Jiadu Xintai Technology Co., Ltd. Liu Hongyin
1. Application status of big data in smart city construction
With the continuous development of global urbanization, the current urban development is facing huge challenges, and new requirements have been put forward for urban operation and management.
Taking China as an example, the development of urbanization is particularly rapid. In 1978, the urbanization rate in China was 17.8%, and it reached 59% in 2017. The new problems brought about by rapid urbanization to urban development are more typical, such as: a dualistic society has become a triadic society-citizens, farmers, immigrants (floating population), and urban population management has become a difficult problem; urban diseases are coming quickly, and traffic problems, accidents and disasters, public safety and other issues cannot be underestimated.
In order to cope with the new challenges brought about by urbanization, countries invariably use the construction of smart cities as the starting point for solving problems. As one of the largest smart city implementation countries in the world, China undoubtedly regards it as a top priority.
At the same time, with the continuous progress of cloud computing technology, IoT technology, big data technology and artificial intelligence technology, my country's smart city construction has also entered a new level. According to the statistics of "Analysis of the Development Status of Smart Cities in China in 2018", from 2012 to 2016, my country has selected hundreds of cities or towns to carry out national "smart city" pilot projects. As of June 2017, 95% of my country's sub-provincial cities and 83% of prefecture-level cities, a total of more than 500 cities, proposed to build smart cities in the government work plan, and the number of smart cities built or under construction within the year is expected to exceed 500.
The scope of smart city construction is relatively large, covering many fields, involving all aspects of urban operation:
From the perspective of construction content, the current common construction mode of smart cities is to segment according to industry segments, carry out end-to-end intelligent construction of key segments of city operation, and comprehensively improve the governance capabilities of this segment. The implementation forms are mostly construction projects such as smart public security, smart transportation, smart grid, smart water conservancy, smart education, and smart urban management. Taking smart public security as an example, the Xueliang project, which is currently being rolled out on a large scale across the country, is one of the most important contents of smart city construction in the field of public security. With the goal of "global coverage, whole network sharing, full-time availability, and full-process controllability", Xueliang Project strives to realize the network application of public security video surveillance construction by 2020. According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Networked Application of Public Security Video Surveillance Construction", by 2020, a public security video surveillance networked application system covering the central, provincial, city, county, township, and village levels should be basically established. Across the country, the central government selects about 50 regions for key support every year. From 2016 to 2020, the central government will allocate more than 10 billion yuan to 250 "Snow Bright Project" demonstration cities, and plans to drive local governments to invest nearly 100 billion yuan in construction.
From the perspective of technological development, in the practice of smart city construction in recent years, the keywords basically revolve around big data and artificial intelligence. The main starting point for building a smart city is already all kinds of data information generated in the process of city operation.
With the support of smart cities, the total amount of data in cities is growing rapidly. According to the IDC research report, 90% of all information data in the world was generated in recent years, and the total amount of data is growing exponentially. From 5EB in 2003 to 4.4ZB in 2013, it will reach 44ZB in 2020. That is to say, in 2020, everyone can share more than 5200GB of data on average.
The construction of a smart city is to dig out the valuable information needed for city operation from such a huge amount of data ocean with the help of basic capabilities such as cloud computing, big data, chips, and algorithms. Full data aggregation and full big data computing have become the consensus of the industry. It can be said that the construction of smart cities is undergoing a major transformation. Downward, the continuous emergence of various big data processing and application technologies has accelerated the evolution of smart city construction to a higher level; downward, the rich and diverse business scenarios in cities have also spawned different user needs and landing applications.
2. The role and status of big data in the construction of smart cities
In the construction of smart cities, the role and status of big data are undergoing profound changes. Big data has gradually changed from a purely technical support means to the core construction content and application of smart cities. With the increasing scale of cities, increasing urban population, and increasingly complex structures, the traditional division of labor model has long been unable to meet the management and operation of cities. The refined governance of cities can only be sustainable by relying on comprehensive analysis and scientific decision-making. One of the city's information infrastructure is an important part of the new smart city driven by data.
3. Bottlenecks and problems in the application of big data in the construction of smart cities
The main application bottlenecks and problems of big data in the field of smart cities are as follows:
- There are barriers to big data pull-through
The construction of a new type of smart city with big data as the core also faces many new difficulties in the process of implementing it. One of the most critical issues is that there are serious barriers to data sharing.
As the infrastructure of a new type of smart city, big data naturally requires a city-level connection of various types of data generated by urban entities such as governments and enterprises in their production and operations. However, in actual work, cross-departmental coordination is very difficult. At present, the management systems of various government departments are linearized. Each department is responsible for its own superior department, and lacks motivation for horizontal integration.
- Poor quality of big data affects usability
Due to the lack of top-level design and overall planning at the data level during historical construction, there are also certain problems in the availability of data in various sectors of the city, manifested in poor data quality. After data fusion and association, it directly affects the availability of data.
At the same time, under the background of new smart city construction, the requirements for data are higher than usual. Many scenarios need to update data in real time, and even realize the data ledger of the whole process from data generation to collection and warehousing. However, the frequency of data collection in many government departments is low and data governance is lacking. Taking water, electricity, gas, gasoline as an example, most management departments only update the data once a month, which will lead to deviations in the validity of the data.
- Big data management and application lack system norms
In the daily operation of smart cities, they are constantly processing and analyzing data, and constantly generating classified data. The management and application of data need to be viewed systematically. It is necessary to comprehensively revitalize resources at the height of top-level design and establish a system and norms for big data management and application.
4. Analysis of big data application cases in smart city construction
Safety and order are the basic requirements for urban operation, and it is also one of the core goals of new smart city construction and governance. Big data undoubtedly has a very broad application space in the field of public security in smart cities, which is usually reflected in the construction of smart policing. The following is an analysis of a case of smart policing in a certain city.
- Overall Planning
The city's smart policing is supported by cloud computing, IoT, artificial intelligence, video networking, data analysis and mining, etc., with public security informatization as the core, and through ubiquitous connections, deep insight, and intelligent empowerment, it promotes the intensive and collaborative operation of public security organs' informatization construction and application, and aims to realize police information. A new concept and new model of police development with the goal of "intensive integration, high degree of sharing, and in-depth application".
Based on the above plan, the city's smart police construction is carried out with the content of "three networks, one center, and four applications".
The "three networks", that is, the operating networks of the various systems of smart police, are mainly carried on the public security information network, the public security video network and the Internet. The public security information private network is the aggregation and processing domain of various police information, the public security video private network is the collection and processing domain of public security video and audio information, and the Internet is the collection and service domain of urban security information. The three networks jointly carry the construction of the city's smart policing.
"One center" means building an urban smart police data center. The data center is the core of the storage, analysis, processing and service of the city's public security information. It connects the business data of various police types internally, realizes information sharing, eliminates information islands, and provides data services to various police types.
The construction content of "four applications" includes the following major aspects:
The first is to build intelligent analysis, using big data mining, analysis, and prediction algorithms and models to innovate intelligence analysis ideas, expand intelligence analysis methods, and build big data analysis and prediction tools to fully mine and analyze information, provide multiple dimensions for information correlation, and realize intelligent collision and comparison of data, intelligent intelligence prediction, and automatic push of results.
The second is to build smart prevention and control. Using the Internet of Things technology to build a diversified intelligent perception network, aiming at key areas and important entrances and exits, through the construction of front-end equipment such as face recognition, vehicle face recognition, video surveillance, and mobile bayonets, it can realize three-dimensional intelligent information collection. It uses big data stream computing, real-time computing and other technologies to perform security situation awareness, evaluation and prediction on the massive amount of information sensed and collected. Combined with PGIS, it provides intuitive security situation monitoring capabilities, timely discovers security hotspots, and controls the overall security situation from a macro perspective.
The third is to build smart video, build a video big data platform based on multi-source perception data collection and aggregation with video as the core, and link data from other systems on the public security network to support various types of police to conduct in-depth data mining on high-risk personnel and vehicles, further amplify and multiply the value of data, and make video big data serve the entire police;
The fourth is to build smart services, using platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, Weishi, and SMS to disclose police information, policies, regulations, and procedures to the public, and develop a public security service platform for the convenience of the people;
- Overall architecture
In order to meet the needs of the city's smart police informatization construction under the new form, build a complete informatization system architecture that is scalable, scalable, collaborative, and maintainable. Starting from the overall strategy of public security, and based on "three networks, one center and four applications", build an overall architecture composed of four layers: information collection layer, data layer, service layer and application layer.
The information collection layer relies on the "three networks" to gather sensory data from all levels of society and transmit them to the data center.
The data layer is the data processing and storage layer of the data center, which centrally integrates and analyzes the data of the perception layer and stores it in the corresponding data resource library.
The service layer filters, classifies and collides the data of the resource layer, and uses it as the data source of the top-level service.
The intelligent application layer provides four major applications of police affairs based on data sources.
- Design ideas and expected results
The city's smart policing construction is based on the top-level design of the city, centering on the concept of "police big data", relying on various new technologies, taking actual combat as the guide, focusing on service, taking application as the core, taking safety as the premise, taking standard collection, normative integration, safe sharing, and synthetic application as the key, and driven by reform and innovation. Through "application-led construction and construction reverse application", we will vigorously promote the organic integration of informatization and basic work, and fully promote the implementation of the "smart policing" strategy.
5. Application prospects and trends of big data in the construction of smart cities
After years of continuous development, it can be asserted that all walks of life in the city have basically completed the establishment of the basic system of big data, as well as the integration and governance of industry big data. In the next smart city construction, the focus of big data construction and application has gradually shifted from basic construction content such as establishing standards, consolidating foundations, and building computing power to cross-industry integration and big data applications. How to break down industry barriers, integrate more urban data resources, how to respond to various business application needs more efficiently and accurately at the level of big data, and gradually form a new model of smart city construction that "uses data to speak, use data to make decisions, use data to manage, and use data to innovate" is the key to the construction of smart cities in the future.
6. Conclusion
Today, big data has already been implemented in various smart city application scenarios, and has produced many results and typical cases. Big data concepts and big data methodologies have gradually become one of people's standardized thinking. With the continuous development of data collection, data governance, structured analysis and other technologies, there are more and more adaptable scenarios. It is foreseeable that big data, as a new era of information infrastructure, will definitely form a more comprehensive coverage in the construction of smart cities.