Are you still testing manually? You might as well learn about a more efficient, accurate and simple testing method-using Python's Robot Framework for automated testing.
What is Robot Framework?
Robot Framework is an open source Python automated testing framework. It is based on keyword-driven ideas and is easy to read, expand, and write. Robot Framework supports a variety of test types, such as UI testing, API testing, database testing, etc., and also supports the integration of multiple testing tools and libraries, such as Selenium, Appium, Requests, Pandas, etc.
Install and configure Robot Framework
Before using Robot Framework, you need to install and configure the relevant environment. Specific steps are as follows:
1. Install Python
No need to say more.
2. Install Robot Framework
There are many ways to install Robot Framework, including pip, source code compilation, installation package, etc. Here we use pip to install:
pip install robotframework
3. Install Selenium2Library
Selenium2Library is a library used for UI testing in Robot Framework and needs to be installed:
pip install robotframework-selenium2library
4. Install browser driver
Selenium2Library requires browser drivers, such as ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc. You need to download the corresponding driver according to the browser and operating system you are using, and add it to the environment variables.
5. Configure IDE
You can choose to use any IDE to write and execute test cases, such as PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, etc. You need to install the Robot Framework plug-in and configure relevant parameters in the IDE. Here we take PyCharm as an example. The specific steps are as follows:
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Install the Robot Framework plug-in: Search for Robot Framework in PyCharm's plug-in center and install it.
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Configure the Python interpreter: In PyCharm's settings, select Project Interpreter and set the Python interpreter to the installed Python version.
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Configure Robot Framework: In the settings of PyCharm, select Tools → Robot Framework and set the parameters required by Robot Framework, such as path, version, etc.
Write test cases
After installing and configuring Robot Framework, you can start writing test cases. Writing test cases mainly includes the following steps:
1. Create a test suite
A test suite is a collection of test cases used to organize and manage test cases. A test suite can be created using a text editor or IDE as follows:
*** Settings ***
Documentation This is a test suite
Library Selenium2Library
*** Variables ***
${URL} https://www.baidu.com
*** Test Cases ***
Open Browser Test
Open Browser ${URL} chrome
Maximize Browser Window
Among them, *** Settings ***it is used to set the global parameters of the test suite, *** Variables ***to define the variables of the test suite, and *** Test Cases ***to define the test cases.
2. Write test cases
Test cases are specific test steps and results and can be written using keywords or custom keywords. As follows:
*** Settings ***
Documentation This is a test suite
Library Selenium2Library
*** Variables ***
${URL} https://www.baidu.com
*** Test Cases ***
Open Browser Test
Open Browser ${URL} chrome
Maximize Browser Window
Capture Page Screenshot
Close Browser
Among them, Open Browser, Maximize Browser Windowetc. are keywords in Selenium2Library, which are used for operations such as opening the browser and maximizing the window.
3. Execute test cases
Test cases can be executed using the command line or IDE. How to execute test cases using the command line is as follows:
robot test_suite.robot
Among them, test_suite.robotis the file name of the test suite. After executing the test case, Robot Framework will output test results and log information.
Practical example: UI testing using Robot Framework
In order to better understand and master the use of Robot Framework, a practical example will be demonstrated below: using Robot Framework for UI testing.
1. Preparation
First, you need to install and configure Robot Framework and Selenium2Library. At the same time, you need to download ChromeDriver and add it to the environment variables.
2. Write test cases
In this example, we will write a test case to test the search function of Baidu homepage. The code of the test case is as follows:
*** Settings ***
Documentation This is a test suite
Library Selenium2Library
*** Variables ***
${URL} https://www.baidu.com
*** Test Cases ***
Search Test
Open Browser ${URL} chrome
Maximize Browser Window
Input Text id=kw Robot Framework
Click Button css=#su
Capture Page Screenshot
Close Browser
The test case includes the following steps:
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Open your browser and maximize the window.
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Enter the keyword "Robot Framework" in the search box.
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Click the search button.
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Take a screenshot of the current page.
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Close the browser.
3. Execute test cases
How to execute test cases using the command line is as follows:
robot search_test.robot
After executing the test case, Robot Framework will automatically open the Chrome browser and search for the keyword "Robot Framework" on the Baidu homepage. After the execution is completed, Robot Framework will output the test results and log information, and save the screenshot.
Technical summary
This article introduces how to use Python's Robot Framework for automated testing and demonstrates a practical example. Through learning and practice, you can better master automated testing methods and techniques, and improve testing efficiency and accuracy.
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