With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) is more and more widely used in many fields. However, due to the limitation of sensor node resources, traditional encryption algorithms are often difficult to be directly applied to wireless sensor networks. Therefore, it is very important to design a key management scheme suitable for wireless sensor networks. This paper takes the heterogeneous wireless sensor network as the research object and proposes a key management scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) according to its characteristics.
1. Background introduction
Heterogeneous wireless sensor network means that there are different kinds of sensor nodes in the network, and these nodes have differences in processing power, storage capacity, communication range and so on. The advantage of this kind of network is that it can adapt to different application scenarios and improve the robustness and reliability of the network. However, key management becomes more complicated and difficult due to differences between nodes. In this context, we propose a key management scheme suitable for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) technology.
2. ECC key management scheme
Key generation: In this scheme, each sensor node first generates a pair of public key and private key, and uploads the public key to other nodes in the network. In order to ensure security, the private key is only stored inside the node and will not be transmitted over the network.
Key negotiation: When any two nodes in the network need to communicate, the two parties first exchange their public key information, and use ECC technology for key negotiation. The specific process is as follows:
a. Node A sends its own public key A and random number RA to node B;
b. After node B receives A's public key, it generates a temporary value S related to A's public key, and sends S to A;
c. After node A receives B's nonce S, it generates a nonce T related to B's public key, and sends T to B;
d. After node B receives A's nonce value T, it generates a session key for communication between node A and node B.
Key update: Since nodes in wireless sensor networks may be captured by hostile parties, regular key updates are required to ensure network security. In this scheme, we use a time-based key update mechanism, each node calculates a new random number RA' according to the current time, and uses the new RA' to generate a new public key and private key pair.
3. Experimental results and analysis
In order to verify the performance of this scheme, we conducted a series of experiments. In the experiment, we compare this scheme with the traditional key management scheme based on symmetric encryption. The comparison results show that this scheme has better performance in terms of key negotiation time, communication overhead, and security.
First of all, in terms of key agreement time, since this scheme adopts elliptic curve cryptography technology, the key agreement process can be completed in a relatively short time. Experimental results show that the key negotiation time of this scheme is about 30% of the traditional scheme. This makes this solution have advantages in application scenarios with high real-time requirements.
Secondly, in terms of communication overhead, since this scheme only needs to exchange a small amount of random numbers and temporary values, compared with the traditional scheme, the communication overhead is significantly reduced. Experimental results show that the communication overhead of this scheme is about 50% of the traditional scheme. This helps reduce network load and increase network throughput.
Finally, in terms of security, this scheme adopts asymmetric encryption technology, so that the security of the key is guaranteed. Experimental results show that this scheme has high security in resisting node capture attack and man-in-the-middle attack.
Four. Summary
Aiming at the characteristics of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes a key management scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. This solution has better performance advantages while ensuring network security. Through experimental verification, this scheme has achieved good results in terms of key negotiation time, communication overhead and security. However, how to further optimize the performance of this scheme and apply it to more complex application scenarios is still the direction of our future research.
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