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foreword
This article will introduce the graphical interface and the command line interface, their differences, and the login method.
Table of contents
1. Introduction to graphical interface and command line interface
2. Login and switch user interface
1. Enter the graphical interface
2. Enter the command line interface
3. Pseudo-terminal in graphical environment
3. The difference between the graphical interface and the command line interface
1. Introduction to graphical interface and command line interface
1. Graphical interface
The graphical user interface provides better operation convenience and visual experience, and more related operations such as system settings and program usage can be completed with the help of the mouse. The graphical interface of the Ubuntu operating system consists of a series of windowed applications, including user login interfaces, desktop task management and other applications.
Desktop suite environments such as GNOME ( GNU Network Object Model Environment , GNU Network Object Model Environment ), KDE ( Kool Desktop Environment , Kool Desktop Environment ) and XFCE ( XForms Common Environment ) are used in the Ubuntu operating series, among which GNOME and KDE belong to the current Linux There are two most popular graphical desktop suites in /UNIX. The following will focus on these two. The GNOME suite is a part of the GUN free software project. Provided convenience, contributed to the widespread use of the GNOME desktop suite. The KDE suite uses the Qt graphics library, but the Qt graphics library was not originally free software (this is one of the reasons for the GNOME project), and it was not until 1998 that the GPL license was added.
Whether it is the GNOME desktop suite or the KDE desktop suite, although the program libraries and applications used are different, they can both provide a graphical operation interface for human-computer interaction with the Ubuntu operating system. The various function settings and operations are similar, only in appearance . There are some differences with usage details , for ordinary users, you can choose one of them arbitrarily. In the Ubuntu operating system, the GNOME desktop suite is used by default.
2. Command line interface
The continuous development of the graphical desktop suite has won more and more individual users for the Ubuntu operating system. However, for the Ubuntu operating system, its strength lies not only in its graphical interface, but also in another usage mode that does not contain graphics . ——The command line interface, or character interface , is also very powerful. For a long time, the Ubuntu operating system in character mode has been widely used in the field of enterprise servers for its high efficiency, stability and reliability . Many Linux/UNIX servers usually do not need to provide monitors, and most of the server management and maintenance operations are performed through remote login. Since there is no gorgeous graphics program in the command line interface, and the mouse operation is also weakened, it will be difficult for users who are new to the Ubuntu operating system .
2. Login and switch user interface
1. Enter the graphical interface
Before using the Ubuntu operating system, user login authentication is required . After each startup of the Ubuntu operating system, if GNOME and other graphical desktop packages have been installed, it will automatically enter the login window of the graphical interface . In the login window, you can view all users who can log in in the current system, select the account to log in, Enter the correct password in the password box to log in to the system, as shown in the figure below.
2. Enter the command line interface
In the graphical interface of the Ubuntu operating system, if you want to enter the command line interface (character interface), you can use the combination of Ctrl + Alt + Fn to switch to the nth virtual character console, where Fn represents the functions of F1, F2...F6 key. The Ubuntu operating system opens six virtual terminals (also called virtual consoles) by default to log in to the operation interface in the pure character mode. These six virtual terminals are represented as tty1, tty2...tty6 respectively. In the virtual console in character mode, you also need to enter the system account and password to log in. After successfully logging in, you can enter the character operation interface, as shown in the figure below, and you can further input character control commands to use and manage the Ubuntu operating system. If you need to return to the opened graphical desktop environment from the character console, you can press the Alt + F7 key combination ; and when switching between the character consoles, you only need to press the Alt + Fn key combination.
3. Pseudo-terminal in graphical environment
In the logged-in GNOME graphical desktop environment, if you want to execute command line operations without switching to a tty character terminal, you can right-click on a blank space on the desktop and select the "Open Terminal" option in the pop-up shortcut menu to directly open a The window for inputting character control commands is shown in the figure below. This command terminal is actually provided by a window program named gnome-terminal, but this window program needs to run in a graphical environment, not a real pure character terminal (also called a pseudo-terminal). In this terminal window, you can also pass Execute various management operations through the command line.
3. The difference between the graphical interface and the command line interface
1. Graphical interface
The graphical interface is easier to use and will be more convenient to a certain extent. It is also more friendly to users who are accustomed to graphical systems. Personally, I think it should be more efficient for multitasking, but it may not be applicable under harsh conditions.
2. Command line interface
The command line interface is somewhat more efficient (those users accustomed to the command system), and is more useful in harsh conditions (such as development).