This article mainly introduces the actual combat of the Appium+Python+pytest automated testing framework. The article introduces it in detail through sample code and has certain reference value. Interested friends can refer to it.
Let me briefly introduce the directory first, and then post some code. There are comments in the code.
Some public methods are written in the Basic directory. Test data is written in the Data directory. Image stores test failure screenshots, Log log files, positioning elements for Page tests, report test reports, Test test cases, and pytest.ini is pytest startup configuration file, requirements.txt py module that needs to be installed, run.py running file
Basic/base.py
Some methods are encapsulated in it, such as element click, input, search, and some public methods you need are also encapsulated in it. If you have other needs, you can encapsulate and call them yourself.
# coding=utf-8
import random
import allure
import pymysql
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from Basic import Log
import os
log = Log.MyLog()
class Base(object):
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver = driver
# 自定义一个元素查找方法
def find_element(self, feature,timeout=5, poll=1.0):
# feature = By.XPATH,"//*[@text='显示']"
"""
依据用户传入的元素信息特征，然后返回当前用户想要查找元素
:param feature: 元组类型，包含用户希望的查找方式，及该方式对应的值
:return: 返回当前用户查找的元素
"""
by = feature[0]
value = feature[1]
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll)
if by == By.XPATH:
# print( "说明了用户想要使用 xpath 路径的方式来获取元素" )
value = self.make_xpath(value)
return wait.until(lambda x: x.find_element(by,value))
def find_elements(self, feature):
wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5, 1)
return wait.until(lambda x: x.find_elements(feature[0], feature[1]))
def click_element(self, loc):
'''
封装点击操作函数
'''
self.find_element(loc).click()
def input_text(self, loc, text):
'''
封装输入操作函数
'''
self.fm = self.find_element(loc)
self.fm.clear() # 需要先清空输入框，防止有默认内容
self.fm.send_keys(text)
# 自定义了一个可以自动帮我们拼接 xpath 路径的工具函数
def make_xpath(self, feature):
start_path = "//*["
end_path = "]"
res_path = ""
if isinstance(feature, str):
# 如果是字符串 我们不能直接上来就拆我们可以判断一下它是否是默认正确的 xpath 写法
if feature.startswith("//*["):
return feature
# 如果用户输入的是字符串，那么我们就拆成列表再次进行判断
split_list = feature.split(",")
if len(split_list) == 2:
# //*[contains(@text,'设')]
res_path = "%scontains(@%s,'%s')%s" % (start_path, split_list[0], split_list[1], end_path)
elif len(split_list) == 3:
# //[@text='设置']
res_path = "%s@%s='%s'%s" % (start_path, split_list[0], split_list[1], end_path)
else:
print("请按规则使用")
elif isinstance(feature, tuple):
for item in feature:
# 默认用户在元组当中定义的数据都是字符串
split_list2 = item.split(',')
if len(split_list2) == 2:
res_path += "contains(@%s,'%s') and " % (split_list2[0], split_list2[1])
elif len(split_list2) == 3:
res_path += "@%s='%s' and " % (split_list2[0], split_list2[1])
else:
print("请按规则使用")
andIndex = res_path.rfind(" and")
res_path = res_path[0:andIndex]
res_path = start_path + res_path + end_path
else:
print("请按规则使用")
return res_path
def assert_ele_in(self, text, element):
'''
封装断言操作函数
'''
try:
assert text in self.find_element(element).text
assert 0
except Exception:
assert 1
def get_assert_text(self, element):
ele = self.find_element(element, timeout=5, poll=0.1)
return ele.text
# 自定义一个获取 toast内容的方法
def get_toast_content(self, message):
tmp_feature = By.XPATH, "//*[contains(@text,'%s')]" % message
ele = self.find_element(tmp_feature)
return ele.text
# 自定义一个工具函数，可以接收用户传递的部分 toast 信息，然后返回一个布尔值，来告诉
# 用户，目标 toast 到底是否存在
def is_toast_exist(self, mes):
# 拿着用户传过来的 message 去判断一下包含该内容的 toast 到底是否存在。
try:
self.get_toast_content(mes)
return True
except Exception:
# 如果目标 toast 不存在那么就说明我们的实际结果和预期结果不一样
# 因此我们想要的是断言失败
return False
def get_mysql(self, table, value):
'''连接数据库'''
# 打开数据库连接
db = pymysql.connect(host='', port=, db=, user='', passwd='', charset='utf8')
# 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
try:
# 使用 execute() 方法执行 SQL 查询
cursor.execute(value)
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
db.rollback()
# 使用 fetchone() 方法获取单条数据.
data = cursor.fetchone()
# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()
return data
def get_xpath(self, value):
'''封装获取xpath方法'''
text = By.XPATH, '//*[@text="%s"]' % value
return text
# 自定义一个获取当前设备尺寸的功能
def get_device_size(self):
x = self.driver.get_window_size()["width"]
y = self.driver.get_window_size()["height"]
return x, y
# 自定义一个功能，可以实现向左滑屏操作。
def swipe_left(self):
start_x = self.get_device_size()[0] * 0.9
start_y = self.get_device_size()[1] * 0.5
end_x = self.get_device_size()[0] * 0.4
end_y = self.get_device_size()[1] * 0.5
self.driver.swipe(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y)
# 自定义一个功能，可以实现向上滑屏操作。
def swipe_up(self):
start_x = self.get_device_size()[0] * 1/2
start_y = self.get_device_size()[1] * 1/2
end_x = self.get_device_size()[0] * 1/2
end_y = self.get_device_size()[1] * 1/7
self.driver.swipe(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, 500)
# 切换到微信
def switch_weixxin(self):
self.driver.start_activity("com.tencent.mm", ".ui.LauncherUI")
# 切换到医生端
def switch_doctor(self):
self.driver.start_activity("com.rjjk_doctor", ".MainActivity")
# 切换到销售端
def switch_sale(self):
self.driver.start_activity("com.rjjk_sales", ".MainActivity")
def switch_webview(self):
# 切换到webview
print(self.driver.contexts)
time.sleep(5)
self.driver.switch_to.context("WEBVIEW_com.tencent.mm:tools")
print("切换成功")
time.sleep(3)
# 自定义根据坐标定位
def taptest(self, a, b):
# 设定系数,控件在当前手机的坐标位置除以当前手机的最大坐标就是相对的系数了
# 获取当前手机屏幕大小X,Y
X = self.driver.get_window_size()['width']
Y = self.driver.get_window_size()['height']
# 屏幕坐标乘以系数即为用户要点击位置的具体坐标
self.driver.tap([(a * X, b * Y)])
# 自定义截图函数
def take_screenShot(self):
'''
测试失败截图，并把截图展示到allure报告中
'''
tm = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(
os.getcwd() + os.sep + "image/%s.png" % tm)
allure.attach.file(os.getcwd() + os.sep + "image/%s.png" %
tm, attachment_type=allure.attachment_type.PNG)
# 自定义随机生成11位手机号
def create_phone(self):
# 第二位数字
second = [3, 4, 5, 7, 8][random.randint(0, 4)]
# 第三位数字
third = {
3: random.randint(0, 9),
4: [5, 7, 9][random.randint(0, 2)],
5: [i for i in range(10) if i != 4][random.randint(0, 8)],
7: [i for i in range(10) if i not in [4, 9]][random.randint(0, 7)],
8: random.randint(0, 9),
}[second]
# 最后八位数字
suffix = random.randint(9999999, 100000000)
# 拼接手机号
return "1{}{}{}".format(second, third, suffix)
Basic/deiver.py
prerequisites for APP startup, one is an ordinary app, and the other is a WeChat official account. Configuring automated testing for WeChat official accounts is a bit different from ordinary APPs. WeChat needs to switch webview to locate the official account.
from appium import webdriver
def init_driver():
desired_caps = {}
# 手机 系统信息
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '9'
# 设备号
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554'
# 包名
desired_caps['appPackage'] = ''
# 启动名
desired_caps['appActivity'] = ''
desired_caps['automationName'] = 'Uiautomator2'
# 允许输入中文
desired_caps['unicodeKeyboard'] = True
desired_caps['resetKeyboard'] = True
desired_caps['autoGrantPermissions'] = True
desired_caps['noReset'] = False
# 手机驱动对象
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub", desired_caps)
return driver
def driver_weixin():
desired_caps = {}
# 手机 系统信息
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '9'
# 设备号
desired_caps['deviceName'] = ''
# 包名
desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.tencent.mm'
# 启动名
desired_caps['appActivity'] = '.ui.LauncherUI'
# desired_caps['automationName'] = 'Uiautomator2'
# 允许输入中文
desired_caps['unicodeKeyboard'] = True
desired_caps['resetKeyboard'] = True
desired_caps['noReset'] = True
# desired_caps["newCommandTimeout"] = 30
# desired_caps['fullReset'] = 'false'
# desired_caps['newCommandTimeout'] = 10
# desired_caps['recreateChromeDriverSessions'] = True
desired_caps['chromeOptions'] = {'androidProcess': 'com.tencent.mm:tools'}
# 手机驱动对象
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub", desired_caps)
return driver
Basic/get_data.py
This is how to get test data
import os
import yaml
def getData(funcname, file):
PATH = os.getcwd() + os.sep
with open(PATH + 'Data/' + file + '.yaml', 'r', encoding="utf8") as f:
data = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
# 1 先将我们获取到的所有数据都存放在一个变量当中
tmpdata = data[funcname]
# 2 所以此时我们需要使用循环走进它的内心。
res_arr = list()
for value in tmpdata.values():
tmp_arr = list()
for j in value.values():
tmp_arr.append(j)
res_arr.append(tmp_arr)
return res_arr
Basic/Log.py
Log files, not much introduction
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
封装log方法
"""
import logging
import os
import time
LEVELS = {
'debug': logging.DEBUG,
'info': logging.INFO,
'warning': logging.WARNING,
'error': logging.ERROR,
'critical': logging.CRITICAL
}
logger = logging.getLogger()
level = 'default'
def create_file(filename):
path = filename[0:filename.rfind('/')]
if not os.path.isdir(path):
os.makedirs(path)
if not os.path.isfile(filename):
fd = open(filename, mode='w', encoding='utf-8')
fd.close()
else:
pass
def set_handler(levels):
if levels == 'error':
logger.addHandler(MyLog.err_handler)
logger.addHandler(MyLog.handler)
def remove_handler(levels):
if levels == 'error':
logger.removeHandler(MyLog.err_handler)
logger.removeHandler(MyLog.handler)
def get_current_time():
return time.strftime(MyLog.date, time.localtime(time.time()))
class MyLog:
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
log_file = path+'/Log/log.log'
err_file = path+'/Log/err.log'
logger.setLevel(LEVELS.get(level, logging.NOTSET))
create_file(log_file)
create_file(err_file)
date = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file, encoding='utf-8')
err_handler = logging.FileHandler(err_file, encoding='utf-8')
@staticmethod
def debug(log_meg):
set_handler('debug')
logger.debug("[DEBUG " + get_current_time() + "]" + log_meg)
remove_handler('debug')
@staticmethod
def info(log_meg):
set_handler('info')
logger.info("[INFO " + get_current_time() + "]" + log_meg)
remove_handler('info')
@staticmethod
def warning(log_meg):
set_handler('warning')
logger.warning("[WARNING " + get_current_time() + "]" + log_meg)
remove_handler('warning')
@staticmethod
def error(log_meg):
set_handler('error')
logger.error("[ERROR " + get_current_time() + "]" + log_meg)
remove_handler('error')
@staticmethod
def critical(log_meg):
set_handler('critical')
logger.error("[CRITICAL " + get_current_time() + "]" + log_meg)
remove_handler('critical')
if __name__ == "__main__":
MyLog.debug("This is debug message")
MyLog.info("This is info message")
MyLog.warning("This is warning message")
MyLog.error("This is error")
MyLog.critical("This is critical message")
Basic/Shell.py
Execute shell statement method
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2018/8/1 下午2:54
# @Author : WangJuan
# @File : Shell.py
"""
封装执行shell语句方法
"""
import subprocess
class Shell:
@staticmethod
def invoke(cmd):
output, errors = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
o = output.decode("utf-8")
return o
Page/page.py
class Page:
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver = driver
@property
def initloginpage(self):
return Login_Page(self.driver)
Test/test_login.py
For login testing, I will post a use case using the data file.
class Test_login:
@pytest.mark.parametrize("args", getData("test_login_error", 'data_error_login'))
def test_error_login(self, args):
"""错误登陆"""
self.page.initloginpage.input_user(args[0])
self.page.initloginpage.input_pwd(args[1])
self.page.initloginpage.click_login()
toast_status = self.page.initloginpage.is_toast_exist(args[2])
if toast_status == False:
self.page.initpatientpage.take_screenShot()
assert False
pytest.ini
In the pytest configuration file, the annotation is to retry 3 times if the startup fails, because appium will fail due to some uncontrollable reasons. This needs to be added when officially running the script.
[pytest]
;addopts = -s --html=report/report.html --reruns 3
addopts = -s --html=report/report.html
testpaths = ./Test
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_add_prescription_list
requirements.txt
框架中需要的患教，直接pip install -r requirements.txt 安装就可以了，可能会失败，多试几次
```python
adbutils==0.3.4
allure-pytest==2.7.0
allure-python-commons==2.7.0
Appium-Python-Client==0.46
atomicwrites==1.3.0
attrs==19.1.0
certifi==2019.6.16
chardet==3.0.4
colorama==0.4.1
coverage==4.5.3
decorator==4.4.0
deprecation==2.0.6
docopt==0.6.2
enum34==1.1.6
facebook-wda==0.3.4
fire==0.1.3
humanize==0.5.1
idna==2.8
importlib-metadata==0.18
logzero==1.5.0
lxml==4.3.4
more-itertools==7.1.0
namedlist==1.7
packaging==19.0
Pillow==6.1.0
pluggy==0.12.0
progress==1.5
py==1.8.0
PyMySQL==0.9.3
pyparsing==2.4.0
pytest==5.0.0
pytest-cov==2.7.1
pytest-html==1.21.1
pytest-metadata==1.8.0
pytest-repeat==0.8.0
pytest-rerunfailures==7.0
PyYAML==5.1.1
requests==2.22.0
retry==0.9.2
selenium==3.141.0
six==1.12.0
tornado==6.0.3
uiautomator2==0.3.3
urllib3==1.25.3
wcwidth==0.1.7
weditor==0.2.3
whichcraft==0.6.0
zipp==0.5.1
This concludes this article about the practical application of the Appium+Python+ pytest automated testing framework.
Finally, I would like to thank everyone who reads my article carefully. Reciprocity is always necessary. Although it is not a very valuable thing, if you can use it, you can take it directly:
This information should be the most comprehensive and complete preparation warehouse for [software testing] friends. This warehouse has also accompanied tens of thousands of test engineers through the most difficult journey. I hope it can also help you!