2023 System Analyst - Enterprise Informatization Strategy and Implementation

1. Informatization strategic system

1. Information resource planning ISP

Information resource planning is the basic project of informatization construction. It is a comprehensive plan for the generation, acquisition, processing, storage, transmission and utilization of the information needed by the production and operation activities of enterprises.

IRP emphasizes the close combination of requirements analysis and system modeling. Requirements analysis is the preparation for system modeling, and system modeling is the finalization and planning expression of user needs.

1. Business needs analysis:

1. 1. Functional domain analysis
   2. business domain analysis
   3. Business process combing

1. Data Requirements Analysis

1. 1. User View Collection
   2. User view grouping, analysis
   3. Data Element Analysis

1. System Functional Modeling

1. 1. subsystem definition
   2. Function module definition
   3. program unit definition

1. System Data Modeling

1. 1. Subject database definition
   2. Basic table definition
   3. Extended table definition

2. Informatization strategic system planning

Enterprise informatization strategic planning is to evaluate the current and future environment with opportunities and threats, evaluate the current situation of the enterprise with advantages and disadvantages, make choices and determine the overall and long-term goals of the enterprise, and formulate and choose action plans to achieve the goals.

Determine the general direction of the company's future development.

Information system strategic planning focuses on how to communicate information systems to support the operation of business processes, and then realize the key business objectives of the enterprise.

Develop support systems for corporate strategy

Information technology strategic planning is often referred to as IT strategic planning. It is based on information system planning and specifically plans the hardware, software, and supporting environment that support the operation of information systems. It is more concerned with technical issues.

Planning for the operating environment of the supporting system

Information resource planning is based on the above planning, data demand analysis, establishment of information resource standards, and integration of information resources for carrying out specific information construction projects.

Data and Standards-Related Planning

System planning is the first stage of the information system life cycle. Its task is to conduct a preliminary investigation of the enterprise's environment, goals and the status of the existing system. Analyze and forecast the needs of the new system, and consider the various constraints on the construction of the new system, and study the necessity and possibility of the construction of the new system.

3. The integration method of enterprise strategy and informatization strategy

Business and IT Integration (BITA): The focus is to find the inconsistency between the business and the existing IT system, and give a plan for transformation. (business route)

Enterprise IT Architecture (EITA): Help IT companies establish IT principles, norms, models and standards. (IT technology route)

4. Information Systems Strategic Planning (ISSP)

Information System Strategic Planning (ISSP) starts from the corporate strategy, builds the basic information structure of the enterprise, conducts unified planning, management and application of internal and external information resources of the enterprise, uses information to control enterprise behavior, and assists enterprises in decision-making , to help companies achieve their strategic goals.

The ISSP method has gone through three main stages, and the methods used in each stage are different

The first stage is mainly based on data processing and information system planning around the needs of functional departments. The main methods include enterprise system planning method (BSP) --- CU matrix, critical success factor method (CSF) and strategy set transformation method (SST)

The second stage is mainly based on the internal management information system of the enterprise and information system planning around the overall needs of the enterprise. The main methods include strategic data planning (SDP), information engineering (IE) and strategic grid (SG). )

In the third stage, considering the internal and external environment of the enterprise, the integration is the core, and the information system planning is carried out around the strategic needs of the enterprise. The main methods include value chain analysis (VCA) and strategic alignment model (SAM).

5. Information Engineering

The information engineering (Information Engineering IE) method is a method for enterprise information system construction created by Martin, and its basis is the BSP method and the SDP method. The IE method is not only a method, but also an engineering discipline, engineering the information system development process.

The IE method divides the development process of the entire information system into four implementation stages from top to bottom, which are information strategy planning stage, business field analysis stage, system design stage and system construction stage.

2. Information system development method

1. Structured development method

User first, top-up, step-by-step decomposition, strictly distinguishing work stages, each stage has tasks and results, emphasizing the integrity and overall nature of the system development process, engineering the system development process, and standardizing documentation. This model is fixed in stages and is not easy to change, and it is suitable for clear requirements.

2. Prototype development method

Applicable to the development of unclear requirements, divided by function-horizontal prototype (interface), vertical prototype (complex algorithm), divided by final result-disposable prototype, evolutionary prototype.

3. Object-oriented approach

With better reusability, the key lies in the establishment of a comprehensive, reasonable and unified model, analysis, design, and realization of the three stages of unclear boundaries

4. Service Oriented Approach

With coarse-grained and loosely coupled system functions as the core, it emphasizes the standardization and componentization of system functions, which enhances the flexibility, reusability and evolution of the system.

Three levels of abstraction for a service-oriented approach:

Operation: at the bottom layer, at the level of benchmarking functions and methods

Services: Represent logical groupings of operations

Business Process: A long-running set of actions or activities performed to achieve a specific business goal. Examples of business processes are: admitting new employees, selling products or services, and fulfilling orders

3. Enterprise informatization and e-commerce

1. Customer Management (CRM)

(1) CRM concept: customers are regarded as assets; customer care is the center, the purpose is to establish long-term and effective business relationships with customers, and maximize profits; the core is customer value management, improving customer loyalty and retention

(2) CRM function:

1. Customer Service: A Key Content of CRM
2. Marketing: including business opportunity generation, business acquisition and management, business event management and telemarketing, etc.
3. Shared customer database: it connects marketing and customer service
4. Analytical ability: An important aspect of CRM is that it has the analytical ability to maximize customer value

(3) An effective CRM solution should have the following elements

Smooth and effective customer communication channels (trigger center). In today's rich communication means, whether it can support various trigger means to communicate with customers is very critical.

Efficient analysis of the information obtained (mining center). The collected information is analyzed using techniques such as data mining and business intelligence.

CRM must be well integrated with ERP. As the front desk of enterprise management, the marketing and customer service information of CRM must be conveyed to the financial and production departments in the background in a timely manner, which is the key to the effective operation of the enterprise.

2. Supply Chain Management (SCM)

SCM concept: strong alliance, integration and optimization of "three streams" (information flow, demand information flow, supply information flow, capital flow, and logistics), opening up "information islands" among enterprises, and strict data exchange standards. Connect manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, retailers, planning (strategic), purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, returns and more.

Information flow requires further understanding of its classification:

Demand information flow: customer orders, production plans, procurement contracts

Supply information flow: such as warehousing documents, completion reports, inventory records, available sales, delivery orders, etc.

3. Product Data Management (PDM)

PDM concept: used to manage all product-related information and product-related processes

PDM development stage: cooperation with CAD---"Product Data Management---"Product Collaborative Commerce

PDM core functions: database and document management; product structure and configuration management; life cycle management and process management; integrated development interface.

4. Business Intelligence (BI)

BI = data warehouse + data mining + OLAP

1. database

1. 1. The characteristics of the data warehouse: subject-oriented; integrated; relatively stable (non-volatile); reflect historical changes (changes over time);

1. The formation process of the data warehouse:

1. 1. Phase 1: Data source preprocessing of data (data extraction, cleaning, loading, refreshing)
   2. Phase 2: Data warehouse storage (data mart is then integrated into the data warehouse)
   3. Phase 3: Data Analysis, OLAP Server
   4. Phase 4: Data presentation, query tools, reporting tools, analysis tools, data mining tools

1. The difference between a data warehouse and a data lake:

1. 1. The data warehouse only supports data analysis and processing
   2. The data lake supports both data analysis processing and transaction processing

1. data mining

1. 1. Data mining starts from the data itself and mines knowledge content unknown to human beings.
   2. Classification of data mining methods:

1. 1. 1. Association analysis: dig out the hidden relationship between data
      2. Sequential pattern analysis: the focus is on analyzing the context (causality) between data
      3. Analysis analysis: assign a mark to each record and then classify according to the mark
      4. Cluster analysis: the reverse process of classification analysis

1. OLAP

1. 1. OLAP not only summarizes and aggregates data, but also provides data analysis functions such as slicing, dicing, drill-down, roll-up, and rotation.

4. Enterprise application integration

1. Integration division of different dimensions

1. Interface integration: integration point, interface layer; effect: unifying the entrance, creating a "whole" feeling; key points for solving problems: "whole" feeling, and realizing integrated operation at the minimum cost.
2. Data integration: integration point, data layer; effect: logical or physical "concentration" of data from different sources; key points of problem-solving: basis of other integration methods.
3. Control integration: integration point: application logic layer; effect: calling existing methods of other systems to achieve the integration effect;
4. Business process integration (process integration): integration point: application logic layer; effect: cross-enterprise, or optimize the process instead of direct call; solve the key point: the ability to share information between enterprises.
5. Portal integration: effect: connecting internal systems to the Internet; solving key points: publishing to the Internet
6. Message integration: features: small amount of data, frequent interaction, immediate, asynchronous
7. Shared database: interact frequently, immediately, synchronously
8. File transfer: large amount of data, low interaction frequency, low immediacy requirements (end of month, end of year)