This article, from the evolution process of human society informatization to digitalization, and the current status of enterprise digitalization, and reviews several revolutions of information technology to expound and summarize the value and significance of the operating system. Based on the law of industry development, we redefine the architecture and construction points of Yunjing -Cloud Operating System. And gave a bold idea. You might think we're getting wild. However, the fact is that we have already made him, you can boldly register for a Yunjing account and experience that all definitions and assumptions are not concepts.
The evolution process of human society from informatization to digitalization
The informatization we have been talking about has actually existed since ancient times, but it is manifested in different ways. From the perspective of historical development law, the informatization of human society has gone through the following four stages.
The first stage, the original stage. The characteristic of this stage is that the recording medium is very simple, the amount of information that can be recorded is very small, and the information is difficult to transmit, and different people understand it very differently. For example: Knot Notes. A person tying two knots on a tree means that he has given birth to two babies, and another possibility is that he has raised two pigs.
The second stage is the text stage. At this stage, there are already texts, but it is very difficult to quickly copy the texts, and the copying is basically done by hand copying. The storage media at this stage are varied, ranging from Chinese tortoise shells, bamboo slices, and brocade to foreign pottery panels. But the ambiguity of information has been greatly reduced. In the post-writing period, movable type printing and the invention of paper provided the basis for rapid copying of writing. The main changes in this stage are the unification of storage media and the wide spread of information.
The third stage is the electronic stage. At this stage, due to the emergence and development of computers, information began to be stored electronically, such as magnetic disks, floppy disks, etc. The amount of information at this stage begins to grow explosively, and the storage medium is very small, which is convenient for storage and portability. It can be said that a very small USB flash drive can store all the materials in a certain library. The transmission of information is also very convenient, such as email, FTP, instant messaging and other methods.
The fifth stage is the era of cloud information. At this stage, based on the previous stage, information began to be stored in the cloud. Everyone has an account in the cloud, which can store various information in life and work, as well as scenes. People can access their own information at any time through various devices across time and space . There is basically no need to consider the synchronization of information transmission. Cloud informatization naturally has the ability to synchronize and share information. It brings great convenience to everyone in using and exchanging information. Although it has entered the fourth stage, in fact, many users and enterprises are still in a mixed state of text stage and electronic stage. Information fragmentation is relatively serious, and there is a lack of a unified mechanism to manage information. How to effectively improve enterprise information management and information security management is still a big challenge.
As follows, we use a picture to illustrate the four stages of human informatization evolution and their relationships:
Current status of enterprise digitalization and informationization
First, intelligence is still relatively weak, and there are insufficient professionals in enterprise informationization. After years of development, although many corporate leaders have a strong determination to achieve intelligent and digital transformation, due to the particularity of the information industry, the solutions to each problem are different. In the development process, concepts, ideas, and methodologies It is difficult to form consistency. The weak infrastructure and the lack of professional talents in digital transformation lead to the lack of a holistic view and systematic thinking in the implementation process, and the sustainable development infrastructure in the implementation process cannot be guaranteed.
Second, most of the systems or software used by enterprises or individuals have a prominent problem of isolated information islands, and they are basically deployed in chimney style . Lack of unified management , large differences in application requirements, and different development times lead to simultaneous operation and maintenance of multiple closed information systems. It is difficult for enterprises to form a unified data asset system and data security operation and maintenance platform. The user's operation of the information system is fragmented, and it is difficult to form a unified operating platform.
Third, China currently lacks an independent, controllable, and flexible operating system. At present, many systems of enterprises are provided by the West, and there is a risk of getting stuck, threatening industrial stability and national information security. The industry urgently needs a unified informatization architecture on the cloud to create a unified data asset system and a unified operation console.
Fourth, for software tools for C-end individual users, each website or system needs an account system, and these SaaS companies started with personal applications, and then began to develop enterprise applications, embedding an account system in each software. The enterprise organizational structure resource management authority management module forms a chimney-like data island.
Review several revolutions of information technology
The computer is the basis for the development and rise of the information industry, and the initial computer did not have an operating system. Later, some assembly languages appeared, and some IO and logic calculations were controlled by simply writing instructions. The most typical is the 8051 single-chip microcomputer, which is the prototype of the computer.
A computer without an operating system has a high threshold for use. Users need to have a very in-depth understanding of the system's hardware resources, instruction registers, etc. to use the computer easily. The barrier to use is very high. Only computer technicians can write the code to control the computer. This is very inconvenient for the popularization of computers and the rapid duplication of software achievements.
Later, the emergence of the operating system solved this kind of problem. Typically, represented by Windows and MAC. Developers can develop different applications based on Windows and MAC, install them on the operating system and use them directly, thus bringing the prosperity of the PC era, while the IOS and Android operating systems have brought the great unity and prosperity of the mobile phone era. On the server side, the Linux operating system seems to dominate the world, forming the brain of WEB applications.
Starting from the principle of the operating system and analyzing the solution, the operating system mainly consists of the following major functions:
IO hardware resource management mainly manages the hardware resources of the system, such as standard input and output, keyboard, mouse, USB, Bluetooth, etc. Multi-tasking and multi-threading preempt access to mutexes for IO, and the concept of semaphores assists the orderly use of hardware resources, and resources are used according to the amount.
Task scheduling , task scheduling is the core and foundation of the operating system. With task scheduling, the operating system can complete multi-task and multi-application operations.
Message communication , threads, and processes are the basic units of execution. Multi-threading and multi-process collaboration require communication between threads or processes. Most operating systems use message communication.
Application management , computers can often dynamically add or delete applications to meet the needs of different scenarios without replacing hardware or reinstalling the operating system. With the operating system, the software installation and uninstallation programming is componentized and modularized.
Storage management , storage content management is also an important part of the computer system. For the program running in the memory, it needs to dynamically create, use and release the content. The program files are stored on the hard disk, and the hard disk needs to be managed.
Account management , most of the current operating systems are multi-account, this is also for different users to use the same system, so that the data at the user level are isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other.
Authority management , for multi-account systems, using resources on the operating system requires authority management to manage different users and control access to resources. The most typical Linux uses ACL (Access Control List), while PaaS or SaaS has a large Most of them adopt the permission management model of RBAC (Role Based Access Control) or ABAC (Attribute Based Access Control).
Provide graphical human-computer interaction . For modern computers, a visual graphical interface is basically used. The bottom layer of the computer renders the graphical interface and responds to human-computer interaction in a timely manner. In the Internet era, the limitation that the traditional graphical interface can only interact with the local computer has been broken. The data on the remote computer can be operated through interfaces on different terminals, real-time interaction with the remote computer, and geographical restrictions can be lifted.
Another line of inspiration for us. The popularity and unification of the operating system enables users to develop software based on the standard API provided by the operating system to run on the operating system of their choice, while software of different operating systems cannot run, for example: use The software developed by Windows API can only run on Windows. Software developed based on MAC OS can only run on MAC OS.
Jobs invented the Apple Store, allowing software to be uploaded to the App Store for users to download like commodities. Windows, Linux, and MAC have successively adopted this method to manage software on the operating system. In the later mobile era, Android and IOS are even more similar.
At present, it is the era of the Internet of Everything, and it is also the era of the Web. In the Web era, most software has been moved to the cloud, becoming SaaS, software and services, which can be used immediately after searching, and users do not need to download, just open and use. Software in the Web era makes business logic and data into cloud services in the background, and separates the human-computer interaction (UI) part from business logic and data for independent development and release. The Web is inherently cross-platform, based on Web technology. The developed applications can run on all major operating systems.
To sum up, this has provided ideological guidance and inspiration to Yunjing, a new generation of mining operating system, to unify it.
Yunjing-the scheme design of the new generation cloud operating system
Overall Program Guidance
The overall plan first builds an operating system on the cloud, establishes a basic service platform, and establishes a middle-end system for a unified data asset system. Then based on the basic service platform, develop industry applications in various fields, gradually solve specific needs, and design from top to bottom.
As a top-level design company, it focuses on building a unified infrastructure service system, establishing industry standards, and establishing open standards. There are thousands of specific business models, and companies in the information field should be united to continuously improve the cloud crystal information ecosystem based on open standards.
Cloud crystal infrastructure
Yunjing - operating system on the cloud, the architecture is divided into four layers, from bottom to top: edge layer , IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) layer, PaaS (Platform As A Service), SaaS (Software As A Service) layer.
As shown in the figure below, it shows the specific things done by each layer and the relationship between them:
Technical Architecture Solution Description
First of all, the traditional operating system runs on a single piece of hardware and is part of a certain device, such as a personal office computer, a single cloud server, a mobile phone, an embedded device, etc., and the operating system runs on the CPU. This is the operating system of the microcosm. By enlarging the traditional computer operating system in the microcosm and drawing on the design ideas of the traditional operating system, a cloud operating system can be built. With the development of communication and web technology, cross-regional real-time communication and cross-regional dynamic scheduling are no longer an obstacle, which provides the basis for the construction of an operating system on the cloud.
An infinite number of servers are connected to form an infinite computing unit . A computer is often equipped with a CPU, and a CPU integrates multiple cores. Most of the current CPUs are multi-core CPUs. The entire base IaaS (infrastructure) of the Internet is composed of unlimited services. We can regard these servers as computing units and connect them to form a computing unit with unlimited computing power. Applications can run in computing units in the form of containers according to requirements, and different computing power can be configured according to requirements. The idea was inspired by the CPU and the concept of processes running on it.
To build a message bus for service communication, services (processes) running between different servers need to work together. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a cross-region and cross-server message bus for real-time communication between services. Create information between services to tell highways.
Construct a service scheduling management system, the service runs in the form of a container on the computing power matrix , and the application can dynamically or manually adjust the CPU and memory size used by the container service according to the user's visit volume, and adjust the number of copies of the container Number, to dynamically meet the computing power demand of user visits. Unified scheduling and management of services is required.
Build a multi-tenant account management system and a unified authentication center, which is the core of Yunjing -Cloud Operating System, the relationship between accounts and organizations, organizations and organization members, and members and accounts. Based on the account, build the organizational structure, install software in the organization, and the administrator distributes the software that can be used to the organization members, and configures the organization resource management capabilities for the organization members. Construct the collaborative relationship between people and people, people and things, people and organizations, organizations and systems.
Establish a developer center, build an online application store, and establish a developer alliance. For capable and intelligent developers or service providers, provide an easy-to-use access portal, provide a developer center, an application trading market, widely absorb excellent industry software, and let them access to solve industry problems. They win together.
Establish a unified authority management system and standardize the authority management methods of the cloud platform. Provide safe and favorable guarantees for users to use functions and access data.
Develop the human-computer interaction interface, build a personalized virtual cloud desktop, provide the interactive interface of Web technology for the browser, and the human-computer interaction interface installed on the PC, and develop mobile phone applications to meet the needs of enterprise office, on-site office, and mobile office need.
Establish an IoT communication system, build a unified device access mechanism, build IoT device management access, customize access standardized protocols, and formulate IoT access standards.
Establish AI algorithm model service, AI large model is the new engine of the next round of industrial revolution. Currently moving forward to the next stage, artificial intelligence will replace humans in dangerous work and repetitive labor. Through continuous learning and repetitive labor, expert experience will be accumulated, and it will be used in manufacturing, smart life, smart production, equipment management, safe operation, and The field of business decision-making plays an important role. It can also replace people and reduce decision-making mistakes caused by supervisors' judgments.
Build an industrial big data platform, build a computing engine, a big data service platform, tap the value of big data, realize the sublimation from data to wisdom, re-predict and discover the future from data, and provide more valuable decision support and business applications.
Bold vision
traditional operating system
Traditional operating systems are mainly composed of three layers: hardware abstraction layer, operating system layer, and application layer. The hardware abstraction layer is mainly adapted to different CPUs, processors, GPUs, etc. Provide basic computing interface and graphics rendering interface, provide drivers for operating other hardware, etc.
The operating system mainly completes the abstract operation of unified hardware devices, process thread scheduling, synchronization mechanism, and graphical interface processing.
The application layer is mainly an application program developed by developers based on the standard interface of the operating system. It will be installed in the operating system and used by users.
Represented by the following figure, we show a model diagram of a traditional operating system:
Operating system on the cloud
And we are bold, standing "outside the earth", looking at the problem from the cloud, zooming in on the following operating systems, replacing the hardware layer with an IaaS, a structure composed of tens of thousands of computers all day long:
We regard traditional computers as the IaaS part of the cloud operating system. Based on thousands of systems, we assume that the operating system is in the cloud. Through the cloud operating system, users and tens of thousands of applications are connected to form a human-to-human, human-to-human relationship with things. Thousands of computers in the IaaS infrastructure, we have built a message bus, and they can communicate with each other through the Internet for communication and data synchronization.
looking to the future
Through Yunjing - a new generation of cloud operating system, in the future, everyone will have a cloud account, log in Yunjing , and enter a virtual cloud operating system. You can learn, create value, work, enjoy, surf the web, collaborate with others, work, and socialize. All In One, All is On The Cloud.