Case Study of "Beijing High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone—Yizhuang Practice"
In September 2020, Beijing officially announced the construction of the world's first network-connected and cloud-controlled high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone. The demonstration zone is centered on the entire Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, exploring and practicing vehicle-road-cloud integration technology routes, and carrying out "car, The construction of five major systems: road, cloud, network and map. By coordinating various resources of the vehicle-road cloud network map and conducting integration tests, the key links of network-connected cloud-controlled autonomous driving are opened up, forming a city-level engineering test platform, and accelerating the realization of high-level autonomous driving with the concept of "vehicle-road collaboration".
1. Historical evolution of the construction and development of Yizhuang high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone
(1) Construction background
From an international perspective, intelligent connected cars have become the new commanding heights of technological competition among countries. The United States has allowed self-driving taxis and unmanned logistics vehicles to operate for a fee, the European Union has introduced exemption guidelines for self-driving vehicles, and Germany has allowed self-driving companies to operate on high-speed roads. Testing, South Korea introduced a bill to support the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. From a domestic perspective, the current domestic industrial development competition mainly focuses on the innovation of management policies. Since the current management and application policy system for intelligent connected vehicles is still under construction and improvement, the large-scale application of new products and new models is not smooth. .
In order to further break down institutional and policy obstacles and effectively solve corporate development problems and pain points, the Beijing Municipal Government decided in September 2020 to build the world's first network-connected cloud-controlled high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone with the Economic Development Zone as the core. Vehicle, road, cloud, network, graphics technology, policy and industrial system, realize deep vehicle network integration and vehicle road collaboration, accelerate the safe and large-scale operation of high-level autonomous driving at L4 and above, and establish an intelligent network policy pilot area, Build a moderately advanced policy management system to provide support for the application and promotion of new products, new technologies and new models of intelligent connected vehicles, and create a policy-friendly business environment for industrial development.
(2) Development process
In September 2020, Beijing officially launched the construction of the world's first network-connected and cloud-controlled high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone.
On April 10, 2021, the municipal government officially approved the "Overall Implementation Plan for Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pilot Zone". On April 14, Capital Window officially released the municipal government’s approval of the overall implementation plan for Beijing’s Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pilot Zone (Jingzhengzi [2021] No. 14).
In June 2021, Tsinghua University Intelligent Industry Research Institute (AIR) and Baidu Apollo jointly released the world's first vehicle-road collaboration technology innovation white paper "Key Technologies and Prospects for Vehicle-Road Collaboration for Autonomous Driving" in the demonstration area, laying the foundation for the forefront of vehicle-road collaboration. Technological innovation provides solid theoretical support and provides a breakthrough for the large-scale commercialization of autonomous driving.
In August 2021, the Office of the Institutional Establishment Committee of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China officially approved the establishment of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, which is responsible for the construction promotion and overall coordination of the demonstration zone, and will work with relevant departments to study and establish an intelligent connected vehicle policy and system system and organize and implement it within the jurisdiction.
In September 2021, the "Implementation Rules for the Management of Unmanned Road Tests in Beijing's Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pioneer Zone (Trial)" was released, dividing it into three test stages: "passenger manned", "rear seat manned" and "outside the car remote". Provisions shall be made on the applicant, test vehicle, driver, etc. For the first time, unmanned road testing was carried out, combining network security testing with closed site testing; the control of the testing process was strengthened and the accident handling mechanism was improved.
On November 25, 2021, the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office announced that Beijing has officially opened the country's first commercial pilot for autonomous driving travel services, and announced supporting management policies-"Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pioneer Zone Autonomous The "Implementation Rules for the Pilot Management of Commercialization of Driving Travel Services (Trial)" were simultaneously released.
In December 2021, the 2.0 phase of the demonstration zone completed the full coverage of 301 digital smart intersections in the Yizhuang core area, built a city-level engineering test platform for autonomous vehicles, and initially established the external service capabilities of the network-linked cloud control system. Self-driving shuttle buses and rovers are in trial operation in Nanhaizi Park to create an intelligent networked park integrating technology, citizen entertainment and interactive experience.
In February 2022, the demonstration zone joined forces with Tsinghua University Intelligent Industry Research Institute (AIR), Beijing Chewang Technology Development Co., Ltd., Baidu Apollo, and Beijing Zhiyuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute to launch the world's first vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving data set DAIR-V2X Officially released, filling the gap in the field of vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving at home and abroad.
In April 2022, Beijing Automotive Network joined hands with more than 20 units including industry leading companies and scientific research institutions to establish a joint innovation laboratory for vehicle, road and cloud integration.
In September 2022, the demonstration zone successfully completed various tasks in the 2.0 phase of the demonstration zone, effectively implemented the vehicle-road-cloud integration technology route, and supported the demonstration zone in the 3.0 phase construction.
In May 2023, the China Society of Automotive Engineers and Baidu jointly took the lead in establishing the Smart Road OS Promotion Association and worked with more than 50 member units to build an open source, independent, controllable, and ecologically co-prosperous road for high-level autonomous driving and smart transportation. A new ecosystem of side operating systems.
2. Main functions and sections of Yizhuang high-level autonomous driving demonstration area
(1) The country’s first high-precision dynamic map platform for autonomous driving
The demonstration area will carry out pilot trials of high-precision dynamic maps on the basis of ensuring the security of geographical information, and build the country's first high-precision dynamic map platform.
(2) Taking the lead in opening up the autonomous driving highway test environment
The demonstration area will build a highway intelligent roadside sensing system, deploy a high-reliability, low-latency communication network, support real-time collaborative sensing and control of high-level autonomous vehicles, and realize application scenarios such as highway trunk logistics and vehicle platooning.
(3) Build a national-level public service platform for data interaction and comprehensive application of intelligent connected vehicles
The Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, and the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone jointly signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build a national-level intelligent networked vehicle data interaction and comprehensive application public service in the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone. platform.
(4) Exploring new intelligent transportation infrastructure architecture
The construction of the demonstration area adopts the principle of "opening up the bottom layer, integrating the entire network, investing in multiple parties, and using it together" to build an open platform and open up the underlying technology system, and is committed to building a reusable architecture for autonomous driving, transportation, traffic control and other systems.
3. Construction model of Yizhuang high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone
(1) Clarify the responsibilities of construction entities and strengthen organizational implementation guarantees
Establish a work leading group. The Beijing Municipal Government has established a leading group for the construction of a high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone in Beijing, led by key city leaders.
Establish a construction promotion working group. Under the leadership of the leading group, led by the Municipal Economic and Information Bureau and the Economic and Technological Development Zone, the special team has an administrative working group and a technical working group, with personnel drawn from the two urban levels and representatives from some leading enterprises to form a centralized office. , coordinating the city's resources and first conducting experiments and explorations in the Economic Development Zone.
(2) Establish an operator entity and build a market-oriented operation platform
In August 2020, the Beijing Municipal Government established Beijing Chewang Technology Development Co., Ltd. to promote the construction of a high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone. Beijing Car Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., as a market-oriented operation platform, makes every effort to ensure the orderly advancement of the construction of the demonstration area. It is mainly responsible for the overall planning, construction and operation of the demonstration area including the five major systems of the "Car-Road Cloud Network Map", and for the automatic Driving vehicles for open road testing and other management, and aggregating and operating vehicle and roadside data.
Beijing Yizhuang Digital Infrastructure Technology Development Co., Ltd. was established, dedicated to building a "tower company" for road infrastructure construction. Define a standard intersection and take the lead in the country to carry out the planning and construction of "multiple poles in one, multiple senses in one, and multiple boxes in one".
(3) There are many companies settled here, and the industrial agglomeration effect is gradually increasing.
In November 2021, Baidu and Pony.ai became the first companies allowed to carry out commercial pilot services. They will invest no more than 100 autonomous vehicles to carry out commercial pilot services within 60 square kilometers of the Economic Development Zone.
At present, in terms of the agglomeration of innovative enterprises, the demonstration zone has gathered more than 40 "vehicle-road cloud network map" industry chain companies, including Baidu, Pony.ai, Mainline Technology, Neolithic, Cloud Control Smart Travel, Guoqi Zhitu, and Liangdao Intelligence. Leading companies in key elements and more than a hundred companies in industry-related fields have jointly participated in the construction of the demonstration zone, and have cooperated with top domestic universities and scientific research institutions such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, China Automotive Industry Association, National Innovation Center, Microchip Research Institute, and Zhiyuan Research Institute. Carry out technological breakthroughs and industrial research cooperation.
(4) Explore innovative construction and operation models
The construction of the demonstration area adopts the method of "small steps, fast progress, iterative improvement", with an iteration cycle of 3-6 months, according to the 1.0 stage (test environment construction), 2.0 stage (small-scale deployment), 3.0 stage (large-scale deployment and scenarios) Expansion) and stage 4.0 (promotion and scene optimization) are being advanced step by step. After the model matures, it will be gradually replicated and promoted to other areas in Beijing.
At present, Beijing has successfully completed the tasks of Phase 1.0 and Phase 2.0 and is advancing the construction of Phase 3.0. The technical route for the integrated construction of "vehicles, roads, clouds, networks, and maps" has been fully verified, and application scenarios for the collaborative development of autonomous driving, smart transportation, and smart cities continue to enrich.
4. Achievements in the construction of Yizhuang high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone
(1)Practice the vehicle-road-cloud integration technology route and give full play to the potential of the city-level engineering test platform
On the vehicle side, intelligent networked vehicle applications will be promoted in an orderly manner. Relying on the advantages of large-scale testing capabilities and in response to the application needs of autonomous driving testing and mass production vehicle scenarios, we organized enterprises to develop three-mode OBUs, with a total of more than 700 units installed. At the road end, roadside infrastructure support will continue to be strengthened. It has achieved full coverage of 60 square kilometers of vehicle-road-cloud integrated functions and formed more than 20 functional services. At the same time, it has continued to optimize the construction of standard intersections and reduced the cost of each intersection by 46.3%. In the cloud, give full play to the central value of the cloud control platform. It has accumulated access to more than 200 data items in 6 categories, including vehicles, roadside, information control, and travel services, and provides application services such as vehicle-road-cloud integration and traffic information control optimization to industries and government departments. On the network side, we continue to consolidate the construction of communication infrastructure. Integrating multiple technologies such as 5G, CV2X and EUHT, the C-V2X network is fully deployed at 329 intelligent network intersections and the EUHT network signal continuously covers 335.6 kilometers of two-way main urban roads, supporting functions such as vehicle monitoring, remote driving, and vehicle-road collaboration. , the data transmission success rate is over 95%. On the map side, we further expanded our high-precision map service capabilities. Support the pilot construction of high-precision maps, expand to 46 map APIs, and support the provision of user light status reminders, lane-level event reminders and other functional services. On the data side, build a data security system. It has released the country's first demonstration district-level data classification and grading white paper and data security management policy to provide active safety protection for vehicles and roadside.
(2) Accelerate the standardization process of policies and regulations and create a friendly testing supervision environment
In terms of policy system, focusing on scenarios such as fully unmanned, highways, and unmanned connections, a total of 10 industry representative management policies have been introduced. In terms of promoting legislation, we organized multiple business surveys for representative companies in the region to fully understand their legislative demands. At present, the "Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Management Regulations" have been included in the 2023 Municipal People's Congress legislative work plan. In terms of standardization achievements, the "Car-Road-Cloud-Network-Image-Safety" demonstration area standard system has been established, and a total of 20 demonstration area standards have been completed. Promote the transformation of 5 group standards and the development of 6 Beijing local standards. At the same time, we will continue to build and improve the "pre-event-during-event" supervision system, and take measures to strengthen management and optimize services to provide guarantees for corporate vehicle testing and commercialization exploration. As of March this year, there were 19 testing companies in the demonstration zone, the number of vehicles connected to the network reached 578, and the cumulative autonomous driving mileage reached 14.49 million kilometers.
(3) Focus on independent innovation in key links and lead industrial ecological agglomeration
Focusing on the industry's key technology research, we use the "unveiling the list" mechanism to develop and produce localized MEC equipment to reduce equipment costs. We release and promote the world's first intelligent network-connected roadside operating system ZhiluOS open source and open source, and initially form a localized roadside system solution. plan, and jointly develop distributed computing power platforms with enterprises to gradually realize the organic integration of roadside computing power. Based on comprehensive demonstration and coordinated development of application scenarios, we promoted the unmanned and commercialization of self-driving passenger vehicles, serving more than 1.34 million people; realized a new terminal delivery model, and provided unmanned delivery services for over 1.3 million orders; created a new retail service experience, with a total of It has served more than 2.5 million times; it actively promotes the implementation of innovative applications such as education lines and airport connection scenarios, and implements small-scale scenario demonstration applications with buses, official vehicles, express vehicles, sanitation vehicles, social vehicles, etc. In terms of improving the quality and efficiency of smart transportation, 317 information-controlled intersections have been upgraded and reconstructed. The average daily service users of road information exceeds 20,000, and the average speed has increased by 12.3%. Focus on strengthening industrial service capabilities, build professional and convenient industrial innovation parks and incubators, and play the role of platform companies in the region. At present, the demonstration zone has gathered ministries and agencies such as the Equipment Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Road Traffic Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Public Security, attracting nearly a hundred innovative companies in intelligent connected vehicles.
5. The role of Yizhuang high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone on the development of Beijing’s autonomous driving industry
(1) In-depth implementation of vehicle-road-cloud integration technology route
The demonstration area vigorously promotes roadside data and cloud data to empower vehicles, builds a full-factor and multi-dimensional data service system, improves the safety redundancy capabilities of the autonomous driving system, and solves the long-tail effect of autonomous driving; establishes an industry standard system in the field of autonomous driving data, Build a complete closed-loop system for vehicle-road collaboration data application, use road-end data to provide model training and data mining services, and explore new models to reduce the cost of autonomous driving algorithm development and road testing; jointly launch the world's first space-time vehicle-road collaboration with Tsinghua University All-element autonomous driving data set supports vehicle-road collaboration algorithm training and fills industry gaps; researches autonomous driving crowd intelligence collaboration technology based on group big data, explores the deep integration of autonomous driving and smart transportation, promotes the realization of cross-domain intelligence, and assists smart digital Urban Construction.
(2) Leading autonomous driving road testing and model innovation
The Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone has established the Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pilot Zone and is the first in the country to release a number of innovative policies such as morning and evening peak testing, highway testing, unmanned testing, and pilot commercialization of travel services. A total of 225 intelligent network test license plates have been issued, including 120 passenger car test license plates, 86 unmanned delivery vehicle body codes, 4 highway test license plates, and 15 unmanned road test license plates. Demonstration zones participated The company's self-driving test mileage exceeds 3.24 million kilometers, accounting for more than 70% of the city's total.
In terms of commercialization of application scenarios, the commercialization pilot of autonomous driving travel services has been opened, with a cumulative number of services exceeding 80,000, and is widely recognized by the public. The unmanned delivery scenario has realized the actual operation of fresh food delivery and express delivery, and is gradually expanding its application scope. Scenarios such as unmanned retail, autonomous police patrols, microcirculation connections, and park rovers have also become available to citizens.
(3) A number of standard results have been released one after another, and "Yizhuang experience" promotes the standardized development of the industry
Beijing High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone A series of reports, standards, and specifications for the autonomous driving industry have been released in the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone. A total of more than 60 relevant standards have been produced, forming experience that can be replicated and promoted, and has gradually spread to the industry. universal. For the development of Beijing's autonomous driving industry, the construction of intelligent network-connected standard intersection infrastructure, functional testing methods for autonomous passenger cars and commercial vehicles, unmanned road testing, roadside equipment deployment, information security requirements, data classification and classification, etc. It has provided fruitful experience in related fields such as side intelligent infrastructure construction, edge computing units, on-board units (OBUs), cloud control platform interfaces, cameras, millimeter wave radars, and signal control machines.
Author: Guo Dongpo Senior Researcher
- references
[1] "Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pilot Zone Overall Implementation Plan"
[2] "Measures for the Management of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles in Beijing's Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Policy Pioneer Zone"
[3] "Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Construction and Development Report (2022)"
[4] "Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Construction and Development Report (2021)"
[5]http://kfqgw.beijing.gov.cn/zwgkkfq/ztzl/lqztkfq/cxal/jkq/202304/t20230412_3025685.html?eqid=b09b66fd0001d0aa000000046440ecc1
[7]http://kfqgw.beijing.gov.cn/zwgkkfq/yzxwkfq/202305/t20230517_3105524.html?eqid=cc3d3aa00000468200000006646490df