Foreword: Recently, I read a lot of tutorials about Linux installation and deployment of MySQL on the Internet. There are always some minor problems when deploying by myself, such as: version conflicts, configuration failures and startup failures, etc. The hard work pays off, and finally the installation and deployment is successful. Yes, so this blog records how I installed and deployed MySQL step by step. Every line of code has been strictly tested. The pit bloggers have already stepped on it for everyone. The complete and detailed steps are here. This article is in the blog, hereby share it!
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Table of contents
1. Prepare the MySQL installation package
3. Create user groups and users
7. Log in and change the initial password
12. Set the boot to start automatically
1. Prepare the MySQL installation package
This is the official website: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html
After entering, the system selects Linux - Generic, and finally selects 64-bit and clicks Download
Choose to download directly
Note: The reason why I chose version 5.7 here is because the deployment of the latest version always had the problem of initialization failure, so I chose a more stable version.
2. Install MySQL
Here I pre-reinstalled the system on my Huawei cloud server, just to explain the construction process step by step cleanly and completely.
1. Create a new mysql folder in the root directory (the picture is convenient)
mkdir mysql2. Enter the directory
cd /mysql3. Upload the downloaded compressed package to the Linux server (Xftp)
4. Unzip
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz5. After the decompression is complete, rename the decompressed directory name, it is too long
mv mysql-5.7.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql-5.73. Create user groups and users
1. Create a user group named mysql
groupadd mysql2. Add user htt to mysql user group
useradd -r -g mysql httFourth, configure MySQL
1. Go to the MySQL directory that you just decompressed
cd /mysql/mysql-5.7
2. Create a directory named data
mkdir data
3. Give the htt user in the user group the permission of the data directory
chown htt:mysql -R /mysql/mysql-5.7/data/4. Configure the my.cnf file
vim /etc/my.cnf5. Delete all the content in the my.cnf file and copy the following content
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=htt
basedir=/mysql/mysql-5.7
datadir=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data/mysql.err
pid-file=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data/mysql.pid
max_connections=10000
max_user_connections=2000
wait_timeout=200
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
lower_case_table_names=1Detailed command
| parameter | explain |
|---|---|
| bind-address=0.0.0.0 | Set the IP address for MySQL to bind and monitor. 0.0.0.0 means to monitor all IPs and allow remote connections. |
| port=3306 | Set the port number of the MySQL service, the default is 3306 |
| user=htt | Specify the system user running the mysqld process as htt |
| basedir=/mysql/mysql-5.7 | Set the MySQL installation base directory |
| datadir=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data | Set the MySQL data file directory |
| socket=/tmp/mysql.sock | The Unix socket file path used when setting the local connection |
| log-error=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data/mysql.err | Set error log file path |
| pid-file=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data/mysql.pid | Set the file path to store the process PID |
| max_connections=10000 | Set the maximum number of connections, including TCP and socket connections |
| max_user_connections=2000 | Set the maximum number of concurrent connections for a single user |
| wait_timeout=200 | Set the idle connection timeout, in seconds |
| character_set_server=utf8mb4 | Set server default character set |
| symbolic-links=0 | Disable symbolic link symbolic link support |
| explicit_defaults_for_timestamp | Set the declaration method of the default value of the timestamp column |
| lower_case_table_names=1 | The table name is case sensitive, set to 1 means no distinction |
Note: Remember to change to your own directory
6. Press the i key to enter the edit mode and paste it in
7. Press the Esc key to exit the editing mode, enter: wq to save and exit the vim editor
5. Initialize MySQL
1. First enter the bin directory of the installation directory
cd /mysql/mysql-5.7/bin
2. Initialize the MySQL data directory
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/mysql/mysql-5.7 --datadir=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data --user=htt --initializeDetailed command
| parameter | Detailed explanation |
|---|---|
| ./mysqld | Start the mysqld server program |
| --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf | Specify the configuration file path as /etc/my.cnf |
| --basedir=/mysql/mysql-5.7 | Specify the installation directory of MySQL |
| --datadir=/mysql/mysql-5.7/data | Specify the data directory path |
| --user=htt | Start as the http user |
| --initialize | Initialize the data directory, create the necessary system tables, etc. |
After execution, the console reported the following error:
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Execute the following command to install it:
yum -y install libaio3. Execute the command just now, and then execute the command to view the initial password in the log
cat /mysql/mysql-5.7/data/mysql.err
The red box is the initial password, which will be used to log in to MySQL later
NYURXh_Wx5o!
6. Start MySQL
1. Enter the support-files directory
cd /mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files
2. Run mysql.server to start the MySQL service
sudo ./mysql.server start
Start successfully!
7. Log in and change the initial password
1. Enter the bin directory of MySQL
cd /mysql/mysql-5.7/bin
2. Login to MySQL
./mysql -u root -p3. Paste the NYURXh_Wx5o! just now, and press Enter
That's it, you're logged in!
4. Change the initial password to root
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');
5. Set the password expiration policy of the root user to never expire
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
6. Refresh
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
that's it!
8. Modify access rights
1. Access the mysql library
use mysql
2. Open the remote access authority of the root user, allowing any host to use the root user to connect to the MySQL database
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
3. Refresh
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
This completes the modification!
9. Release port number
I bought a Huawei cloud server here, and the port 3306 of MySQL needs to be released in the security group, otherwise it cannot be accessed!
Ten, Navicat access MySQL
Enter the server ip, port number, account number and password, and the connection is successful!
In this way, the installation and deployment are successful!
12. Set the boot to start automatically
1. Create a symbolic link for the MySQL service script to the system service script directory, and the file name is mysql
ln -s /mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlDetailed command
| parameter | explain |
|---|---|
| ln -s | Create a symbolic link |
| /mysql/mysql-5.7/support-files/mysql.server | The service script that comes with the MySQL database is used to control the start and stop of the MySQL server |
| /etc/init.d/mysql | The location where the system service script is stored |
2. Create a symbolic link for the MySQL client program mysql to the system command directory /usr/bin
ln -s /mysql/mysql-5.7/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysqlDetailed command
| parameter | explain |
|---|---|
| ln -s | Create a symbolic link |
| /usr/bin/mysql | Create a mysql symbolic link in the system command directory |
| /mysql/mysql-5.7/bin/mysql | The original path of the MySQL client program mysql |
3. Restart MySQL
service mysql restart
4. Add executable permissions to the /etc/init.d/mysql file
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql5. Add the mysql service as a service that starts automatically at startup
chkconfig --add mysql6. Check the service list
chkconfig --listLevel 2-5 is displayed as on, which means that it will start automatically after booting
And that's it!
13. Summary
The above is the complete process of how to install and deploy MySQL using Linux. If you have any questions, welcome to discuss in the comment area!