The Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technology play a vital role in smart construction sites. The application of these technologies enables smart construction sites to achieve precise monitoring of construction processes, data collection and analysis, and equipment interconnection, thereby improving engineering efficiency, reducing costs, and improving workers' working environment.
1. Application of Internet of Things technology:
The Internet of Things refers to the connection of various devices, sensors and objects through the Internet to realize the exchange and sharing of data. In smart construction sites, IoT technology can realize the following applications:
1. Sensor network: By arranging sensors on the construction site, various data, such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, noise, etc., can be monitored and collected in real time. These sensors can be connected to IoT platforms to transmit data to the cloud for storage and analysis to provide timely understanding of construction site conditions.
2. Data collection and analysis: IoT technology can collect a large amount of real-time data and process and analyze it through data analysis algorithms. Through the analysis of data, valuable information and trends can be extracted to help managers make more accurate decisions and optimize construction processes and resource allocation.
3. Remote monitoring and control: Internet of Things technology can realize remote monitoring and control of construction site equipment and systems. Managers can remotely view real-time video surveillance of the construction site through mobile phones or computers, monitor the operating status of the equipment, and make necessary adjustments and controls.
2. Application of sensor technology:
Sensors are an integral part of smart construction sites and can sense and measure various parameters in the environment. The following are applications of sensor technology in smart construction sites:
1. Temperature and humidity sensors: Can monitor temperature and humidity changes inside and outside the construction site, and provide a suitable working environment to ensure workers' comfort and work quality.
2. Noise sensor: It can detect the noise level in the construction site, remind workers to wear earplugs, and take necessary measures to reduce noise pollution and protect workers’ hearing health.
3. Gas sensor: It can monitor the concentration of harmful gases in the construction site, such as toxic gases and flammable gases, issue alarms in time and take corresponding protective measures to ensure the safety of workers.
4. Pressure sensor: It can monitor and control the pressure changes of the building structure and soil, provide early warning of potential risks, and provide guarantee of structural safety.
3. Challenges and solutions:
1. Data privacy and security: Large amounts of data collection and transmission require data privacy and security. Construction companies and related agencies should strengthen data encryption and access control to protect the security of construction site data.
2. Big data processing and analysis: Processing and analyzing large amounts of real-time data is a challenge. By adopting efficient data processing and analysis technologies, such as cloud computing and edge computing, the speed and accuracy of data processing can be accelerated.
3. Reliability of the sensor network: The environment of the construction site is complex and changeable, and the sensor network may face signal interference, equipment failure, communication problems, etc. For these problems, backup sensors, signal enhancement technology, and network redundancy can be used to improve the reliability and stability of the sensor network.
Smart construction site refers to the use of mobile Internet, Internet of Things, intelligent algorithms, geographical information systems, big data mining and analysis and other information technologies to improve the information management level of construction elements such as "man, machine, material, method, environment, and safety" at the project site. , realize visual intelligent management of engineering construction, and gradually realize green ecological construction.
4. Source code technical description
Microservice architecture + Java + Spring Cloud + UniApp + MySql
Support multi-terminal display (PC, mobile phone, tablet);
Digital twin visual large screen, one picture to grasp the overall situation of the project;
Use lightweight models to deploy 3D visual management, integrate with the front-line production process, integrate the data backend, unify the front-end entrance, and present multi-party project information;
User PC and mobile data are synchronized, relying on a component-based development platform. ;
Relying on the data interaction sub-platform, data integration between multiple systems of users is formed;
Relying on the smart construction site platform to meet provincial and municipal housing construction data supervision requirements;
Utilize 5G and smart terminal algorithms to capture and process IOT device data.
5. Introduction to system functions:
【Project Personnel Management】
1. Project management: project name, name of construction unit, project address, total cost, total area, construction permit, start date, planned completion date, project status, etc.
2. Personnel information management: Supports the collection of ID cards and face information; maintains basic information, certificate information, contract information, training information and other data.
3. Attendance management: Supports multiple check-in methods such as safety helmets and mobile phones, records entry and exit times, and counts working hours; partition management, attendance records, and salary payment.
4. Access control management: Establish labels for special personnel and management personnel to facilitate personnel inquiry and unified management.
5. Safety education: Wireless WIFI is provided at the construction site. Workers need to be certified and answer built-in questions before accessing the Internet. After passing the certification, they can access the Internet. The system pushes different types of questions or video content according to the type of logged-in personnel. Questions or videos are set differently according to their importance. The weight is pushed randomly.
【Video Surveillance Management】
Video surveillance viewing, video surveillance playback, AI hazard source identification, and AI application overview.
Through video surveillance + intelligent analysis, it can be determined whether safety helmets are worn at main entrances and exits or in specific places. When it is detected that a safety helmet is not worn, the alarm will be reported immediately to reduce safety accidents. The loitering monitoring function can be deployed in key areas to proactively trigger an alarm when abnormal loitering people are found.
【Critical project management】
1. Machinery, equipment, driver identification:
All tower cranes and lifts are equipped with biometric authentication functions such as face or fingerprint to ensure that personnel are certified to work; driver information is uploaded to the smart construction site platform in real time.
2. Tower crane monitoring:
It can monitor important operating parameters in real time, including weight, torque, height, amplitude, rotation angle, operating speed, and wind speed; when the tower crane operates dangerously, real-time alarm data will be pushed to the smart construction site platform.
3. Hook visualization:
The visual video screen supports real-time viewing and remote browsing in the cab, computer, and mobile phone;
4. Elevator operation monitoring:
Real-time monitoring of load, car inclination, lifting height, running speed and other parameters; when an abnormality occurs, an audible and visual alarm will be issued immediately in the car, and the alarm data will be pushed to the smart construction site platform.
5. High formwork monitoring system:
Real-time monitoring of high-support formwork poles, tilt angles and loads, as well as horizontal displacement of the frame and settlement of the formwork; when the detection data exceeds the warning value, a real-time alarm is sent to the cloud platform.
6. Deep foundation pit monitoring system:
Real-time monitoring of the horizontal displacement of the top of the supporting structure, horizontal displacement of the deep layer, horizontal displacement of the column top, settlement, internal force of the support structure and anchor cable stress of the deep foundation pit, and alarming for excessive warning data.
【Green Construction Management】
Real-time environmental monitoring, historical environmental monitoring data, spray task management, automatic spray painting records, intelligent analysis of muck trucks, and vehicle entry and exit records
1. Environmental monitoring:
Real-time display of PM2.5, PM10, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and noise data; the smart construction site platform can set alarm values and early warning values, and can push early warning information in time when an alarm occurs.
2. Dust monitoring:
The smart construction site platform can set early warning values for particulate matter indicators. When it detects that the concentration of particulate matter exceeds the standard, the system automatically starts the spray equipment to achieve autonomous dust reduction; the mobile APP has a remote control function.
3. Vehicle washing AI recognition:
By installing a muck truck vehicle flushing identification device at the entrance and exit of the construction site, it can automatically identify whether the muck trucks have been fully flushed in accordance with regulations before going out on the road, and alarm the muck trucks that are detoured, not flushed, or insufficiently flushed. Report information and video evidence.
4. Water and electricity monitoring:
A new water and electricity metering model based on Internet of Things technology that automatically remotely reads water and electricity meter data, sets thresholds, and automatically determines abnormal conditions.
[On-site material management]
License plate recognition, automatic weighing, intelligent material weighing, voice broadcast, witness sampling monitoring, on-site inspection and inspection, material entry, material exit, etc.
【Safety Hazard Investigation】
It can record and query safety hazard data on computers and mobile phones; it can realize closed-loop management of safety hazard initiation, rectification, and review; it can carry out statistics, visual analysis, and information push of safety hazard data; it also includes the ability to monitor potentially dangerous hazard data. Carry out inspection record function for sub-item projects.
