On July 12, Arbitrum officially announced that Arbitrum Nova, a new chain built based on Arbitrum AnyTrust technology, is currently running on the main network, and developers can deploy related applications on the chain. Arbitrum AnyTrust was released in March this year. In the article "Arbitrum Launches AnyTrust Chain to Meet the Diverse Needs of Ecological Projects" , the operating mechanism of AnyTrust is introduced in detail. Under the premise of security guarantee, it has the minimum trust assumption, making it cheaper and more efficient. A faster L2 chain, Arbitrum Nova, as a chain deployed based on AnyTrust technology, what innovations will it bring to the development of the Arbitrum ecosystem?
Why you need AnyTrust
Decision 与 Optimistic Rollup
The Ethereum L2 expansion plan takes Rollups as the mainstream, data is stored in the main chain, and the interaction process between accounts is transferred off-chain, thereby inheriting the security of the main chain and solving the problems of Ethereum transaction congestion and high transaction fees. The key to Rollups is how to ensure that the data submitted to the main chain is correct, thus resulting in two solutions: Optimistic Rollup (optimistic rollup) and ZK-Rollup (zero-knowledge rollup). Arbitrum is an Optimistic Rollup scheme that uses fraud proof and optimistically assumes that all transactions are valid. The biggest difference between the two is that when transaction status diverges, unlike Optimistic Rollup which uses a single round of fraud proof, Arbitrum uses multiple rounds of fraud proof .
Arbitrum multiple rounds of fraud proof
Arbitrum's multi-round fraud proof uses a binary protocol to dismantle the dispute points layer by layer and find the most critical dispute points. In the process of resolving the dispute, the party processing the transaction, the "asserter", and the party submitting the challenge, the "challenger", use the on-chain bisection algorithm to reduce their differences. The bisection protocol allows any different branches in the state tree to be efficiently verified. , after several divisions, the scope was narrowed down to one computational step, and then the dispute was resolved through a tiny one-step computational proof. The protocol sends this key assertion (Assertion) to the EVM for final verification.
Optimism's method of resolving disputes is to directly move L2 transactions to the L1 main chain and verify them on the main chain, which is a "single round" fraud proof. All in all, compared to Arbitrum's multiple rounds of fraud proof, Optimism dispute resolution is faster, but it increases the processing cost when calling contracts on the main chain.
challenge period
Arbitrum Rollup assumes the correctness of transaction data rather than directly proving it, so there is a "challenge period" during which suspected fraudulent transaction data can be discovered and the transaction restored. The time window for multiple rounds of fraud proof was as long as a week - the speed of dispute resolution resulted in too long withdrawal times for users to withdraw their tokens back to the Ethereum exchange . For example, it only takes about 10 minutes to transfer funds from Ethereum to Arbitrum, but it takes users about a week (or more) to transfer funds from Arbitrum back to the Ethereum mainnet. This requires relatively little security. Low, and not friendly to areas with higher demands in terms of transaction costs and throughput. For this reason, Arbitrum launched the AnyTrust chain, which integrates the Arbitrum model with strong security guarantees, allowing lower costs and faster withdrawals.
Arbitrum Nova is here
Nova is now open to developers
For everyone in the Ethereum and Arbitrum communities, the launch of Nova is a big step forward for Arbitrum. Arbitrum Nova is built using AnyTrust technology, which is a new technology optimized for ultra-low cost and transaction, and also has strong security guarantee.
Nova will be launched fairly. Currently, developers can apply for access rights through the official channel. After passing, access rights will be provided and deployment can begin. The chain ID of Arbitrum Nova is: 0xa4ba (decimal: 42170). More documentation and related resources will be available in the coming weeks. The official plan is to give developers at least two weeks to prepare and build Nova before it is made available to users.
Developer application address:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScuVz5UNpmonn8j2tam9py0PItrXEZKE85iHNE0KHgbxZbeKg/viewform?usp=sf_link
Latest AnyTrust documentation:
https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/blob/master/docs/inside_anytrust.md
Nova 与 Decision One
Arbitrum One is an existing chain built on Optimistic Rollup technology, Nova is an entirely new chain with a different set of assumptions designed for gaming, social applications, and more cost-sensitive use cases. The key technical difference between the two is that Arbitrum One always puts all transaction data on Ethereum, while Nova utilizes a data availability committee, sending data to the committee first and only falling back if the committee fails to complete the work. Put the data on the chain .
Nova’s advantages in all aspects
Nova is fully EVM compatible, and once Arbitrum One is migrated to Nitro, the feeling of developing on both chains will be exactly the same. As for how the chain works, there are two key differences.
First, Arbitrum Nova adds a minimum trust assumption when processing transaction data - assuming that at least two committee members are honest. L2 transaction data does not need to be recorded on the L1 chain because nodes can rely on the committee to provide data if needed. The committee signs Data Availability Certificates (aka DACerts) for bulk transactions, and only these certificates are published to L1, which results in much smaller storage requirements for the base layer. To truly keep data available, the committee runs a data availability server, which exposes a REST API that allows batches of data to be fetched via hashing.
Secondly, developers can really feel the further reduction of transaction fees . Due to the use of DAC, transactions on Nova will have significantly lower transaction fees compared to Arbitrum One. Although Arbitrum One is already 97% cheaper than Ethereum, the cost of Nova will be significantly reduced on this basis.
In short, Nova is very suitable for projects with cost-sensitive and high transaction volume expectations. For example, games that frequently mint new items or currencies, or social projects with many different levers for on-chain interaction... As the scale of such projects continues to expand, the need to reduce transaction costs has become a top priority, and Nova Chain The continued development of such projects will be supported. In the future, Arbitrum Nova will continue to improve and improve to further reduce costs.
Looking to the future
With Nova running, Arbitrum has two independent chains running in real time on the mainnet, supporting almost all blockchain areas. Nova will become the solution of choice for gaming and social applications, while Arbitrum One will continue to cover DeFi and NFT projects. At present, Arbitrum Nova's top priority is to ensure the stability of the chain and the continuous addition of new projects, and to cultivate a strong Arbitrum ecosystem.
The content of this section mainly comes from Offchain Labs:
Introducing New: Arbitrum AnyTrust Mainnet is open for Developers
https://offchain.medium.com/introducing-nova-arbitrum-anytrust-mainnet-is-open-for-developers-9a54692f345e
learn more:
Arbitrum Chinese Twitter account:
https://twitter.com/arbitrum_cn
Arbitrum 小助物：Arbitrum_assistant
Discord Referee: discord.gg/referee
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