNU software.
- Most Linux users are developers and open source enthusiasts, they are to create something new every day using Linux
- Debian Linux has only recommended for experienced programmers work
- If you are a beginner, Linux distributions Ubuntu LTS version is recommended or other stable.
- If you are running a limited hardware capabilities, try using such as Ubuntu MATE, Xubuntu or Lubuntu.
- With the introduction of Snap, install applications become more comfortable.
- Also has a user community and a thriving forum, you can find answers to any questions in them.
- ie: For Internet users value the security and the importance of it, see the Windows XP still work in government, banking and finance industry is widely used in the hearts of some scared, but still there are many reliable and safe alternative to Linux distributions the form appears.
- Ubuntu MATE's minimum memory requirement is only 512MB.
2. DebianLinux
One of the earliest Linux release 2.1
2.1.1 1993 August 16, IanMurdock first announced the news, but the first stable version was released in 1996
2.2. The purpose is to create a stable and anyone can release free download and use, rather than a collection of a user application and compile it yourself
2.3. Debian deb package using the system
2.3.1. Dpkg package manager and its front end (e.g., apt-get or synaptic to)
2.3.2. There is a huge application library, users can download and install on their own
2.4. It is the first to provide one livecd Linux distributions, which makes Linux newbie there is almost no barriers to entry
2.5. Debian is a very ambitious project, very, very important for Linux, but it's a very big release, many users do not need applications
2.6. Linux distributions for programming
2.6.1. Many Linux distributions meet the requirements of programmers, users can install all the tools needed, but Debian GNU / Linux is generally considered the best option.
2.6.2. Debian has a large number of software packages, because periodic testing, updating, and a reputation for rock-solid stability, this stability so that programmers can safely expand the development work.
2.6.3 Why Debian program:
a rock-solid platform for the development of
a large number of tools
popular .deb package management
3. Ubuntu
3.1. In order to achieve a more lightweight and user-friendly distributions, Ubuntu appeared
3.2 Ubuntu's first release --Ubuntu4.10 (Warty Warthog) -. 2004 issued by the South African Internet tycoon MarkShuttleworth.
3.2.1. In the old Zulu and Xhosa, "Ubuntu" is "human" means.
3.3. Ubuntu based on the latest Debian release, using the same deb package system, but not all Debian packages can be installed on Ubuntu.
3.3.1. The new version is released every six months, long-term version published once every two years.
3.4. Powerful PC and laptop recommended Linux distribution
3.4.1. Canonical's Ubuntu does not need any introduction in the open source world, which is based on Debian architecture, in the direction of stability and new features have been well balanced.
3.4.2. For the powerful personal computers and laptops running Ubuntu GNOME desktop flagship is perfect.
3.4.3 Overall, Ubuntu is a very powerful Linux distribution, allows you to multi-task and get work done efficiently.
3.4.4 Super PC and laptop Why Ubuntu:
Many software
broad community support forums and
user-friendly and powerful
popular Snap applications
4. Ubuntu MATE
4.1 old hardware best Linux distributions:. Ubuntu MATE
4.1.1. Is to choose the best Linux distribution in older hardware, low disk space usage and portability is the main factor.
• Although there are other, more lightweight distro such as Puppy Linux and Bodhi Linux, but Ubuntu MATE between user experience and was able to achieve the perfect balance of performance
4.1.2. Between 2018, the system will recommend Ubuntu MATE geeks to you, because this is the most important of the 17.10 version of Ubuntu MATE, it brought a lot of new features.
- Depending on your preferences, you can choose a variety of layout options, such as: Mutiny, Cupertino, Traditional, Netbook, Redmond and so on.
- For example: vulnerability analysis, wireless attacks, Web applications, development tools, stress testing, and forensics tools.
- It provides out of the box experience for the user, this means that before the completion of some real work, users do not need to spend a lot of time to install the package.
- The release of 2018's top designed for playing Steam games and store design, coupled with the GNOME desktop environment, Steam OS as the top game Welcome to solve the program was Steam box
- Flexibility, Linux developer ecosystem can always create a new, attractive releases.
- Overall, even a beginner can use it to perform daily tasks.
- Edward Snowden use Tails Linux carry out his communications and web browsing, you may want to know the reasons behind this choice
- Now, due to the increased industry demand for learning Linux and open source technology can be very important.
- This free purpose-built operating system also comes with touch support, which makes it like to explore things by hand kids an excellent choice.
- Since the 5-minute installation, free 60 useful pre-installed applications and restore process only 20 seconds, Ubermix act as a powerful release of students and teachers.
- In other words, CentOS is a community-supported RHEL
4.1.3 Why Ubuntu MATE for older machines:
Tons layout options
active user community
lightness balance - perfect performance
access Ubuntu software repositories
5. Kali Linux
5.1. The security industry's best Linux distributions
5.1.1. Kali Linux comes with hundreds of useful security tool belonging to different categories
. 5.1.2 Kali Linux is not the only security for the Linux distribution industry, there are other popular options, such as: Parrot OS, BlackArch Linux and so on.
5.2 based on Debian Testing branch, release of most packages from Debian sources.
5.3. In addition to desktop installation, Kali Linux can be installed and used on portable carry Raspberry Pi, Ordroid, Chromebook, BeagleBone and other equipment, while Kali NetHunter soon also available for Android smartphones.
5.4 Why recommend Kali Linux security personnel:
scroll mode regularly publish
a variety of tested ethical hacking tools
solid foundation of Debian
wide range of learning resources
6. LinuxMint
6.1. The purpose is to achieve a very friendly user interface, especially for beginners
6.1.1. LinuxMint Debian family is another relatively new releases.
6.1.2. LinuxMint comes with many applications and multimedia features, but in recent releases, the default multimedia / codec support has been removed.
6.1.3. Linux Mint has its own Windows operating system as the perfect replacement and has a near-perfect desktop experience
6.1.4 Why Linux Mint most suitable for beginners:
easy to use Cinnamon Desktop
large support community
experience out of the box
to access Ubuntu software repositories
6.2. It was founded in 2006 by the ClementLefebvre, with Ubuntu is based.
6.2.1. Similarly with Ubuntu, on LinuxMint, if necessary, you can install additional software Debian.
6.2.2. Linux Mint is one of the fastest-growing Linux distribution, Ubuntu it has continued challenges in terms of popularity.
6.3. One of the main differences is that it also contains proprietary software
6.3.1. Since its release developers who want to provide an easy to use, users do not need to install all of these applications themselves
7. Steam OS
7.1. Linux distribution exclusive games
7.1.1. Linux kernel with additional adjustment functions, compared to other releases, it's a better game performance.
7.1.2. Steam OS also provides extensive support for GPU, gamepads, and other hardware.
7.1.3. Created by Valve online game distribution platform Steam
7.2 Why play a game on Steam OS:
focus on the game, other tasks with limited functionality
attractive user interface
is compatible with a variety of game hardware
giant Steam game library store
8. elementary OS
8.1. Beautiful Linux distribution
8.1.1. The beautiful appearance is not a measure of operating systems standard in the true sense of ability, but whenever someone choose a new Linux distribution, the appearance will play an important role.
8.1.2. In my opinion, based on Ubuntu-derived operating system is the most beautiful Linux distribution, and can be known for unparalleled performance.
8.1.3. In many cases there is no reference under the default Ubuntu applications, elementary OS also provides a lightweight experience, Pantheon desktop environment based on GNOM E's, elementary OS operating system and Plank, Epiphany and Scratch applications such as deep integration.
8.1.4 Why choose the appearance of elementary OS:
lightweight desktop
similar macOS look
less smooth interface and applications
9. Tails
9.1 Privacy and anonymity of Linux distributions
9.1.1. Almost all computers using DVD or USB can start Tails Live operating system, the Debian-based security release will ensure that all Internet connections are through the Tor network
9.1.2. Tails also comes with a number of encryption tools that can help you encrypt e-mail, files, and instant messaging, which is important for the center to the privacy of people.
9.1.3 Why Tails anonymous:
force each connected through the Tor network
is also suitable for general use
built-in encryption package
10. Ubermix
10.1. Children proprietary Linux distribution
10.1.1. Whether to create some great Linux distribution for the kids, then take a look at these free set up and use the operating system now.
10.1.2. Ubermix system is recommended for kids geeks Linux distribution
10.1.3 Why choose their children Ubermix:
The software and data are stored in different partitions in order to ensure safe
quick installation and recovery
powerful Linux distribution dedicated children's
touch screen support
11. CentOS
11.1. Linux server distributions
11.1.1. RHEL and Ubuntu enjoy the same competitive advantage in the Linux desktop world, CentOS is RHEL way to get the benefits without spending any fee.
11.1.2. Because CentOS and RHEL and repositories in the binary software packages are proven, so you can use it as a production system or server use.
11.1.3. Why CentOS as a server:
the free version of RHEL
popular rpm and yum package management
widely supported technology industry
long-term support
12. RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
12.1. RedHat Enterprise Linux RedHat Linux is the successor, RedHat Linux is one of the oldest Linux distributions
12.1.1. The original version was released in 1995 and in 2003 was replaced by RedHat Enterprise Linux.
12.2. This is a paid release, you can guess from its name, it is aimed at business users
12.3 Using the rpm package format, so other distributions (such as Debian) software can not be run directly.
13. Fedora
13.1. Home users free alternative
13.2. RHEL contains many of the features, as well as some experimental characteristics in RHEL has not been implemented
13.3 Using the rpm package format, so other distributions (such as Debian) software can not be run directly.
14. Slackware
14.1. 1992 issued by PatrickVolkerding, it is the oldest surviving Linux distribution, until the mid-1990s it has 80% market share
14.1.1. When RedHatLinux came, the situation has changed, and today it's nowhere near the popularity of Slackware past.
14.1.2 not because it is bad - rather, it is still one of the top Linux distribution, but because Slackware is highly customizable, and not user-friendly, which affected its popularity.
14.2. If you want to know the internal structure of Linux, which is what you need to release!
. 14.2.1 Slackware pkgtools bag system use;
14.2.2 no official package repository, but also involves a lot of manual configuration - but once it's up and running it can be very helpful.
15. ArchLinux
15.1 is a rolling release, which means you only need to install once, it will always be automatically updated to the latest version.
15.2. ArchLinux design philosophy is simple.
15.2.1. Launched in 2002 by the JuddVinet, he was inspired by CRUX another minimalism release
15.2.2. Not a lot of applications packaged in the release, provide only the most basic application, the user can freely install applications they need
15.3. ArchLinux use binary package, which means you must compile it yourself before installation.
15.3.1. May sound complicated, but Pacman and AUR makes this process relatively easy.
