Today I will tell you about the pytest framework.
Today's article will introduce the following aspects:
1. First introduce the pytest framework
2. Take everyone to install the Pytest framework
3. Points to pay attention to when using the pytest framework
4. How to run pytest
5. Commonly used plugins in the pytest framework
0 1. Introduction to pytest framework
pytest is a third-party unit test framework for python, which is more concise and efficient than the built-in unittest, supports a very rich plug-in, and is compatible with the unittest framework. This allows us to not need to rewrite the code when the unittest framework is migrated to the pytest framework.
Advantages of pytest framework
1. Simple and flexible, easy to use
2. Support parameterization
3. It can support simple unit testing and complex functional testing, and can also be used for automated testing such as selenium/appium, and interface automated testing (pytest+request)
4. pytest has many third-party plug-ins, and can customize extensions,
02. Installation of pytest framework
Installation of pytest framework
pip install pytestPrecautions for using the pytest framework
.py test files must start with test_ (or end with _test)
Test classes must start with Test and cannot have an init method
Test methods must start with test_
Assertions must use assert
03. pytest operation mode
1. If no parameters are provided, pytest will look for test files starting with test_ or ending with _test in the current directory and subdirectories, and test functions starting with test_ in the file
2. When specifying the test file at runtime
1. At this time, the directory must be switched to the directory where the test file is located, otherwise pytest cannot search for the test and will not execute it.
2. When executing the function in the test file, it will search for the test function starting with test_, and the function that does not meet this rule will not be executed
3. If it contains a test class, when the test file is allowed, it will search for a class whose class name starts with Test, and the function name in the test class must also meet the requirements before it will be executed
4. The way of running can be run on the command line or on the main method
For example: such as: specify to run the test_01 module in the pythonDemo directory
......
if __name__ == "__main__":
pytest.main(["pythonDemo/test_01.py"])
Or command line mode:
pytest pythonDemo/test_01.py
In fact, there are many ways to run pytest, and there are many parameters that can be used to achieve different effects.
04. Commonly used plug-ins and installation of pytest framework
The pytest framework provides a lot of plug-ins, which can realize different functions. Today, I will give you an example of the most commonly used plug-ins.
pytest-xdist
When there are a lot of use cases, the running time will also become very long. If you want to shorten the running time of the script, you can use multiple processes to run it. Multi-cpu distribution.
pytest-rerunfailures
When testing, short-term network fluctuations will cause the use case to fail. At this time, the problem can be solved by retrying the use case. (rerun after a use case fails
pytest-html
is a pytest plugin for generating XML/HTML test reports. (HTML test report)
pytest-assume
The assert assertion is available in pytest, but the assertion after a failure will no longer be executed; pytest-assume can realize multiple verification of multiple assertions.
pytest-repeat
There will be some occasional bugs during the test process. For this kind of problem, we will repeatedly execute this use case many times, and finally reproduce the problem; the pytest-repeat plug-in can play this role: Repeated execution of test cases
pytest-ordering
pytest is executed in alphabetical order by default (lowercase English--->uppercase English--->0-9 numbers)
The order between the use cases is that the files are sorted according to the ASCLL code, and the use cases in the files are executed from top to bottom
setup_module->setup_claas->setup_function->testcase->teardown_function->teardown_claas->teardown_module
But you can customize the execution order of use cases through the third-party plug-in pytest-ordering
Alright, let me introduce to you today
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