2018 "An Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" Question Bank Answers
3. Thinking questions (12 questions)
1. What is Marxism?
Marxism (Marxism) is the abbreviation of the theoretical system of Marxism. The theoretical system of Marxism covers all the views and theories of Marx himself on the future social form-scientific socialism.
The theoretical system of Marxism consists of two components, namely modern materialism and modern scientific socialism.
The theory of scientific socialism in the theoretical system of Marxism consists of two parts, the theory of scientific socialist revolution (that is, the theory of political power), and the principles of political economics of scientific socialism.
The principles of scientific socialist political economy include two parts: the first part, the design of the scientific socialist commodity economy structure; the second part, the design of the operating principles of the scientific socialist commodity economy.
2. What is economic globalization?
Economic globalization (Economic Globalization) refers to the global organic economic whole formed through foreign trade, technology transfer, capital flow, service provision, mutual connection and interdependence through world economic activities beyond national borders. That is to connect the whole world into a unified big market, in which each country makes use of its own advantages, so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources around the world, which is an integral part of the globalization trend. (Simply put, the world economy is increasingly becoming a closely linked whole). Economic globalization is one of the important features of the contemporary world economy, and it is also an important trend in the development of the world economy.
3. Briefly describe the characteristics of labor commodities.
Features of the labor commodity
The use value of the labor commodity is the source of value
Basic conditions for labor power to become a commodity:
1. The laborer is a free person who can control his labor power as his own commodity;
2. Laborers are free to have nothing and do not have any material conditions necessary to realize their own labor force.
The value of the labor force is determined by the value of the necessities of life necessary for the production, development, maintenance and continuation of the labor force.
It consists of three parts:
① It is the value of the means of subsistence necessary to maintain the laborer's own survival, which is used to reproduce his labor force.
② It is the value of the means of subsistence necessary for the survival of the laborer's family members, which is used to continue the supply of labor force.
The cost of education and training of laborers is used to train labor force suitable for capitalist reproduction.
4. What conditions must be met to rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge?
① Give full play to subjective initiative
②Comprehensive grasp of realistic perceptual materials
③Using scientific thinking methods
5. Briefly describe the decisive role of practice in understanding.
① Practice is the source of knowledge, and all true knowledge comes from practice. Emphasizing that practice is the only source of knowledge does not deny that knowledge can be obtained from others and books.
②Practice is the driving force for the development of cognition, and the development of practice constantly raises new topics for cognition; practice provides experience data for solving new topics, provides cognition tools and technical means; promotes the development of people's thinking ability.
③ Practice is the sole criterion for testing the truth of cognition;
④ Practice is the purpose of understanding.
6. In the process of understanding, which is more important, the first leap or the second leap, and why?
1. From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge is the first leap in the cognitive process, and from rational knowledge to practice is the cognitive process
the second leap.
2. The second leap in the cognitive process is more significant than the first leap. This is
because:
① Only after the second leap can the theory be used to guide practice and realize the improvement of the objective world.
make.
②Only after the second leap, when rational knowledge returns to practice, can it be tested
experience, enrich and develop.
7. The relative independence of social consciousness and its main manifestations.
The relative independence of social consciousness: The relative independence of social consciousness means that while social consciousness reflects social existence and is determined by social existence, it also has its own initiative and unique development law. Its development is not related to the development of social existence. Not always consistent and balanced.
The relative independence of social consciousness is mainly manifested in the following five aspects:
First, the incomplete synchronization of social consciousness and social existence changes and development;
Second, there is an imbalance between social awareness and the level of social and economic development;
Third, the development of social consciousness has historical inheritance;
Fourth, the various forms of social consciousness interact and influence each other;
5. The reaction of social consciousness to social existence or initiative
8. Discuss the impact of economic globalization.
The development of world economic globalization is like a "double-edged sword", which has both positive and negative effects.
Positive impact: ① Economic globalization effectively utilizes resources from all over the world, provides more development opportunities for countries, and greatly enriches and facilitates people's daily life.
② Economic globalization makes some countries more competitive, creative and innovative, thus making countries rich. ③ Globalization means new economic growth. Although there are risks of growth during this period, developed countries The national wealth of countries and developing countries is growing day by day, and they are all beneficiaries of globalization.
④ Due to the worldwide international division of labor, economic globalization enables every nation and nation-state to get its due opportunity in the progress of economy and technology.
⑤ Economic globalization has promoted coordination and cooperation among countries, especially among major countries.
⑥ Economic globalization has eased the long-term tension in North-South relations to a certain extent, and the scale and closeness of North-South economic exchanges have increased unprecedentedly.
⑦ Some developing countries have seized new development opportunities, shortened the economic gap with developed countries, and the international status of developing countries has improved.
⑧ Promote the rise and development of knowledge economy.
Negative effects: ① Due to the imbalance of social and economic development within and among nation-states, economic globalization has made poor countries poorer and rich countries richer, especially expanding the polarization between the North and the South and the gap between the rich and the poor.
② Economic globalization will cause over-exploitation and destruction of the global ecosystem, threatening the survival of human beings.
③ Economic globalization is dominated by developed countries. They often rely on their strong economic strength, advanced scientific and technological means, and the convenience of formulating international rules to impact the sovereignty of developing countries and facilitate the transfer of crises from developed countries to developing countries. The financial crisis in Southeast Asia is an example.
④In the context of economic globalization, due to the limited economic strength among southern countries, the convergence of economic structure and the lack of complementarity, the gap between developing countries is also expanding, which limits the further development of South-South cooperation and faces challenges.
9. State the general principles of scientific socialism.
①The development of human society from capitalism to socialism and communism is an objective and natural historical process;
②The evolution of human society from capitalism to socialism and communism can only be realized through the conscious and long-term struggle of the working class and the masses of the people;
③The goal of the development of human society from capitalism to socialism and communism is to realize the liberation of people;
④The development of human society from capitalism to socialism and communism must have the correct leadership of socialist and communist parties;
⑤ For human society to develop from capitalism to socialism and communism, the working class and working people must take power;
⑥Human society needs to develop from capitalism to socialism and communism. After the working class and working people take power, they will go through several historical stages before they can gradually build socialism and communism.
10. The basic content of the dialectical view of negation.
Meaning: Dialectical negation is the negation of things themselves. That is, self-negation and self-development. The link of dialectical negation development is the fundamental way to realize the emergence of new things and promote the demise of old things; the link of dialectical negation is the link , new things are produced from old things, and it retains and transforms the positive factors in old things as the basis for its own existence and development.
The content of materialist dialectical negation
①.Dialectical negation is self-denial through internal contradictions of things
②Dialectical negation has two important features. First, negation is the link of development. Second, negation is the link of connection.
③The dialectical negation as the unity of development and connection link is to sublate, to overcome and retain
11. Briefly describe the characteristics of competition under monopoly conditions.
① On the purpose of competition: competition under monopoly conditions is to obtain high monopoly benefits, and to continuously consolidate and expand one's own monopoly position and ruling power.
② On the means of competition: In addition to various forms of economic means, competition under monopoly conditions also adopts non-economic means, making the competition more complicated and intense.
③ In the scope of competition: In the period of monopoly, the competition in the international market became more and more fierce, not only the competition in the economic field was diverse, but also expanded to compete outside the economic field.
In short, competition under monopoly conditions is not only large in scale, long in duration, cruel in means, intense in degree, but also has greater destructive power.
12. Briefly describe the decisive role of the people in the process of creating history.
①The people are the creators of social material wealth. The basis for the existence and development of human society is the production mode of material materials. The vast working masses are the main body of material production activities, creating the necessary material prerequisites such as food, clothing, housing and transportation.
②The people are the creators of social spiritual wealth.
The main body of material production activities is the people, and the main body of spiritual production activities is also the people. The masses of the people provide the necessary material conditions and facilities for creating spiritual wealth through material production practices. The life and practical activities of the people are the source of the formation and development of all spiritual wealth and spiritual products. The people also directly participated in the creation of social spiritual wealth.
③The people are the decisive force for social change.
While the masses of the people create social wealth, they also create and transform social relations. The transformation of production relations and the replacement of social systems ultimately depend on the development of productive forces, but they will not be realized and completed spontaneously with the development of productive forces, but must rely on the strength of the masses of the people. In a specific social environment, the masses of the people constantly demand the improvement of production relations by promoting the development of productive forces.