A set of systematic anatomy test papers and answers
Systematic anatomy test questions 1
1. Fill in the blanks (there are 12 small questions in this major question, 30 blanks, 0.5 points for each blank, 15 points in total)
1. The triceps of the calf is composed of ________ and ________, and it lifts ________.
2. Clinically, the alimentary canal from ________ to ________ is often referred to as the upper gastrointestinal tract.
3. The body surface of the gallbladder fundus is projected slightly below the intersection of ________ and _______.
4. The morphology of the cecum and colon is characterized by ________, ________ and ________.
5. The upper airway includes _______, _______, and ________.
6. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the junction of the ____________ end with the ____________ excretory duct.
7. The conduction system of the heart includes ___________, __________, __________ and its branches.
8. The testicular artery arises from the __________ artery, and the appendix artery arises from the __________ artery.
9. The contents of the eyeball include _________, _________, and __________.
10. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are _________, ___________, and ___________.
11. The somatic motor nuclei located in the midbrain are _________ and _________.
12. The cervical spinal cord has __________ segments and the lumbar segment has __________ segments.
2. Multiple-choice questions (there are 25 sub-questions in this major topic, each with 1 point, 25 points in total)
1. The posterior middle of the humerus has
A．Ulnar nerve groove B. radial nerve groove C. Greater nodule D. Small nodules E. olecranon fossa
2. The ligamentum flavum joins two adjacent
A．Between the arch plates B. Between the pedicles C. Between the vertebral arches D. Between spinous processes E. between vertebrae
3. of the facial skull
A．frontal bone b. inferior turbinate C. Sphenoid D．Temporal boneE. occiput
4. Which of the following muscles is involved in thigh extension
A．quadriceps b. Adductor longus C. Adductor magnus D. piriformis E. gluteus maximus
5. Extraperitoneal organs are
A．Stomach B．Horizontal portion of the duodenum C. liver D．Spleen E．gallbladder
6. The ligament formed by the double layer of peritoneum is
A．Broad ligament of uterus b. Uterine round ligament C. cardinal ligament of the uterus d. Sacrouterine ligament E. ligament proper of the ovary
7. common bile duct
A．Located within the hepatoduodenal ligament B. Formed by the confluence of the left and right ducts of the liver C. in the hepatogastric ligament
D．Runs behind the hepatic portal vein E. avascular nutrition
8. appendix
A．No mesentery B. Direct nutrition from the ileal artery C. on the right waist
D．Belongs to extraperitoneal organs E. All three bands of colon converge at the base of the appendix
9. The right main bronchus is characterized by
A．thin and short b. Thick and long C. Thick and short D. Thin and long E. Hengping
10. kidney
A．The long axis is vertical B. Located behind the peritoneum C. The right side is higher than the left side
D．There is a 12th rib at the lower part of the back obliquely E. intraperitoneal organ
11. ureter
A．Belongs to the interperitoneal organs B. Through the renal hilum C. Divided into abdominal (segment) and pelvic (segment)
D．The abdomen descends in front of the psoas major E. Opens on both sides of bladder body
12. vas deferens not included
A．Seminal vesicle excretory duct B. urethra C．Ejaculatory duct D. Vas deferens E. epididymis
13. The ampulla of the vas deferens is located in
A．spermatic cord B. Testis C. Basin D. Groin E. ejaculatory duct initiation
14. The site of fertilization of the egg is in
A．Fallopian tube funnel B. Fallopian tube uterus C. Fallopian tube ampulla D. Isthmus of fallopian tube E. intraperitoneal cavity
15. coronary artery
A．Only one B. From the origin of the pulmonary trunk C. Walk in the anterior and posterior compartments
D．Distributed only in the left and right ventricular walls E. Just nourish the blood vessels of the heart
16. heart in chest
A．In the upper mediastinum B. In the anterior mediastinum C. In the middle mediastinum D. In the posterior mediastinum E. Intrapericardial
17. Branches that are not part of the external carotid artery are
A．facial artery b. Lingual arteryC. Middle meningeal artery d. Superficial temporal artery E. maxillary artery
18. left gastric artery
A．From the splenic artery B. From the common hepatic artery C. walk along the greater curvature of the stomach
D．Distributed in the gastric wall on the side of the lesser curvature of the stomach E. Anastomosis with the right gastroepiploic artery
19. Thoracic duct
A．Inject into the right venous horn B. From cisterna chyli C. Length 1～1.5cm
D．Collect the right cervical trunk E. Collect lymph from 1/4 of the body
20. arterial ligament
A．Usually located between the right pulmonary artery and the aortic arch B. Made up of bundles of muscle fibers C. from conus arteriosus
D．Is a remnant of fetal ductus arteriosus atresia E. Between pulmonary artery and ascending aorta
twenty one. tympanum
A．It is a small cavity that is not connected to the outside world B. The anterior wall is the tympanic membrane C. jugular vein wall
D．The lower wall is the mastoid wall E. labyrinth wall
twenty two. The bundle of fibers passing through the genu of the internal capsule is
A．Medial lemniscus B. cortical nuclei c. Corticospinal tractD. Spinothalamic tract E. apparent radiation
twenty three. The nerve that constricts the pupil is
A．optic nerve b. oculomotor nerve C. vagus nerve d. ophthalmic nerveE. sympathetic nerve
twenty four. The hypoglossal nucleus is located in
A．midbrainB．Brain bridge C. Medulla oblongata D．diencephalon E. spinal cord
25．The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle is
A．Axillary nerve b. Musculocutaneous nerve C. radial nerve d. Ulnar nerve E. median nerve
3. Multiple-choice questions (this major question has 5 sub-questions, each with 2 points, a total of 10 points)
1. The lungs contain
A．tracheaB．main bronchiC. Pulmonary vesselsD. Lymphatic vesselsE. nerve
2. of the gonads are
A．bulbourethral gland b. ProstateC．ovaryD．Seminal vesicles E. testis
3. The branches of the aortic arch are
A．Left common carotid artery b. Right common carotid artery C. Brachial trunk D. Left subclavian artery E. right subclavian artery
4. retina
A．On the inner surface of the media B. Divided into outer pigmented part and inner neural part C. All nerves are sensitive to light
D．The macula is temporal to the optic disc E. The fovea is the most sensitive part of the photosensitive color
5. The distribution of the oculomotor nerve includes
A．Superior rectus muscle B. superior oblique C. Inferior rectus D. Inferior oblique E. medial rectus
4. Explanation of terms (this major question has 5 sub-questions, each with 2 points, 10 points in total)
1. It is the intermuscular fissure above the medial half of the inguinal ligament and the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. In men, the spermatic cord passes, and in women, the round ligament of the uterus passes.
2. The slightly dilated common channel at the confluence of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct opens at the major papilla of the duodenum.
3. On the inner (mucosal) surface of the bladder fundus, in the triangular area between the ureteral entrance and the internal urethral opening on both sides, the mucosa is smooth without folds.
4. Pulmonary circulation is the circulation of blood between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation is the circulation of blood between the heart and the organs of the whole body.
5. At the base of the brain, a ring of arteries bounded by the anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, internal carotid, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries.
5. Questions and answers (this major question has 10 small questions, a total of 40 points)
1. How is the pelvic boundary defined? What is a large and small pelvis? (4 points)
1. The pelvic boundary consists of the sacral promontory (0.5 points), the arcuate lines on both sides (1 point), the pubic comb (0.5 points), the pubic crest (0.5 points) and the upper border of the pubic symphysis (0.5 points) Together, the boundary line above is the large pelvis (0.5 points), and below it is the small pelvis
2. Where are the strictures of the esophagus located, and what is the distance from the third stricture to the central incisor? (6 points) The first stricture of the esophagus: at the beginning of the esophagus (1 point); 15cm from the central incisor (1 point).
2nd stenosis: at the intersection with the left main bronchus (1 point); 25 cm from the central incisor (1 point).
The third stenosis: the place where the esophageal hiatus passes through the diaphragm (1 point) is 40cm away from the central incisor (1 point).
3. What are the laryngeal cartilages? (4 points) There are thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilage. (1 point per word)
4. How many layers does the capsule of the kidney have from the inside to the outside? (4 points) Renal fibrous capsule, renal fat capsule, renal fascia
5. What are the ligaments that hold the uterus in place? What is the role of each? (4 points) The fixed uterine ligaments include: the broad ligament of the uterus restricts the movement of the uterus to the sides (1 point); the round ligament of the uterus maintains the anteversion of the uterus (1 point); uterine flexion
6. What are the inlets and outlets of the right atrium? (4 points) The entrance to the right atrium is the ostium of the superior vena cava, the ostium of the inferior vena cava, and the ostium of the coronary sinus, and the outlet is the ostium of the right atrium
7. What are the relatively constant trunks of the superficial veins of the upper extremities? (3 points) with cephalic vein, basilic vein and median cubital vein
8. Why are throat infections in young children prone to otitis media? (4 points). Because the eustachian tube is short (2 points) and nearly horizontal (1 point), and the eustachian tube is the passage between the pharynx and the tympanic cavity (1 point), pharyngeal infections in young children can easily pass through the eustachian tube to the tympanic cavity and cause otitis media
9. What is the segmental distribution of thoracic nerves? (4 points). Chest 2 flat sternal angle, chest 4 flat nipples, chest 6 flat chest sword joint (1 point for each of the above), chest 10 flat navel, chest 12 flat midpoint plane of navel pubis
10. The upper end of the spinal cord is half-transected. What are the barriers to sensation and movement? What structure is caused by the damage? (3 points). 1. Contralateral superficial sensory impairment below the level of injury, due to damage to the spinothalamic tract; (1 point)
2. Deep sensory and fine tactile disturbances below the level of the ipsilateral injury, due to damage to the thin and wedge bundles; (1 point)
3. Paralysis of the upper and lower limbs on the same side due to damage to the lateral corticospinal tract.
Systematic anatomy test questions 1 standard answers
1. Fill in the blanks:
1. Gastrocnemius soleus heel (1 and 2 can be reversed)
2. Oral duodenum3. Right midclavicular line Right costal arch
4. Colon with colonic pouch intestinal fat 5. Nose and throat6. seminal vesicle
7. sinoatrial node atrioventricular bundle atrioventricular bundle 8. The abdomen dominates the ileum 9. room lens vitreous body
10. Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Mandibular nerve 11. Oculomotor nucleus Trochlear nucleus 12.8 5
2. Multiple choice questions:
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．E 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．E 9．C
10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．E 16．C 17．C 18．D
19．B 20．D 21．E 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．A
Three, multiple choice questions:
1．BCDE 2．CE 3．ACD 4．ABDE 5．ACDE
System Anatomy Exam Question 2
Description of test questions: All test questions are required to be answered on the answer sheet, and multiple-choice questions are answered on the question card (there is only one correct answer for type A questions; the answer method for type K questions is: ①﹢②﹢③=A; ①﹢③= B; ②﹢④=C; ④=D; ①﹢②﹢③﹢④=E; X-type questions are multiple-choice questions).
Explanation of nouns (10 points, 1 point for each question)
One 1. Ganglion
2. Fiber bundles in the peripheral nervous system, where nerve cell bodies gather
3. The venous angle is in the central nervous system, with the same or similar N fibers starting and ending, running, and functioning
4. The costal arch is behind the sternoclavicular joint, and the angle 8--10 formed by the confluence of the internal cervical V and the subclavian V into the nameless V is formed by connecting the costal cartilage with the upper costal cartilage 5
. Periodontal tissue Periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva together constitute
6. The general term for all organ structures and connective tissues between the mediastinal pleura on both sides of the mediastinum
7. The renal sinus extends from the renal hilum to a gap in the kidney, which contains the A branch of the kidney, the V branch of the kidney, the small calyces, the major calyces, the renal pelvis, fat, etc. 8
. The arterial ligament, the fibrous connective tissue cord connecting the lower edge of the main A arch and the bifurcation of the pulmonary A trunk, is formed by the atresia of the A duct in the embryonic period
. Receptors The organizational structure of the body to receive stimuli from the internal and external environment
10. Human anatomy is the science that studies the shape and structure of normal human organs
II. Point out the following structural positions (10 points, 1 point for each question)
1. Ulnar nerve groove
2. Pituitary fossa3
. Cruciate ligament4
. Triceps insertion point
5. McBurney point
6. Bladder triangle
7. Fibrous ring
8. Injection site of the azygos vein9
. Lower sympathetic nerve center
10. vagus nerve enters and exits cranium
3. Fill in the blanks (20 points, 0.5 points for each blank)
1. The basic structures of joints are (1), (2) and (3).
2. The anterior muscles of the arm are (1), (2), and (3); innervated by (4).
3. The main structures of bone are (1), (2) and (3).
4. The inguinal canal has (1) passage in males; (2) passages in females.
5. The second strictures of the esophagus, ureter, and male urethra are located at (1), (2), and (3), respectively.
6. The tooth form of the right maxillary second deciduous molar is (1); the tooth form of the left mandibular permanent canine is (2).
7. The capsule of the kidney has (1), (2) and (3).
8. The branches of the celiac trunk are (1), (2) and (3).
9. The superficial veins of the upper extremity are (1), (2) and (3).
10. The position sense receptors are (1), (2) and (3).
11. The parasympathetic nuclei in the brainstem are (1), (2), (3) and (4).
12. The motor language (speaking) center is located at (1); the auditory language (obedient) center is located at (2); the visual language (reading) center is located at (3); and the writing center is located at (4).
13. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are (1), (2) and (3).
4. Short answer questions (20 points, 4 points for each question)
1. The names and functions of the ligaments that fix the uterus, the broad ligament of the uterus --- to prevent lateral displacement; the round ligament of the uterus --- to maintain anteversion; Ligament ----- prevents sagging; sacrouterine ligament ----- maintains forward flexion.
2. The name and opening of the paranasal sinuses, frontal sinus - middle meatus; maxillary sinus - middle meatus; anterior middle group of ethmoid sinuses - middle meatus, posterior group - upper meatus; sphenoid sinus - sphenoid ethmoid recess
3. The position and function of each heart valve, tricuspid valve---right atrioventricular mouth, lung A valve---pulmonary A mouth; mitral valve---left atrioventricular mouth; main A valve--- --Main port A; each valve can ensure the directional flow of blood and prevent reflux
4. The refractive system of the eye consists of cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body
5. The production of cerebrospinal fluid and the choroid plexus of each ventricle, lateral ventricle → Interventricular foramen → third ventricle → midbrain aqueduct → fourth ventricle → median foramen and lateral foramen → subarachnoid space → arachnoid granules → superior sagittal sinus
V. Essay questions (15 points)
1. Describe the motor nerve conduction pathway of the upper limb: pyramidal cells in the upper 2/3 of the precentral gyrus → send out fibers to form the corticospinal tract → hindlimb of the internal capsule → middle 3/5 of the midbrain and peduncle → pontine base → medullary pyramidal area → pyramidal The junction crosses to the opposite side to form → the lateral corticospinal tract → ends in the enlarged neck (cervical 4-thorax 1) anterior horn cells → spine N anterior root → brachial plexus → upper limbs 2
. The composition and characteristics of the hepatic portal vein are formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric V and the spleen V behind the head of the pancreas. It collects V blood from unpaired organs (except the liver) in the abdominal cavity. It is a functional blood vessel of the liver, and both ends are capillaries. Many branches, no V valve, abundant collateral circulation
6. Multiple choice questions (25 points, 1 point for each question) 1D 2D 3A 4A 5C 6A 7E 8B 9D 10B 11C 12B 13A 14B 15E 16B 17C 18A 19B 20E 21ACE 22BCE 23AB 24BDE 25ACDE Type A question 1 The unique structure of the cervical spine is
A
transverse
process Costal cavity B Vertebral foramen C Spinous process D Transversal foramen E Articular process
2 Paired cranial bones
A Zygomatic bone B Occipital bone C Sphenoid bone D Parietal bone E Vomer bone
3 The most complex joints in the whole body are
A Knee joint B Shoulder joint C Hip joint D elbow joint E mandibular joint
4 structures without taste buds are
A filamentous papilla B fungal papilla C lobular papilla D contour papilla E epiglottis mucous membrane
5 the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity is
A larynx vestibule B laryngeal ventricle C glottic fissure D Vestibular fissure E subglottic cavity
6 about the vas deferens excretory duct
A seminal vesicle excretory duct B urethra C ejaculatory duct D vas deferens E epididymis
7 structures belonging to the right
atrium A supraventricular crest B meat column C chordae D papillary muscle E comb muscle
8 The middle meningeal artery is
a first-order branch of the external carotid artery
B Branches of the maxillary artery C Branches of the vertebral artery D Branches of the internal carotid artery E Branches of the middle
cerebral artery 9 The cranial nerves that come out of the brain from the dorsal side of the brain are
A Trigeminal nerve B Hypoglossal nerve C Accessory nerve D Trochlear nerve E Facial nerve
10 Transverse temporal gyrus is
A visual center B auditory center C sensory language center D motor language center E body movement center
K-type question
11 The joints with intracapsular ligament are
①shoulder joint ②knee joint ③wrist joint ④hip joint
12 about the esophageal hiatus
①at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra ②the thoracic duct passes ③the vagus nerve passes ④is located on the central tendon
13 the pharynx Division
① nasopharynx ② oropharynx ③ hypopharynx ④ pharyngeal recess
14 intestinal tube with mesentery
① empty, ileum ② descending part of duodenum ③ transverse colon ④ ascending colon
15 sternal angle plane
① flat fourth Five thoracic intervertebral space ② flat trachea bifurcation plane ③ flat esophageal second narrowing ④ upper and lower mediastinum boundary plane 16
lesser omentum including
① hepatogastric ligament ② gastrocolic ligament ③ hepatoduodenal ligament ④ mesentery
17 ventricular diastolic closure The valve is
① mitral valve ② aortic valve ③ tricuspid valve ④ pulmonic valve
18 nucleus of solitary tract
① related to the composition of facial nerve ② related to the composition of vagus nerve
③Related to the composition of the glossopharyngeal nerve ④Related to the composition of the trigeminal nerve
19 Innervation of the ring finger (fourth finger) skin
①Ulnar nerve②Radial nerve③Median nerve④Musculocutaneous nerve
20 Nerves distributed in the tongue
①Hypoglossal nerve②Trigeminal nerve ③The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve ④The fibers of the chorda tympani
X-type question
21 belongs to the short bone is
A navicular bone B phalanx C talus D patella E cuboid bone
22 belongs to the upper digestive tract is
A jejunum B duodenum C stomach D cecum E pharynx
23 blood vessels containing venous blood are
Apulmonary arteryBportal veinCbrachiocephalic trunkDcoronary arteryEmiddle meningeal artery24
is a structure belonging to the hypothalamus
AHenical triangleBcere tubercleC medial geniculate bodyDoptic chiasm Emammillary body25Participating
in the formation of the cerebral artery ring is
Abrain Anterior artery B Middle cerebral artery C Posterior cerebral artery D Anterior and posterior communicating branches E Internal carotid artery
Systematic anatomy test questions 2 standard answers
2. Point out the following structural locations
1. Behind the medial condyle of the humerus
2. Above the sphenoid body
3. Inside the knee joint capsule
4. Olecranon ulna
5. The middle and outer 1/3 intersection of the line connecting the right anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilical cord
6. Inner surface of the bottom of the bladder, between the ureteral bladder opening and the internal opening of the urethra
7, between the vertebrae
8, the upper cavity V
9, the chest 1--lumbar 3 side angle
10, the neck V hole.
3. Fill in the blanks
1, articular surface, joint capsule, joint cavity
2, biceps brachii, brachialis muscle, coracobrachialis muscle, musculocutaneous N
3, bone, periosteum, bone marrow
4, spermatic cord, uterine round ligament
5, left main Crossing of bronchi, entrance of small pelvis (crossover of iliac vessels), membranous part
6, Ⅴ, 5
7, fibrous capsule, fat capsule, renal fascia
8, left stomach A, total liver A, spleen A
9, head V, expensive Yao V, elbow center V
10, sacculus spot, utricle spot, ampullary ridge
11, oculomotor accessory nucleus, superior salivary nucleus, inferior salivary nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the vagus N
12, posterior inferior frontal gyrus [44 , 45], posterior superior temporal gyrus[22], angular gyrus[39], posterior middle frontal gyrus[8] 13,
eye N, maxillary N, mandibular N
Systematic anatomy test question 3
Test question description: All test questions are required to be answered on the answer sheet, and multiple-choice questions are answered on the question card (there is only one correct answer for type A questions; the answer method for type K questions is: ①﹢②﹢③=A ; ①﹢③=B; ②﹢④=C; ④=D; ①﹢②﹢③﹢④=E; X-type questions are multiple-choice questions).
1. Explanation of terms (10 points, 1 point for each question)
1. Sternal angle: The junction of the sternal manubrium and the body forms a slightly protruding angle.
2. Intervertebral disc: The fibrocartilaginous disc between two vertebral bodies.
3. Upper gastrointestinal tract: the digestive tract above the duodenum (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum)
4. Renal hilum: On the medial surface of the kidney, A, V, N, L of the kidney and the entry and exit parts of the renal pelvis
5. Vein: the blood vessel that guides blood back to the heart
6. Intraperitoneal organs: almost all sides of the organs are surrounded by peritoneum
7. Mediastinum: the general term for all organs, structures, and connective tissues between the mediastinal pleura on both sides
8. Epidural space: the gap between the dura mater and the periosteum on the inner surface of the spinal canal
9. Ganglia In the peripheral nervous system, where nerve cell bodies gather
10. Cistern chyli: the enlargement formed by the confluence of the left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunks in front of the lumbar 1 vertebral body, which is the starting point of the thoracic duct
2. Point out the location of the following structure (10 points, 1 point for each question)
1. Cruciate ligament2
. Quadriceps insertion point
3. Duodenal papilla4
. Opening of the sphenoid sinus
5. Arterial ligament6
. Great saphenous vein injection site
7. The third ventricle8
. The part where the maxillary nerve exits the cranium
9. Visual center
10. bladder triangle
3. Fill in the blanks (20 points, 0.5 points for each blank)
1. Bones are divided into four categories (1), (2), (3) and (4) according to their shape.
2. The parasympathetic ganglia of the head and face are (1), (2), (3) and (4).
3. The muscles of mastication are (1), (2), (3) and (4), innervated by (5).
4. The intracapsular ligaments of the hip and knee are (1) and (2), respectively.
5. The second strictures of the esophagus and ureter are located in (1) and (2), respectively.
6. The fallopian tubes are divided into four parts (1), (2), (3) and (4).
7. The lesser omentum consists of (1) and (2).
8. The unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta are (1), (2) and (3).
9. The superficial palmar bow consists of (1) and (2).
10. The refractive system of the eye consists of (1), (2), (3) and (4).
11. The cranial nuclei that only accept the contralateral cortical nucleus tract are (1) and (2)
12. The cranial nerves that exit the cranium through the jugular foramen are (1), (2) and (3).
13. The biceps is innervated by the (1) nerve, the diaphragm is innervated by the (2) nerve, and the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervated by the (3) nerve.
4. Short answer questions (20 points, 4 points for each question)
1. The production and discharge path of sperm. Convoluted seminiferous tubule → straight seminiferous tubule → rete testis → efferent tubule of testis → epididymis duct → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → in vitro
2. The name and nerve management of extraocular muscles. The levator, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and medial rectus are innervated by the oculomotor N; the superior oblique is innervated by the trochlear N; the lateral rectus is innervated by the abductor N.
3. The name, location and function of the heart valves. Tricuspid valve, right atrioventricular opening, prevents blood from returning to the atrium during ventricular contraction; pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery opening, prevents blood from returning to the ventricle from the pulmonary artery during ventricular diastole; mitral valve, left atrioventricular opening, prevents blood from returning to the ventricle It returns to the atrium during contraction; the aortic valve, the aortic orifice, prevents blood from returning to the ventricle from the aorta when the ventricle relaxes
. Morphological divisions of the stomach and arterial sources The stomach is divided into fundus, gastric body, cardia and pylorus; left stomach A - celiac trunk; right gastric artery - liver proper A; right gastroepiploic artery - gastric duodenum Intestine A; gastroepiplo left A, retrogastric A and gastric short A—spleen A.
5. The composition of the internal capsule and the main fibers passing through each part. The ascending and descending fibers between the cerebral cortex and subcortical centers travel in the wide and thick white matter plate formed between the caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus; forelimb: frontopontine tract; knee: cortical nuclear tract; hindlimb: corticospinal tract, Central thalamic radiation, visual radiation, auditory radiation.
V. Essay questions (15 points)
1. Describe the deep sensory nerve conduction path from adductor pollicus to cerebral cortex. Adductor hallucis→ulnar N→vertebral segment N→posterior root→cervical 8-thoracic 1→posterior cuneate bundle ascending→cuneiform nucleus→intersection of medial lemniscus→medial lemniscus→dorsal of pyramids on both sides of midline of medulla→ Pons through the trapezoid → dorsolateral red nucleus of the midbrain → ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus → central radiation of the thalamus → upper middle 2/3 of the anteroposterior central gyrus
2. Describe the composition and characteristics of the hepatic portal vein, and explain the anatomical basis of hematemesis, hematochezia and abdominal wall varicose veins in hepatic portal hypertension. Porta hepatis V is formed by the confluence of superior mesenteric V and spleen V behind the head of pancreas. It is characterized by capillaries at both ends. The functional blood vessels of the liver have no V valve and many branches. They collect the V blood of unpaired organs (except the liver) in the abdominal cavity, and have abundant collateral circulation; when the portal V is high pressure, the V blood of the portal V 1) the portal V → left stomach V → esophageal V plexus → odd V → upper cavity V, varicose esophageal V plexus causing hematemesis 2) Hepatic hilum V → spleen V → inferior mesenteric V → rectal V plexus → inferior rectal V or anal V, internal genital V → Intrailiac V→inferior cavity V, rectal V plexus varicose causing hematochezia; 3) Hepatic hilum V→attached umbilical V→periumbilical V network→upper and inferior cavity V, perumbilical V network varicose
6. Multiple choice questions (25 points; 1 point for each question)
1D2B3C4E5A6B7E8B9B10C11C12B13B14E15C16D17A18A19C20A21ACE22BCE23AB24BCDE25CD
(1), Type A question
1. The unique structure of the cervical spine is
A. Transverse costal cavity B. Articular process C. Spinous process D. Transversal foramen E Vertebral foramen
2. A shallow groove behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus is
A radial nerve groove B ulnar nerve groove C intertubercular groove D semilunar notch E coronoid fossa
3. The unpaired facial skull has
A nasal bone B lacrimal bone C hyoid bone D palatine bone E frontal bone
4. The most complicated joints in the whole body are
A mandibular joint B shoulder joint C elbow joint D hip joint E knee joint
5. The structure without taste buds is
A filamentous papilla B fungal papilla C leaf-shaped papilla D outline papilla E epiglottic mucosa
6. Compared with the right main bronchus, the left main bronchus
A is thick and long B is thin and long C is thick and short D is thin and short E runs horizontally
7. The main way for the venous blood of the heart to return to the heart is
A great cardiac vein B cardiac vein C small cardiac vein D precardiac vein E coronary sinus
8. Belonging to the female gonads are
A Bartholin glands B Ovaries C Bulbar urethral glands D Cervical mucus glands E Breast glands
9. The lower center of the sympathetic nerve is located in the spinal cord
A cervical 1-thoracic 3 B thoracic 1-lumbar 3 C lumbar 1-sacral 2 D sacral 2-4 E only exists in the middle thoracic segment
10. The structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid are
A. Arachnoid B. Choroid C. Choroid plexus D. Arachnoid granules E. Pia mater
(2), K-type questions
11, aortic hiatus
① vagus nerve passes through ② at the level of twelve thoracic vertebrae ③ located in the central tendon ④ chest duct passes through
12 structures related to knee extension
① quadriceps femoris ② sartorius ③ thigh Nerves ④ Sciatic nerve
13 Intestines with mesentery
① Empty, ileum ② Descending part of duodenum ③ Transverse colon ④ Ascending colon
14 wall pleural divisions
① Diaphragmatic pleura ② Costal pleura 3 Mediastinal pleura ④ Pleural roof
15 The arteries of the thyroid come from
① neck Branches of internal artery ②external carotid artery ③common carotid artery ④subclavian artery
16 directly into the inferior
vena cava ①inferior mesenteric vein ②left testicular vein ③splenic vein ④renal vein
17 nucleus
of the solitary tract ① related to the formation of the facial nerve ② related to the tongue pharyngeal nerve formation
③Related to the composition of the vagus nerve ④Related to the composition of the trigeminal nerve
18 Centers directly related to language activity ①Posterior
branch of the inferior frontal gyrus ②Posterior branch of the middle frontal gyrus ③Angular gyrus ④Apical lobular superior gyrus
19 Cranial nerves containing taste fibers
① Trigeminal Nerve ② Facial nerve ③ Hypoglossal nerve ④ Glossopharyngeal nerve
20 Belongs to the structures on the sphenoid bone
① spinous foramen ② optic canal ③ pituitary fossa ④ rupture hole
(3), X-type question
21 The short bones are
A navicular bone B phalanx C talus D patella E cuboid bone
22 The structure of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring is
A epiglottis B pharyngeal tonsil C lingual tonsil D Eustachian tube occipital E palate Tonsil
23 Vessels containing venous blood are
A pulmonary artery B portal vein C cephalic trunk D coronary artery E middle meningeal artery
24 belonging to the parasympathetic nucleus
A solitary tract nucleus B superior salivary nucleus C oculomotor accessory nucleus D dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve E The nucleus 25 at the lateral angle of the sacral 2-4 segment
of the spinal cord belongs to the posterior thalamus
A Superior colliculus B Superior thalamic arm C Medial geniculate body D Lateral geniculate body E Inferior thalamic arm
Systematic anatomy test questions 3 standard answers
two. Indicate the location of the following structures:
1. In the capsule of the knee joint
. 2. Tibia
. 3. The descending part of the duodenum. 4. The sphenoethmoid
recess. 5. Between the aorta
and the left pulmonary artery. or upper and lower cortex) 10 inner surface of the bladder fundus (between the ureteral bladder opening and the internal opening of the urethra)
three. Fill in the blanks
1 long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone
2 ciliary N segment, pterygopalatine N segment, submandibular N segment, ear N segment
3 masseter muscle, temporalis muscle, pterygoid internal muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle, trigeminal N ( Mandibular N)
4 femoral head ligament, knee cruciate ligament
5 crossing of left main bronchus, intersection of iliac vessels (at the entrance of small pelvis)
6 infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
7 hepatic ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament
8 Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
9 Superficial palmar branch of radial artery, end of ulnar artery
10 Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body
11 Sublingual N nucleus, lower half of facial N nucleus
12 Glossopharynx N, vagus N, accessory N
13 muscle skin N, diaphragm N, tongue N
Systematic anatomy test questions 4
one. Explanation of terminology (2 points per question, 20 points in total)
1. Sternal angle: The junction of the manubrium and the body is slightly convex forward, called the sternal angle, flat against the second costal cartilage.
2. Pharyngeal isthmus: It is formed by the palate, the free edge of the palatine velum, the left and right palatoglossal arches and the root of the tongue, and is the boundary between the oral cavity and the pharynx
3. Costophrenic recess: the place where the costopleura and diaphragm pleura reflex, the lowest point of the pleural cavity.
4. Trigone of the bladder: the inner surface of the bladder fundus, a smooth triangular area without folds between the two ureteral openings and the internal opening of the urethra.
5. Inguinal canal: The lower part of the anterolateral wall of the abdomen and the upper half of the medial side of the inguinal ligament. It is a fissure between the muscles and tendons through which the spermatic cord in men or the round ligament of the uterus in women passes. It is about 4.5 cm long from the outside to the inside.
6. Mediastinum: the general term for all organs, structures and connective tissues between the left and right mediastinal pleura.
7. Arterial ligament: the connective tissue cord between the slightly left side of the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and the lower border of the aortic arch, which is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus atresia in the embryonic period.
8. Nerve nucleus: Outside the cortex of the central nervous system, neuron cell bodies with similar shape and function gather together.
9. Striatum: In the basal ganglia of the brain, the collective name of the lenticular nucleus and the caudate nucleus.
10. Cerebral artery ring: formed by anastomosis of anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery.
2. Fill in the blanks (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1. Bones can be divided into four types according to their shape: , , , and .
2. The basic structure of synovial joints include, and.
3. The entrance of the stomach is said to be connected to the stomach; the outlet is said to be connected to the stomach.
4. The positional receptors of the head include those of the inner ear, , , and , and the auditory receptors are of the inner ear.
5. Clinically, it is usually called the upper respiratory tract.
6. The three strictures of the male urethra are , , and .
7. The convex side of the aortic arch emanates from right to left, and three major branches.
8. The refractive device of the eye consists of , , and .
9. The arteries of the brain mainly come from and.
10. The general visceral motor nucleus of the brainstem includes , , and 4 nerve nuclei, and the visceral sensory nucleus is.
11. The parietal pleura can be divided into 4 parts, , , and , according to the different lining parts.
12. The entrance to the right ventricle is the right atrioventricular orifice, with a valve attached to the periphery of the orifice.
3. Multiple choice questions (1 point for each sub-question, 20 points in total)
1、B 2、C 3、C 4、D 5、C 6、B 7、C 8、 A 9、C 10、D
11、B 12、A 13、 B 14、C 15、D 16、C 17、A 18、C 19、B 20、A
1. The main features of the cervical spine are:
A. The vertebral body is larger B. The transverse process has a hole C. The spinous process is long and obliquely descending D. The transverse process has a rib concave
2. The largest and most complex joints in the human body are:
A, shoulder joint B, wrist joint C, knee joint D, hip joint
3. The muscles that abduct the shoulder joint are;
A, pectoralis major B, latissimus dorsi C, deltoid D, trapezius
4. The only fully ringed laryngeal cartilage is:
A. Thyroid cartilage B. Epiglottis cartilage C. Spoon cartilage D. Cricoid cartilage
5. The alimentary canal with colonic bands, colonic pouches, and epididymal appendages is:
A, rectum and anal canal B, jejunum and ileum C, cecum and colon D, appendix
6. The large papilla of the duodenum is in the duodenum:
A, the upper part B, the descending part C, the horizontal part D, the ascending part
7. The body surface projection of the lower lung boundary, on the midaxillary line and:
A. The 6th rib intersects B. The 7th rib intersects C. The 8th rib intersects D. The 9th rib intersects
8. Ureter:
A. It starts from the renal pelvis B. It is an organ located in the peritoneum C. It can be divided into two parts, the abdomen and the pelvis. D. It opens at the bladder neck
9. Triceps brachii is dominated by ( ):
A. Musculocutaneous nerve B. Ulnar nerve C. Radial nerve D. Axillary nerve
10. The olfactory nerve passes through ( ) into the cranial cavity:
A. Round hole B. Oval hole C. Jugular hole D. Sieve hole
11. The extraperitoneal organs are:
A, appendix B, kidney C, gallbladder D, ascending colon
12. The fossa ovale is located at:
A, right atrium B, right ventricle C, left atrium D, left ventricle
13. Tubal ligation is performed on the fallopian tube ( ):
A. Uterus B. Gap C. Ampulla D. Infundibulum
14. The great saphenous vein passes through:
A. Front of the lateral malleolus B. Rear of the lateral malleolus C. Front of the medial malleolus D. Rear of the medial malleolus
15 Belonging to the somatic motor nucleus of the brainstem is;
A, oculomotor nucleus B, trochlear nucleus C, abducens nucleus D, all of the above
16. The nerves that do not belong to the sacral plexus are;
A, sciatic nerve B, superior gluteal nerve C, femoral nerve D, inferior gluteal nerve
17. The only cranial nerves attached to the dorsal side of the brainstem are:
A, trochlear nerve B, oculomotor nerve C, abducens nerve D, optic nerve
18. The auditory center is located;
A. Precentral gyrus B. Postcentral gyrus C. Transverse temporal gyrus D. Angular gyrus
19. Which of the following nerve injuries causes "claw hand":
A, median nerve B, ulnar nerve C, radial nerve D, musculocutaneous nerve
20. The cranial nerve nuclei innervated only by the contralateral cortical nucleus tract are:
A, hypoglossal nucleus B, accessory nerve nucleus C, abducens nerve nucleus D, oculomotor nucleus
4. Judging True or False (1 point for each sub-question, 5 points in total)
1. The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the spine are lordotic. ( )
2. The most sensitive part of the retina is the fovea of the macula ()
3. The thoracic duct is injected into the left venous horn. ()
4. The left main bronchus is short and thick ()
5. The third-level neuron cell body of the visual conduction pathway is located in the lateral geniculate body. ( )
5. Questions and answers (35 points in total)
1. Where are the three physiological strictures of the esophagus? How many centimeters are each from the central incisor? ①The place where the pharynx and esophagus transition, 15 cm away from the central incisor. (1 point) ②At the intersection with the left main bronchus, 25 cm away from the central incisor. (1 point) ③ The esophageal hiatus through the diaphragm is 40 cm away from the central incisor. (3 points)
2. How many pairs of paranasal sinuses are there? 2 points) ① frontal sinus (0.5 points), ② maxillary sinus (0.5 points), ③ sphenoid sinus (0.5 points), ④ ethmoid sinus (0.5 points (2 points)
3. How many strictures are there in the ureter? Where are you? ①The transition of the renal pelvis and ureter (1 point) ②The intersection with the iliac vessels (1 point) ③Inside the wall (3 points)
4. What are the parts of the vas deferens? ① testis (0.5 points) ② subcutaneous spermatic cord (0.5 points) ③ inguinal canal (0.5 points) ④ pelvis (2 points)
5. What are the main anastomotic routes between the hepatic portal vein and the superior and inferior vena cava? (3 points) ① Anastomosis of the rectal venous plexus with the superior vena cava system (1 point) ② Anastomosis of the rectal venous plexus with the inferior vena cava (1 point) ③ Anastomosis of the superior and inferior vena cava through the periumbilical vein network (1 point) (3 points)
6. Where are the cell bodies of level 3 neurons in the superficial sensory conduction pathways of the head and face? (3 points) ① Trigeminal ganglion (1 point) ② Trigeminal pontine nucleus and spinal tract nucleus (1 point) ③ Ventoposteromedial nucleus of dorsal thalamus (3 points)
7. What are the nerves distributed in the hand? ① Median nerve (1 point) ② Ulnar nerve (1 point) ③ Radial nerve (3 points)
8. What are the nerves distributed on the tongue? What are the functions of each? 4 points) ①The lingual nerve of the trigeminal nerve manages the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 mucosa of the tongue (1 point) ②The chorda tympani of the facial nerve manages the taste sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (1 point) ③The glossopharyngeal nerve governs the posterior 1/3 of the mucosa The general sensation and taste (1 point) ④ The movement of the tongue muscle innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (4 points)
9. What are the parts of the internal capsule? What are the main projection fiber tracts? ① Forelimb of internal capsule: anterior thalamic radiation, frontopontine tract (2 points) ②Genucle of internal capsule: cortical nuclear tract (2 points) ③ Hind limb of internal capsule: central thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, visual radiation, auditory radiation (2 points) (6 points)
10. When antibiotics are injected into the cephalic vein to treat appendicitis, how does the drug reach the affected area?
Cephalic vein → axillary vein → subclavian vein → brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava (2 points) → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → (2 points) aorta → abdominal aorta → superior mesenteric artery → ileocolic artery → appendix artery → appendix (2 points)
Systematic anatomy test questions 4 standard answers
Two fill-in-the-blank questions (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1. Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone 2. Articular surface, joint cavity, joint capsule
3. Cardia, esophagus, pylorus, duodenum 4. Utricle spot, balloon spot, ampullary crest, spiral organ
5. Nose, pharynx, waiting 6. Internal orifice of urethra, membranous part, external orifice
7. Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery 8 cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous
9. Internal carotid artery, vertebral-basilar artery 10, oculomotor accessory nucleus, superior salivary nucleus, inferior salivary nucleus, dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus of solitary tract
11. Costal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, mediastinal pleura, pleural dome 12, tricuspid valve
Four. True or False (1 point per question, 5 points in total)
1. Wrong 2, Right 3, Right 4, Wrong 5, Right
five. Questions and answers (total 35 points)
Systematic Anatomy Exam Question 5
one. Fill in the blanks (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1. The main structure of bone is, and.
2. The intervertebral disc is connected between the vertebral bodies, the central part is called, and the peripheral part is called.
3. The muscles of the ventrolateral wall are from superficial to deep, with , , and .
4. The body surface projection of the gallbladder fundus is slightly below the intersection with the gallbladder.
5. The laryngeal cavity is divided into three parts, from top to bottom.
6. The three strictures of the male urethra are , , and .
7. The uterus is divided into three parts, , and cervix.
8. The branches of the celiac trunk are, and.
9. The refractive device of the eye is composed of four parts, , , and vitreous body.
10. The spinal cord consists of a central and a peripheral.
11. The somatosensory center is located in and.
12. The common peroneal nerve goes around the neck of the fibula to the front of the calf, where it divides into and.
13. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are, and.
14. The cranial nuclei innervated by the unilateral cortical nucleus tract are and.
15. The nerves distributed in the hand are, and.
16. The arteries of the brain mainly come from and.
two. Explanation of terminology (2 points per question, 20 points in total)
1. Arch: The tarsal bone and metatarsal bone are connected to form a convex upward arch.
2. Pharyngeal isthmus: It is formed by the palate, the free edge of the palatine velum, the left and right palatoglossal arches, and the root of the tongue, and is the boundary between the oral cavity and the pharynx.
3. Gallbladder triangle: surrounded by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and the visceral surface of the liver, the cystic artery passes through it.
4. Costodiaphragmatic recess: formed by the reflexion of costopleura and diaphragmatic pleura.
5. Trigone of the bladder: the inner surface of the bladder fundus, a smooth triangular area without folds between the two ureteral openings and the internal opening of the urethra.
6. Superficial palmar arch: formed by the anastomosis of the end of the ulnar artery and the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.
7. Venous angle: the confluence of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein behind the clavicle.
8. Gray matter: In the central nervous system, where neuron cell bodies gather.
9. Epidural space: the space between the dura mater and the periosteum on the inner surface of the spinal canal.
10. Cerebral artery ring: formed by anastomosis of anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery.
three. Multiple choice questions (1 point per question, 25 points in total)
1. The following bones do not belong to long bones: ( )
A. Femur B. Humerus C. Metatarsal D. Phalanx E. Rib
2. The intervertebral foramen is: ( )
A．Foramen between vertebral bodies B. Foramen between transverse processes C. Hole enclosed by vertebral body and vertebral arch
D．Foramen enclosed by superior and inferior notches of adjacent vertebrae E. Foramen between adjacent vertebral arches
3. Which of the following is correct about the composition of ribs: ( )
A. True ribs: 1-7 ribs, false ribs: 8-12 ribs
B. True ribs: 1-5 ribs, false ribs: 6-10 ribs; floating ribs: 11-12 ribs
C. True ribs: 1-8 ribs, false ribs: 9-12 ribs;
D. True ribs: 1-7 ribs, false ribs: 8-10 ribs; floating ribs: 11-12 ribs
E. None of the above
4. Auxiliary structures of joints do not include: ( )
A．Intracapsular ligament B. Articular disc C. Meniscus D．Articular lip E. articular surface
5. Muscles belonging to the posterior arm group are: ( )
A．deltoid b. triceps c. biceps d. Coracobrachialis E. Brachialis
6. Upper gastrointestinal tract refers to: ( )
A. Mouth and pharynx B. From mouth to esophagus C. From mouth to stomach D. From mouth to duodenum E. From mouth to jejunum
7. The narrowest part of the upper airway is: ( )
A. Posterior pore B. Throat opening C. Vestibular fissure D. Glottic fissure E. The junction of the larynx and the trachea
8. The right main bronchus is characterized by: ( )
A．thin and short b. Thick and long C. Thick and short D. Thin and long E. Relatively level
9. Kidney hilar alignment in adults: ( )
A. The 11th thoracic vertebra B. 12th thoracic vertebra C. 1st lumbar vertebra D. 2nd lumbar vertebra E. 3rd lumbar vertebra
10. The male gonads are: ( )
A, seminal vesicles B, testes C, prostate D, bulbourethral glands E, epididymis
11. The following cranial nerves are mixed: ( )
A. olfactory nerve b. vagus nerveC. optic nerve d. Accessory nerve E. oculomotor nerve
12. The extraperitoneal organs are: ( )
A, kidney B, appendix C, gallbladder D, ascending colon E, liver
13. Sinus node: ( )
A．Made up of smooth muscle fibers b. Located deep in the endocardium C. no connection to atrioventricular node
D．For the normal pacemaker of the heart E. None of the above
14. The branches of the aortic arch are: ( )
A．Right subclavian artery b. Left subclavian artery C. Right common carotid artery d. Coronary arteriesE. Pulmonary trunk
15. The middle meningeal artery arises directly from: ( )
A．Internal carotid artery b. External carotid artery C. maxillary artery d. Middle cerebral artery E. superficial temporal artery
16. Great saphenous vein: ( )
A. is the deep vein of the lower extremity B. From the lateral part of the dorsal arch of the foot
C．Through the back of the medial malleolus D. Go up along the back of the calf E. into the femoral vein
17. Tympanum: ( )
A．It is a small cavity that is not connected to the outside world B. The anterior wall is the tympanic membrane C. The outer wall is the wall of the jugular vein D. The medial wall is the labyrinth wall E. mastoid wall
18. The lower end of the adult spinal cord is approximately flat: ( )
A. The lower edge of the first lumbar vertebra B, the lower edge of the second lumbar vertebra C, the lower edge of the third lumbar vertebra D, the first sacral vertebra E, none of the above is correct
19. The special visceral motor nucleus of the cranial nerve is: ( )
A, abducens nerve nucleus B, oculomotor nerve nucleus C, facial nerve nucleus D, hypoglossal nerve nucleus E, dorsal vagus nerve nucleus
20. Transverse temporal gyrus is: ( )
A. Visual center B. Auditory center C. Sensory language center D. Motor language center
E. Body motor center
twenty one. Neostriatum refers to: ( )
A．caudate nucleus b. lenticular nucleus C. caudate nucleus and putamen d. caudate nucleus and putamen
E．caudate nucleus and globus pallidum
twenty two. The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle is: ( )
A．Axillary nerve b. Musculocutaneous nerve C. radial nerve d. Ulnar nerve E. median nerve
twenty three. Which of the following nerve injuries produces "claw hand": ( )
A. Median nerve B. Ulnar nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. Axillary nerve
twenty four. The structures passing through the jugular foramen are: ( )
A. Auditory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein
B. Hypoglossal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein
C. Hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, internal jugular vein
D. Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, internal jugular vein E, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, internal jugular vein
25．The only cranial nerves attached to the dorsal side of the brainstem are: ( )
A, trochlear nerve B, oculomotor nerve C, abducens nerve D, optic nerve E, facial nerve
Four. True or False (1 point per question, 5 points in total)
1. The cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spine are kyphosis. ( )
2. The main site of human digestion and absorption is the small intestine. ( )
3. The septal fleshy column is located in the right ventricle. ( )
4. The most sensitive part of the retina is the optic disc. ( )
5. The auditory receptors of the inner ear are spiral organs. ( )
five. Questions and answers (30 points in total)
1. What are the openings in the diaphragm? What structure does each adopt? ①Aortic hiatus through which the aorta and thoracic duct pass. (②Esophageal hiatus, esophagus and vagus nerve pass. ③Caval hiatus, inferior vena cava passes. (3 points)
2. Which joints make up the elbow joint? What kind of sports do you focus on? ① Humeroradial joint, ② Humeroulnar joint, ③ Proximal radioulnar joint, flexion and extension (2 points).
3. What are the parts of the stomach? ①cardia, ②fundus of stomach, ③body of stomach, ④pylorus
4. What are the parts of the fallopian tubes? ① Uterus, ② Isthmus, ③ Ampulla, ④ Infundibulum (2 points)
5. What are the main anastomotic routes between the hepatic portal vein and the superior and inferior vena cava? ①Anastomose with superior vena cava through esophageal venous plexus ②Anastomose with inferior vena cava through rectal venous plexus ③Anastomose with superior and inferior vena cava through perumbilical venous network (3 points)
6. Briefly describe the names of the tertiary neurons in the superficial sensory conduction pathway of the trunk and limbs. ①spinal ganglion ②lamina I, IV-VII of dorsal horn of spinal cord ③ventroposterolateral nucleus of dorsal thalamus (3 points)
7. Which blood vessels and nerves run through the cavernous sinus? ① Internal carotid artery ② Abducens nerve ③ Oculomotor nerve ④ Trochlear nerve ⑤ Ophthalmic nerve ⑥ Maxillary nerve (3 points)
8. Injecting antibiotics into the cephalic vein to treat facial scabies, how does the drug reach the affected area? ) cephalic vein → axillary vein → subclavian vein → brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → aortic arch → common carotid artery → external carotid artery → Facial artery → face (6 points)
9. What are the parts of the inner capsule? What are the main projection fiber tracts? ① Forelimb of internal capsule: anterior thalamic radiation, frontopontine bundle ②Genucle of internal capsule: cortical nuclear tract ③Hinterior limb of internal capsule: central thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, visual radiation, auditory radiation
Systematic anatomy test questions 5 standard answers
one. Fill in the blanks (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1 bone, periosteum, bone marrow 2 nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus 3 external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis 4 midclavicular line, right costal arch 5 laryngeal vestibule, middle laryngeal cavity, subglottic cavity 6 urethral opening , membranous portion, external urethral opening 7 uterine fundus, uterine body 8 left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery 9 cornea, aqueous humor, lens 10 gray matter, white matter 11 postcentral gyrus, posterior paracentral lobule 12 superficial peroneal nerve, peroneal nerve Deep nerve 13 ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve 14 hypoglossal nerve nucleus, inferior half of facial nerve nucleus 15 median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve 16 internal carotid artery, vertebral-basilar artery
three. Multiple choice questions (1 point for each sub-question, 25 points in total)
1、E 2、D 3、D 4、E 5、B 6、D 7、D 8、C 9、C 10、B 11、B 12、A 13、D 14、B 15、C 16、E 17、D 18、A 19、C 20、B 21、D 22、A 23、B 24、D 25、A
Four. True or False (1 point per question, 5 points in total)
1, wrong, 2, right 3, right 4, wrong 5, right
Systematic Anatomy Question 6
one. Fill in the blanks (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1. Osteoarthritis is the main component of bone, expressed in two forms: ___________ and ___________.
2. The joint capsule is composed of connective tissue, which can be divided into inner and outer layers in structure. The inner layer is the outer layer.
3. The common bile duct is made of ___ ___ and _ ___ __.
4. The laryngeal cavity is divided into three parts, from top to bottom.
5. From the outside to the inside, the capsule of the kidney is followed by , , and .
6. The uterus is divided into three parts, _______ ____, ___ ________ and cervix.
7. According to its stroke, the aorta can be divided into , , and descending aorta.
8. The hepatic portal vein is composed of and synthesized.
9. The nervous system is made up of two parts _ __ __ and _____ __.
10. The spinal cord consists of a central __ __ surrounded by ___ __.
11. From top to bottom, the brainstem can be divided into three parts: , , and .
12. The motor language (speaking) center is located; the auditory language (obedient) center is located; the visual language (reading) center is located; and the writing center is located.
13. The nerves innervating the vastus anterior, hamstring hamstring, and vastus medialis muscles are _ , ____ and ______, respectively.
14. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are ___ ___, _______ ____ and _________ __.
15. The cranial nuclei innervated by the unilateral cortical nucleus tract are and.
16. The nerves distributed in the hand are, and.
two. Explanation of terminology (2 points per question, 20 points in total)
1. Sternal angle: The junction of the sternal manubrium and the body slightly protrudes forward and is called the sternal angle, flat against the second costal cartilage.
2. Scale gap: surrounded by the anterior and middle obliques and the first rib, through which the subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass.
3. Intervertebral Disc: A disc of fibrocartilage that connects two adjacent vertebral bodies.
4. Gallbladder triangle: a triangular region surrounded by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and the visceral side of the liver.
5. Mediastinum: The general term for all organs, structures and connective tissues between the left and right mediastinal pleura.
6. Arterial ligament: the cord of connective tissue between the slightly left side of the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and the lower edge of the aortic arch, which is a remnant formed after the ductus arteriosus is closed during the embryonic period.
7. Vein angle: The junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins behind the clavicle.
8. Nerve nucleus: Outside the cortex of the central nervous system, neuronal cell bodies with similar morphology and function gather together.
9. Epidural Space: The space between the dura mater and the periosteum on the inner surface of the spinal canal.
10. Cerebral artery ring: formed by the anastomosis of anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery.
three. Multiple choice questions (1 point per question, 25 points in total)
1. The middle of the back of the humerus has: ( )
A. The ulnar nerve groove. B. radial nerve groove C. Greater nodule D. Small nodules E. olecranon fossa
2. Belonging to the face and skull are: ( )
A．frontal bone b. Sphenoid C．inferior turbinate D. Temporal boneE. occiput
3. Which of the statements about the thoracic spine is incorrect: ( )
A．A total of 12 B. There is a transverse foramen on the transverse process C. Vertebral sides and transverse process tips
The front of the end has a concavity D. The spinous process extends posteriorly and inferiorly E. Participate in the formation of the thorax
4. The largest and most complex joints in the body are: ( )
A．knee joint b. shoulder joint c. hip d. Elbow joint E Mandibular joint
5. The lower gastrointestinal tract refers to: ( ) A, the mouth to the duodenum B, the mouth to the stomach C, the esophagus to the duodenum D, the cecum to the rectum E, the part below the jejunum
6. The maxillary sinus opens in: ( )
A, upper nasal meatus B, lower nasal meatus C, middle nasal meatus D, sphenoethmoid recess E, none of the above
7. The body surface projection of the lower lung border intersects at the midaxillary line at: ( )
A．5th rib B. 6th rib C. 7th rib D. 8th rib E. 9th rib
8. The division of parietal pleura does not include: ( )
A. Costal pleura B. Diaphragmatic pleura C. Pulmonary pleuraD. The roof of the pleura E. Mediastinal pleura9
. Ureter: ( )
A. It starts from the renal pelvis B. It is an intraperitoneal organ C. It can be divided into two parts of the abdomen and pelvis D. It opens at the bladder neck E. There are two narrow parts
10. Bladder: ( )
A．Belongs to the intraperitoneal organs B. Located in the small pelvic cavity when empty
C．The apex of the bladder is the internal opening of the urethra D. Behind the bladder neck is the prostate gland E. ureter opens into bladder
11. The ejaculatory duct opens in: ( )
A, bladder B, seminal vesicles C, urethral membranous D, urethral bulb E, urethral prostate
12. Female gonads are: ( )
A, clitoris B, vestibular bulb C, bartholin gland D, mammary gland E, ovary
13. The organs belonging to the intraperitoneal site are: ( )
A．Ascending colon B. uterusC．ureterD．appendixE．pancreatic
14. The superior thyroid artery generally comes from: ( )
A, common carotid artery B, thyroid neck trunk C, internal carotid artery D, external carotid artery E, none of the above
15. The thoracic duct is often injected: ( )
A. Right venous angle B. Left venous angle C. superior vena cava d. Internal static in the left neck E. brachiocephalic vein
16. The lower end of the adult spinal cord is approximately flat: ( )
A, the first sacral vertebra B, the lower border of the third lumbar vertebra C, the lower border of the second lumbar vertebra D, the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra E, none of the above is correct
17. Medial lemniscus: ( )
A. Fibers come from the ipsilateral gracilis nucleus and cuneiform nucleus B, up to the medial nucleus of the thalamus
C. Ascending through the outside of the trapezoidal body D. Transmitting conscious proprioception of the trunk and limbs
E. Finally, the anterior limb of the internal capsule ends at the central posterior gyrus
18. Belonging to the general body motor nucleus of the brainstem is; ( )
A, oculomotor nucleus B, trochlear nerve nucleus C, abducens nerve nucleus D, hypoglossal nerve nucleus E, all of the above
19. The nerves innervating the biceps brachii are: ( )
A, ulnar nerve B, radial nerve C, median nerve D, axillary nerve E, musculocutaneous nerve
20. The fiber bundles passing through the genu of the internal capsule are: ( )
A．Medial lemniscus B. cortical nuclei c. Corticospinal tractD. Spinothalamic tract E. apparent radiation
twenty one. The auditory center is located in: ( )
A, precentral gyrus B, postcentral gyrus C, transverse temporal gyrus D, angular gyrus E, supramarginal gyrus
twenty two. Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus are vulnerable: ( )
A. Ulnar nerve B. Axillary nerve C. Radial nerve D. Median nerve E. Musculocutaneous nerve
twenty three. Which of the following nerve injuries produces "claw hand": ( )
A. Ulnar nerve B. Median nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. Axillary nerve
twenty four. The nerves that do not belong to the sacral plexus are: ( )
A, sciatic nerve B, superior gluteal nerve C, femoral nerve D, inferior gluteal nerve E, pudendal nerve
25．The nerves that innervate the muscles of mastication are: ( )
A．facial nerve b. Maxillary nerve C. mandibular nerve d. Hypoglossal nerve E. glossopharyngeal nerve
Four. True or False (1 point per question, 5 points in total)
1. The cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spine are convex forward. ( )
2. Characteristic structures of the cecum and colon are the colonic bands, colonic pouches, and fat pendants. ( )
3. The kidney area is located between the lateral border of the erector spinae and the 11th rib. ( )
4. The most sensitive part of the retina is the fovea of the macula. ( )
5. The cell bodies of the third-order neurons of the visual pathway are in the medial geniculate body. ( )
five. Questions and answers (30 points in total)
1. Briefly describe the four walls of the inguinal canal. ①Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique muscle ②Posterior wall: transverse fascia and inguinal falx ③Upper wall: internal oblique muscle and the arcuate lower border of the transverse abdominus ④Inferior wall: inguinal ligament (4 points )
2. Where are the physiological strictures of the esophagus located? How many centimeters are the distances from the central incisors? ① Where the pharynx and esophagus transition, 15 cm away from the central incisor ② Intersection with the left main bronchus, 25 cm away from the central incisor (1 point) ③ Through the esophageal hiatus, 40 cm away from the central incisor (3 points)
3. What are the ligaments that hold the uterus in place? ①The broad ligament of the uterus,②The round ligament of the uterus,③The cardinal ligament of the uterus,④The sacrouterine ligament (2 points).
4. What are the main anastomotic routes between the hepatic portal vein and the superior and inferior vena cava? ①Anastomose with superior vena cava through esophageal venous plexus ②Anastomose with inferior vena cava through rectal venous plexus ③Anastomose with superior and inferior vena cava through perumbilical venous network (3 points)
5. What are the relatively constant superficial veins in the upper extremity? ①The cephalic vein ②The basilic vein ③The median cubital vein (3 points)
6. Briefly describe the components of the refractive system of the eye. ① cornea ② aqueous humor ③ lens ④ vitreous (2 points)
7. Which blood vessels and nerves run through the cavernous sinus? ① Internal carotid artery ② Abducens nerve ③ Oculomotor nerve ④ Trochlear nerve ⑤ Ophthalmic nerve ⑥ Maxillary nerve (3 points)
8. What are the nerves on the tongue? What are the functions of each? ①The lingual nerve of the trigeminal nerve manages the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 mucosa of the tongue (②The chorda tympani of the facial nerve governs the taste sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (③The glossopharyngeal nerve governs the general sensation and taste of the posterior 1/3 mucosa ④Hypoglossal nerve Movements that innervate the tongue muscles (4 points)
9. When antibiotics are injected into the great saphenous vein to treat cholecystitis, how does the drug reach the affected area?
Great saphenous vein → femoral vein → external iliac vein → common iliac vein → inferior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → abdominal aorta → celiac trunk → common hepatic artery → proper hepatic artery → cystic artery → gallbladder
Systematic anatomy test questions 6 standard answers
one. Fill in the blanks (0, 5 points for each blank, 20 points in total)
1 Cortical bone, cancellous bone 2 Fibrous membrane, synovium 3 Common hepatic duct, cystic duct 4 Laryngeal vestibule, middle laryngeal cavity, subglottic cavity 5 Renal fascia, fat capsule, fibrous capsule 6 Uterine fundus, uterine body 7 L main Artery, aortic arch 8 superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein 9 central nervous system, peripheral nervous system 10 gray matter, white matter 11 midbrain, pons, medulla 12 posterior inferior frontal gyrus, posterior superior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, posterior middle frontal gyrus 13 femoral nerve, sciatic nerve, obturator nerve 14 ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve 15 hypoglossal nerve nucleus, inferior half of facial nerve nucleus 16 median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve
two. Explanation of terminology (2 points per question, 20 points in total)
three. Multiple choice questions (1 point for each sub-question, 25 points in total)
1、B 2、C 3、B 4、A 5、E 6、C 7、D 8、C 9、A 10、B 11、E 12、E 13、D 14、D 15、B 16、D 17、D 18、E 19、E 20、B 21、C 22、B 23、A 24、C 25、C
Four. True or False (1 point per question, 5 points in total)
1, right 2, right 3, wrong 4, right 5, wrong
Systematic Anatomy Exam Papers and Reference Answers
fill in the blank
1. The motor system consists of three parts: ___________, ___________ and ____________.
2. According to the shape of bones, bones can be divided into four types: ___________, _________, _________ and __________.
3. The structure of bone is mainly composed of _________, ________ and _________, in addition to blood vessels and nerves.
4. The upper and lower dental arches divide the oral cavity into two parts: the front _________ and the back _________.
5. The pharynx is surrounded by _________, _________ and _________.
6. The tongue is divided by _________ into the _________ of the front 2/3 and the _________ of the back 1/3.
7. Laryngeal cartilage includes single _________, _________, _________ and paired _________.
8. The adult renal hilum is approximately level with the ___________ vertebral body, and the projection of the renal hilum on the posterior abdominal wall is generally within the angle formed by the lateral border of ___________ and the ___________ rib.
9. Generally, the upper end of the left kidney is about level with the lower edge of the ___________ vertebral body, and the upper end of the right kidney is about level with the ___________ vertebral body.
10. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the confluence of the end of ___________ and the excretory duct of ___________.
11. The outlet of the right atrium is called ____________, and there is a coronary sinus ostium between it and ____________.
12. The entrance to the right ventricle is called ____________ and the exit is ____________.
13. The entrance of the left ventricle is called _____________, and the exit is ____________.
14. There are _____________ on the periphery of the atrial choke, each of which is connected to the papillary muscle by _____________.
15. The ciliary body is located between ___________ and ___________, and the smooth muscle contained in it is called ___________. The contraction and relaxation of this muscle can regulate ___________.
16. The optic part of the retina is composed of three types of neurons, which are ___________, ___________ and ___________ from outside to inside.
17. The neostriatum includes _________ and _________.
18. The capsules of the brain and spinal cord are _________, _________ and _________ from outside to inside.
19. The spinothalamic tract arises from the _________ nucleus on the _________ side.
20. The cranial nerves attached to the midbrain are the nerves _________ and _________ nerves.
2. Single choice questions
Each vertebra has ( )
transverse process
transverse foramen
forked spinous process
superior and inferior articular processes
Rib cavity
Characteristics of the thoracic spine ( )
A has transverse foramen
spinous process bifurcation
Lateral vertebral ribs
No obvious superior and inferior articular processes
large and stout vertebrae
3. What surrounds the vertebral foramen is ( )
A. The upper and lower adjacent pedicles
B. Pedicle and lamina
C. Vertebral body and vertebral arch
D. The upper and lower adjacent spinous processes
E. Upper and lower adjacent vertebral arches
4. The duct of the submandibular gland opens at ( )
tongue tie
sublingual monsoon
Lingual tonsils
sublingual fold
tongue base
5. The second stricture of the esophagus is in ( )
start
Perforating the diaphragm
Intersection with left main bronchus
Intersection with right main bronchus
junction with stomach
6. Which of the following statements about emptiness and ileum is wrong ( )
Fixed to the posterior abdominal wall by the small mesentery
The jejunum occupies the lower 3/5 of the total length of the ileum
The ileum is located in the lower right portion of the abdominal cavity
Isolated lymphoid follicles in the jejunum
Peyer's lymphoid follicles in ileum
7. Which belongs to the lower respiratory tract is ( )
mouth
nose
pharynx
trachea
throat
8. Kidney ( )
Long axis is vertical
behind the peritoneum
Right side is higher than left side
Female kidneys are taller than male kidneys
The 12th rib obliquely crosses the lower part of the right kidney
9. What does not pass through the kidney door is ( )
ureter
renal artery
renal vein
nerve
lymphatic vessel
10. Testicles ( )
medial adjacent epididymis
vas deferens
There are blood vessels and nerves entering and exiting at the posterior edge
Looks like a broad bean
seminal vesicle
11. The left atrium has ( )
aortic port
fossa ovale
2 pulmonary vein ostia
coronary sinus ostium
4 pulmonary vein ostia
12. The fossa ovale is located in ( )
right atrium posterior wall
Right ventricular surface of interventricular septum
right atrial surface of interatrial septum
left ventricle side of interventricular septum
left atrial surface of interatrial septum
13. fossa ovale ( )
on the right side of the interventricular septum
On the left atrial surface of the interatrial septum
on the left side of the interventricular septum
present at birth
is a relic of foramen ovale atresia
14. Coronary arteries ( )
Just nourish the blood vessels of the heart
from the origin of the aortic trunk
Walk in the anterior and posterior compartments
Distributed only in the left and right ventricular walls
only one
15. The structure belonging to the outer membrane of the eyeball is ( )
retina
Choroid
iris
sclera
ciliary body
16. The structure belonging to the middle membrane of the eyeball is ( )
cornea
sclera
ciliary body
retina
Vitreous body
17. The functional properties of the nucleus propria of the posterior horn of the spinal cord are ( )
body movement
somatosensory
visceral feeling
sympathy
Parasympathetic
18. The spinal ganglion is located in ( )
anterior root of spinal nerve
anterior branch of spinal nerve
dorsal root of spinal nerve
dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
spinal nerve trunk
19. The structure that does not belong to the hypothalamus is ( )
papillary body
lateral geniculate body
Ash nodules
optic chiasm
funnel
20. The nerve nucleus located in the medulla is ( )
dentate nucleus
Thin bundle nuclei
lenticular nucleus
caudate nucleus
facial nerve nucleus
Three, multiple choice questions
1. The possible movements of the spine are ( )
Bend
stretch
lateral flexion
to rotate
go around
2. Which belongs to the digestive gland is ( )
liver
spleen
pancreatic
parotid gland
adrenal gland
3. The paranasal sinuses that open into the middle meatus are ( )
frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
preethmoid group
Retroethmoid group
sphenoid sinus
4. Kidney ( )
for solid organs
adrenal glands
Lower end with ureter
interperitoneal organ
Divided into cortex and medulla
5. Testicles ( )
located in the scrotum
One of the accessory glands of the male genitalia
epididymis
blood supply from internal iliac artery
Nerves and blood vessels enter and exit at the posterior edge
6. The right ventricle has ( )
aortic port
Pulmonary opening
Conus arteriosus
comb muscle
aortic vestibule
7. Visible in the left ventricle ( )
coronary sinus ostium
Chordae
aortic port
papillary muscle
tricuspid valve
8. Retina ( )
inside the membrane
Divided into outer pigment part and inner nerve part
All nerves are sensitive to light
macula temporal to optic disc
The fovea is the most sensitive part of the photosensitive color
9. The composition of the brain stem includes ( )
diencephalon
cerebellum
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
10. The structure belonging to the hypothalamus is ( )
lateral geniculate body
papillary body
Ash nodules
pituitary
optic chiasm
4. Explanation of terms
1. The ligamentum flavum connects the elastic fibers of two adjacent vertebral arch plates.
2. Duodenal suspension muscle The duodenal suspension muscle is connected between the duodenum-jejunal flexure and the posterior abdominal wall, and is an important clinical sign to determine the beginning of the jejunum
3. Upper Respiratory Tract Clinically, the nose, pharynx, and larynx are referred to as the upper respiratory tract.
4. The renal sinus extends from the renal hilum to the caeca-like cavity in the renal parenchyma, which contains the small calyces, the major calyces, the renal pelvis, the branches of the renal artery, the branches of the renal vein, nerves, lymphatic vessels and adipose tissue.
5. The vaginal fornix is the annular gap at the upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervicovaginal part, which can be divided into anterior, posterior and bilateral fornix.
6. The fossa ovale is a shallow fossa in the lower part of the right side of the atrial septum, which is the relic of the atresia of the foramen ovale after birth in the fetal period, and atrial septal defects often occur here.
7. The pericardial cavity is the cavity between the heart and the wall of the serous pericardium, which contains a small amount of serous fluid, which can reduce the friction during heartbeat.
8. The iridocornea is in the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eyeball, and the junction of the iris and the cornea forms the iridocorneal angle.
9. Nerve nucleus is a group of neuron cell bodies similar in function and shape in the central nervous system.
10. Gray matter is in the central nervous system, where neuron cell bodies and dendrites gather into pieces, dark gray in color
5. Quiz
1. What are the structural characteristics of the shoulder joint? The humeral head is large, the glenoid is small, and the joint capsule is loose. So flexibility outweighs stability.
2. How many pairs of major salivary glands are there? Where do their ducts open? There are three pairs of parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands. The parotid duct opens on the buccal mucosa opposite the maxillary second molar. The submandibular duct opens into the sublingual monsoon. The duct of the sublingual gland opens in the sublingual caruncle, and some other small ducts open in the sublingual fold
How many pairs of paranasal sinuses are there? Where are the openings? There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses: maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus. The superior collar sinus, frontal sinus, preethmoid group and middle group open in the middle meatus, the retroethmoid group opens in the upper meatus, and the sphenoid sinus opens in the sphenoethmoid recess.
What is the difference in position between the left and right kidneys? The upper end of the left kidney is level with the lower edge of the 11th thoracic vertebra, and the lower end is level with the lower edge of the second lumbar vertebral body. Influenced by the liver, the right kidney is half a vertebral body lower than the left kidney, its upper end is equal to the 12th thoracic vertebral body, and its lower end is equal to the third lumbar vertebral body. The 12th rib obliquely crosses the upper part behind the right kidney and the middle part behind the left kidney.
What are the parts of the male urethra? What are the bends and stenosis? The male urethra is divided into the prostate, membranous and cavernous parts. There are two bends of the pubic bone and the pubic lordosis, and 3 strictures are located at the internal orifice of the urethra, the membranous part of the urethra and the external orifice of the urethra.
What is the surface boundary between the atrium and the ventricle and the left and right ventricle? The surface boundary between the atrium and the ventricle is the coronal sulcus. The surface boundary between the left and right ventricles is marked by the anterior and posterior interventricular grooves.
What are the structures of the right atrium? The right atrium has the right atrial appendage, comb muscle, superior vena cava orifice, inferior vena cava orifice, coronary sinus ostium, right atrioventricular orifice and fossa ovalis.
What structures does the external light pass through to be projected onto the retina? The external light passes through the cornea → anterior chamber → building hole → posterior aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina.
What fibers do the nucleus propria of the posterior horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord and the motor cells of the anterior horn receive? What structures do the fibers (axons) send out form? Where does the latter end? The afferent fibers cross to the contralateral spinothalamic tract through the anterior commissure of the white matter, and end in the ventral posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus. Motor cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord receive fibers from the corticospinal tract and send out fibers that form the somatic motor fibers of the spinal nerve.
10. Where do the thin fascicles and cuneate bundles originate? Where do they end? What are their functions? The thin fascicles and cuneate fascicles originate from (ipsilateral) spinal ganglion, end at the gracilis nucleus and cuneus nucleus respectively, and conduct to the ipsilateral neck Following deep sense and fine touch.
Answer (1)
1. Fill in the blanks
1. bone, bony junction, skeletal muscle
2. Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones
3. Bone, bone marrow, periosteum
4. Oral vestibule, oral cavity propria
5. Palatine, palatoglossal arch, tongue root
6. Boundary groove, tongue body, tongue root
7. Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis cartilage, arytenoid cartilage
8.1 Lumbar, erector spinae, 12
9.11 chest, 12 chest
10. Vas deferens, seminal vesicles
11. Right atrioventricular orifice, inferior vena cava orifice
12. Right atrioventricular orifice, pulmonary artery orifice
13. Left atrioventricular orifice, aortic orifice
14. Atrioventricular valve, chordae
15. Choroid, iris, ciliary muscle, lens refractive index (or convexity)
16. Visual cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, ganglion cells
17. Caudate nucleus, putamen
18. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
19. Yes, the nucleus propria of the posterior horn
20. eye movement, pulley
multiple choice questions
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.E 12.C 13.E 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.B
Three, multiple choice questions
1.ABCDE 2.ACD 3.ABC 4.ABE 5.ACE 6.BC 7.BCD 8.ABDE 9.CDE 10.BCDE
4. Explanation of terms
5. Quiz