Commodity Science Mock Exam Questions and Reference Answers
1. Explanation of terms: 15%
National Standards: Standards (or technical requirements) that are approved and issued by the national standardization authority and are uniform throughout the country.
Product reliability : refers to the ability of the product to complete the specified function within a certain period of use and under certain conditions during the actual use process.
Respiration (of organic commodities) : refers to the phenomenon that an organism’s commodity continuously breathes during its life activities, decomposes organic matter in the body, generates heat energy, and maintains its own life activities.
Entry-exit animal and plant quarantine: usually refers to the entry-exit animal and plant quarantine, which refers to the inspection by government departments to prevent animal infectious diseases, parasitic diseases and plant dangerous sexual diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms from being artificially introduced into and out of the country. comprehensive measures taken.
Quality certification : A recognized authoritative organization conducts a qualification appraisal on whether the enterprise's quality system, products, processes or services meet quality requirements, standards, norms and relevant government regulations, and provides documented certification activities.
2. Fill in the blanks: 30%
1. Many category names formed according to the ____ _use_ ____ of the commodity , such as toys, pharmaceuticals, etc., have become fixed proper nouns.
2. Textile fibers can be divided into ___ _ _natural_ ______ fibers and ____ __chemical_ ____ fibers according to their sources.
3. Chemical fertilizers are classified according to their main chemical components and can be divided into nitrogen fertilizers, ____ _phosphate fertilizers_ _____ and ___ __potassium fertilizers__ ____.
4. The full Chinese of the standardization organization CAC is ____________ Codex Alimentarius Commission_ ____________.
5. According to the United Nations International Trade Standard Classification, it is customary to call the 0~4 types of commodities as ___primary products_______ , and the 5th~8 types of commodities as _______ _manufactured products___ ____ .
6. Commodity standards can be divided into ___ __document standards___ __ and ___ __material standards__ ___ according to their expression forms .
7. There are three methods of product quality supervision: spot check quality supervision, __ _evaluation type quality supervision__ __ and _ _arbitration type quality supervision____ .
8. The International Article Numbering Association stipulates that it is reasonable to apply for the shortened version of the barcode only when the area occupied by the standard version of the barcode exceeds __25__% of the total printing area.
9. Commodity packaging should meet the basic requirements of "scientific, _ _ economical _ _ , _ _ solid _ _ , beautiful and marketable".
3. True or false judgment: 15%
(√) 1. The molecule of a polymer compound is formed by repeated connections of units (monomers) with a certain structure.
( √ ) 2. In general, flexible products have higher bending strength.
(√) 3. Microbiological testing method is an important method and means to judge the hygienic quality of commodities.
(√) 4. Commodity quality in the modern sense is a combination of the intrinsic quality and appearance quality of the commodity.
(√) 5. Commodities are labor products produced for exchange, and have two factors: use value and value.
(√) 6. The United Nations International Trade Standard Classification System adopts a 5-digit code.
(√) 7. In general, products without voluntary certification can also be sold in the market.
(√) 8. The container is not only a means of transportation, but also a packaging method and a packaging container.
(√) 9. The certification mark does not involve the information of the product provider at all, and does not indicate the source of the product.
(×) 10. Type test mainly refers to the process of randomly selecting samples from the market, inspecting them by an independent inspection agency recognized by the state, and confirming that the quality meets the standards.
( × ) 11. Economic effect of standardization = useful effect of standardization × standardized labor cost
( √ ) 12. When foreign trade enterprises directly purchase commodities, they send factory personnel to product manufacturers to conduct quality supervision and inspection, which belongs to consumer quality supervision.
(√) 13. Some countries such as the United States and the European Union often impose restrictions on imported goods under the pretext of safeguarding human health, safety, sanitation and protecting the environment.
(×) 14. Proper padding is one of the commonly used cushioning techniques for shrink packaging.
(×) 15. The essence of standardization is "to obtain the best order and social benefits".
4. Multiple choice questions: 10%
1. China's compulsory product certification system stipulates that ______2______ will be added to certified products.
1. CCIB mark 2. CCC mark 3. Great Wall mark
2. Inorganic salt is the non-volatile matter left after the material is calcined at high temperature (550-600°C), also known as ______1______.
1. Minerals 2. Impurities 3. Carbohydrates
3. There are 14 categories of silk fabrics, such as silk and satin, which are the result of classification according to _____1_______.
1. The processing and manufacturing method of the commodity 2. The nature of the commodity 3. The appearance of the commodity
4. The International Maritime Dangerous Regulations classify dangerous goods into _______1________.
1. 9 categories 2. 10 categories 3. 21 categories
5. The standard code-named DB31/T is a ________3_________.
1. Industry standard 2. International standard 3. Local standard
6. The so-called internal control standard mainly refers to a type of _______2_______. 1. Industry standards 2. Enterprise standards 3. Local standards
7. The method of testing the quality of goods by simulating actual use or consumers' actual use is called ______3______ .
1. Sensory test method 2. Physical and chemical test method 3. Practical test method
8. The prefix code assigned to International Standard Periodicals by the International Article Numbering Association is ______3______.
1. 979 2. 978 3. 977
9. The English acronym for the Harmonized System is ______3______.
1. CCCN 2. SITC 3. HS
10. The United States, Japan, Canada, Europe and many other countries have banned the use of straw as packaging padding materials, the purpose of which is ______1______.
1. Prevent the spread of harmful organisms 2. Prevent fires caused by flammable materials 3. Prevent unsanitary materials from contaminating products
5. Calculation questions: 5%
There is 10 tons of raw silk for export, and the agreed standard moisture regain rate between the buyer and the seller is 11%, and its clean weight is measured by taking some samples from the goods. Assuming that 10 kg of raw silk is extracted, the water is removed by scientific methods, leaving 8 kg of dry raw silk. Find the quantity of this batch of exported raw silk.
Answer: Quantity = clean weight of the product + official moisture regain × clean weight of the product
10 kg. The normal weight of raw silk = 8 + 8 * 11% = 8.88 kg.
Therefore, the normal weight of 10 tons of raw silk is 8.88 tons.
6. Short answer questions: 25%
1. What are the advantages of using carton packaging for products?
Answer: The advantages of using carton packaging are as follows:
1. It is convenient for mechanized production and packing and sealing flow operation, high production efficiency, and easy to realize packaging standardization
;
3. The cost of use and circulation is low. The price of a three-layer corrugated box with the same inner diameter is only 1/3 of that of a wooden box, and it can save about 20% of the freight ; Refitting two cartons can also save more than 10% of the freight;
4. It is clean and firm, and can be tightly sealed. When the box is covered with a plastic lining, it has good dust-proof and moisture-proof performance, so it can effectively protect the safety of the product; 5.
Empty The box is easy to fold and lay flat, which saves storage capacity when stacked, is easy to carry, and is easier to handle or recycle than wooden boxes after use; 6. It is easy to leave
traces of stolen goods in the box, so it can effectively prevent goods from being stolen. The insurance company accepts the water damage insurance and theft and delivery insured during sea transportation.
2. Briefly describe the reasons for the mildew of the product
Answer: The mildew and deterioration of the product is the result of the decomposition of the components of the product due to the contamination, growth and reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds and yeasts. Mold and rot are organic commodities, especially food, which are prone to deterioration during circulation. However, textiles, leather products, paper, wood and their products may also become mildewed under conditions suitable for the growth and reproduction of molds, which will reduce their mechanical strength and quality, and in severe cases completely lose their use value.
3. From what aspects should we understand the safety and hygiene of commodities?
Answer: On the one hand, safety and sanitation refers to the performance of guaranteeing the personal safety and health of users in the production and circulation of commodities, especially in the process of use. For example, food should not contain toxic substances and harmful microorganisms, and must meet hygienic requirements; clothing and fabrics that contact human skin should not contain substances that are irritating to the human body, and should have good air permeability and moisture absorption; household appliances must Have good insulation and protective devices to avoid electric shock to users; children's toys must be able to effectively prevent children from being stabbed and swallowing foreign objects.
On the other hand, the safety and hygiene of commodities means that commodities will not cause harm to the society and human living environment during the stages of production, circulation, consumption and disposal, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise, radiation, waste pollution and other public hazards. and modern social issues. In modern society, people pay more and more attention to the social requirements related to safety and sanitation, and environmental protection has become a major theme in today's society.
4. What are the important aspects of commodity safety performance inspection?
Answer: The purpose of safety performance inspection is to protect the safety of people, animals, objects and the environment. If the product does not meet the required safety standards, it may pose a safety hazard or potential danger. The importance of commodity safety performance inspection is also reflected in the fact that if there is a safety problem with the commodity, the responsible party must not only make compensation and bear the corresponding legal responsibility, but the huge adverse effects will sometimes spread to other countries and regions, making the importing country or consumers There is a sense of distrust of the commodity, which hinders the continued circulation and trade of the commodity.
4. Important concepts:
1. Commodity Quality Management P182, Commodity Inspection P27
3. Commodity Quality Supervision P474, Respiration P875, Amino Acid Pattern P98
V. Important principles: 1. Reasonable commodity packaging should meet the requirements of the country. P67
2. Principles of commodity storage (Supplementary content of Chapter 6) 3. What are the necessary standards for green food P102
1. It refers to the activities of all management functions that determine the quality policy, objectives and responsibilities and implement them in the quality system through such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement.
2. It refers to the quality, specification, quantity and Inspect packaging and other aspects, and make a judgment on whether it is qualified or passed the acceptance, or issue various relevant certificates in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of both buyers and sellers, avoid or resolve disputes over various risk losses and division of responsibilities, and facilitate the delivery and settlement of commodities. Business Activity.
3. According to the national quality regulations and commodity quality standards, the commodity quality supervision agency designated by the state supervises the commodity and quality assurance system in the field of production and circulation. There are two types of commodity quality supervision in our country: national quality supervision and social quality supervision.
4. Refers to the process in which energy substances (mainly sugars) in living organisms are gradually degraded into simple substances and release energy under the action of redox enzymes. Respiration is divided into aerobic respiration and anoxic respiration. The heat generated by aerobic respiration is partly used for the energy of the physiological activities of fresh food, and partly released into the external environment, which can increase the temperature of the storage environment and accelerate the decay and deterioration of fresh food. Anoxic respiration is essentially alcohol fermentation, and the final alcohol and intermediate product acetaldehyde will destroy the tissue of fresh food and make it rot.
5. When the human body utilizes various proteins, it not only requires a complete range and sufficient quantity of essential amino acids, but also requires the mutual ratio of various essential amino acids to meet the needs of the human body. This mutual ratio is also known as the amino acid pattern.
Five, important principles
1. ⑴ should adapt to commodity characteristics
⑵ should adapt to transportation conditions
⑶ should be "appropriate, moderate"
⑷ should be standardized, generalized, serialized
⑸ should be green and environmentally friendly
2. ⑴Reduce or eliminate the loss of commodity storage; ⑵The storage of commodities should be conducive to the convenience of sending and receiving and inventory; warehouse space utilization.
3. Green food refers to non-polluting safe, high-quality and nutritious food. In our country, relevant departments have determined four necessary standards for this purpose. That is, the origin of the product or the raw material of the product must comply with the ecological environment standards of green food; the planting of crops, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and food processing must comply with the operating procedures for green food production; Standards; the outer packaging of the product must comply with the general standards for national food labels and the specific packaging, decoration and labeling regulations for green food.
1. Commodity code (P97)
Commodity codes, also known as commodity codes, refer to the use of certain representative symbols to represent a certain type of commodity. Symbols can be letters, numbers, special marks and combinations thereof.
2. Barcode (P100)
Barcode, referred to as barcode, is a product identification graphic that is arranged and combined according to certain rules by a group of parallel line segments of different widths, black and white (color), and used to represent certain information.
3. Sampling inspection (P126)
Sampling inspection is a sampling plan determined in advance. A small number of samples are selected from the inspected commodities, and the samples are inspected one by one. After comparing the inspection results with the standards or contract regulations, the overall quality of the inspected commodities is inferred.
4. Commodity Packaging Technology (P150)
Commodity packaging technology mainly refers to various technical measures taken to resist internal and external factors affecting quality change in order to prevent quantity loss and quality change of commodities in the field of circulation. What are the meanings of commodity classification? (16 points for this question) (P78~79)
The significance of commodity classification is embodied in the following four aspects:
(1) The scientific classification of commodities is the basis for implementing management activities and realizing management modernization.
There are many types of commodities, various characteristics, different values, and different uses. Only by scientifically classifying commodities, various planning, statistics, accounting, taxation, prices, procurement, transportation, storage, and sales from the production field to the circulation field Only when management activities can be carried out smoothly can commodity statistics have practical value. The wide application of electronic computers in commodity economic management has put forward higher requirements for the scientific classification and coding of commodities. The scientific classification of commodities laid the foundation for the modernization of economic management.
(2) The scientific classification of commodities is conducive to commodity research.
Only through the scientific classification of commodities, the research object can be summarized and synthesized from the characteristics of individual commodities into the category characteristics of certain types of commodities, can we deeply analyze and understand the properties and performance of commodities, comprehensively analyze and evaluate the quality of commodities, and study the changes in commodity quality This is conducive to the improvement and improvement of commodity quality, and is conducive to commodity inspection, packaging, transportation, storage and scientific maintenance, as well as strengthening commodity quality assurance in the field of circulation and preventing commodity loss and loss.
(3) The scientific classification of commodities is conducive to the implementation of standardization and is also the basis for formulating commodity standards.
Through scientific commodity classification, the names and categories of commodities can be unified and standardized, thereby avoiding the difficulties caused by the inconsistency of commodity names in different departments in the field of production and circulation of the same commodity, facilitating the arrangement of production and circulation, and benefiting Develop international trade, and improve economic management and economic efficiency.
(4) The scientific classification of commodities is convenient for consumers and users to purchase commodities.
In the sales process, through scientific product classification and product catalogue, the market supply can be arranged in an orderly manner, shelf partitions and product placement can be arranged reasonably, and consumers can be correctly guided to identify and select, so as to facilitate consumers and users to understand The purchase of goods.
2. What are commodity standards? Briefly describe the issues that must be considered and paid attention to when formulating commodity standards. (10 points for this question) (P105) (P115~116)
Commodity standards are a kind of technical standards, mainly technical regulations on the quality specifications and inspection methods of commodities. In the standard, the structure, chemical composition, specification, quality, grade, inspection, packaging, storage, transportation, use and production technology of the commodity are clearly stipulated. It is a binding product technical standard within a certain period of time and within a certain range. It is the technical basis for commodity production, inspection, acceptance, supervision, use, maintenance and trade negotiation. Benefits are of great significance.
When formulating standards, the following aspects must be considered and paid attention to:
1. We must not only face the actual needs, but also maintain the advanced nature
2. Fully consider the use requirements of consumers to maximize the use value of commodities
3. Actively adopt international standards and foreign advanced standards to meet the needs of foreign trade development
4. Commodity standards should be coordinated and matched as much as possible. 5. Commodity standards should keep pace with the times.
3. What are the functions of commodity inspection? (12 points for this question) (P130)
The role of commodity inspection is mainly reflected in four aspects: (1) Commodity inspection provides a scientific basis for commodity standardization.
Commodity inspection must use commodity standards as the basis for comparison, and the formulation of any commodity standard is based on a large number of commodity inspection data, materials and practical experience. A scientific basis is provided. (2) Commodity inspection is a scientific means of quality management in commodity production.
In order to keep the product quality of the enterprise stable, it is necessary to carry out total quality management. Only through strict quality inspection can it prevent, control and check the possible quality problems, so as to ensure the quality of the products.
(3) Commodity inspection plays a role in supervising the quality of commodities in circulation.
Before signing the purchase contract, the enterprise inspects the goods, so that it can truly grasp the quality characteristics of the goods, so that the signed contract has a reliable basis; when the goods are inspected, it can prevent the entry of counterfeit and shoddy goods, so as to prevent the entry into the consumer market. Commodities play a supervisory role.
(4) Commodity inspection provides reliable data reference for scientific logistics.
Commodity inspection can provide data reference for warehousing management, safe transportation, scientific maintenance, etc., fundamentally reduce commodity losses and ensure commodity quality.
1. merchandise
Commodity science is a science that studies the use value of commodities. It is a comprehensive applied discipline with the nature of both natural science and social science.
2. The social effect of a commodity (P3) The social effect of a commodity refers to the adaptability of the commodity to society, that is, the public's evaluation of the demand and satisfaction of the commodity.
3. Physical Properties of Commodities (P41) The physical properties of commodities refer to the characteristics of commodities such as shape, structure, weight (mass), density, plasticity, elasticity, load, stress, strength, hardness, color, luster, etc. , or the relevant characteristics of the commodity that do not change the essence of the commodity under the action of external factors such as light, electricity, heat, water, and pressure.
4. Quality certification (P67) Quality certification is an activity that is identified by a recognized authority to verify whether an enterprise's quality system, product, process or service meets quality requirements, standards, norms and relevant government regulations, and provides documented evidence. 1. Briefly describe the fundamental and specific tasks of commodity studies. (8 points for this question) (P4~6)
The fundamental task of commodity science research is to focus on improving the quality of commodities, and to promote commodity production departments and circulation departments to provide society with commodities that are needed, satisfying consumers, and qualified in quality, so as to promote production, guide consumption, and promote commodity quality. fundamental task of economic development.
The specific tasks are:
1. Research on commodity quality supervision and management 2. Research on commodity management technology
3. Research on product promotion methods 4. Research on product after-sales service
5. Research on the development of new products 6. Research on the relationship between commodity production and environmental protection
2. Briefly describe the research content of commodity studies. (8 points for this question)
The content of commodity study is determined according to the object and task of commodity study. The specific research contents are:
1. Research product quality 2. Research product chemical composition and properties 3. Research product use 4. Research product classification and coding 5. Research product standards and identification 6. Research product packaging 7. Research product storage and maintenance and safe transportation
In addition, commodity information and various factors that form and affect commodity quality, such as raw materials, production technology and various links in the circulation field, are also the content of commodity studies. Commodity aesthetics, new product development, commodity information and forecasting, commodity culture, commodity consumption demand and other contents are all research categories of commodity studies.
3. What is the significance of the commodity quality certification system? (11 points for this question)
The significance of implementing the commodity quality certification system is that it provides correct and reliable quality information for commodities by an impartial certification organization. This system is in line with the interests of both buyers and sellers. Specifically, it includes the following five aspects:
(1) Guarantee the quality of goods and improve the competitiveness of goods in the international market. Commodities that implement international certification will be generally recognized by member states after certification, obtain a pass to enter the international market, and expand sales in the international market. At the same time, countries can use the implementation of commodity quality certification as an important means to improve commodity quality.
(2) Bring credibility and more profits to producers and distributors. For production enterprises, the certification mark actually plays the role of quality credit certificate, and quality reputation is the source of profit.
(3) Help production enterprises to establish a sound and effective quality assurance system. In the implementation of commodity quality certification, the inspection and evaluation of the quality assurance system of the enterprise applying for certification is essentially a diagnosis of the effectiveness of the enterprise's quality assurance system by quality experts. Improved quality management would also be of great help. The process of implementing certification is the process of helping enterprises establish a sound quality assurance system.
(4) Save a lot of social inspection costs. A relatively complete certification system requires not only type testing of commodities, but also inspection of the quality assurance system of the manufacturer and daily supervision. The results of these works can fully meet the requirements of each user. Users only need to use the quality information provided by the third-party certification agency, and there is no need for repeated inspections.
(5) Countries have effectively protected the safety and health of users by implementing mandatory safety certification systems