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1. The way of serial port communication
1. Serial and parallel communication
- Serial communication: A data signal line is used between devices to transmit data one by one in the form of data bits, and only one bit of data can be transmitted at the same time.
- Parallel communication: use 8, 16, 32 or more data lines for communication, and multiple data bits can be transmitted at the same time.
Comparing the communication methods of the two, it is found that the parallel communication method is much faster than the serial communication method, but parallel peers need multiple data lines for transmission, which requires higher costs than serial communication, and requires synchronization of transmission clocks If it is relatively high, there will be many signal interference problems.
2. Synchronous communication and asynchronous communication
- Asynchronous communication: No clock signal is needed for data synchronization. They directly intersperse some synchronization signal bits in the data signal, or pack the main data, and transmit data in the format of data frame. In some communications, both parties need to agree on data Transmission rate (baud rate) for better synchronization.
- Synchronous communication: On the contrary, both sides of the synchronous communication transceiver device will use a signal line to constrain the clock, and synchronize and transmit data under the drive of the clock signal.
3. Simplex, full-duplex and half-duplex communication
- Simplex communication: information can only be transmitted in one direction. One is fixed as the sending device and the other is fixed as the receiving device. The sending end can only send information but not receive information, and the receiving end can only receive information but not send information. The communication can be completed with only one signal line.
- Full-duplex communication: At the same time, the sending and receiving devices can simultaneously send and receive data, but this method requires both communicating parties to have sending and receiving devices. Two data wires are required to complete the communication.
- Half-duplex communication: Half-duplex communication can realize two-way communication, but compared with full-duplex, it cannot be carried out in two directions at the same time, and information can only be transmitted in one direction at the same time, but it The direction of transmission can be switched (only one direction of information can be transmitted at the same time).
2. Communication protocol of serial port
1. Level standard
| communication standard | level standard |
|---|---|
| 5v TTL | Logic 0: 0 ~ 0.5v Logic 1: 2.4 ~ 5v |
| RS-232 | Logic 0: +3v ~ +15v Logic 1: -15v ~ -3v |
2. Protocol layer
The data packet of serial port communication is transmitted from the sending device to the RXD interface of the receiving device through its own TXD interface. In the protocol layer of serial port communication, the content of the data packet is specified, which is composed of start bit, main data, check bit and stop bit. The data packet format of the communication parties must be agreed to send and receive data normally.
3. The basic composition of the serial data packet
- Baud rate: The agreed communication rate between two communicating devices is the length of each symbol.
- Start bit and stop bit: The start signal of the communication data packet is generally logic level "0", and the stop signal can generally be represented by data bits such as 0.5, 1, 1.5, as long as the communication parties agree.
- Valid data: After the start bit is the main body of the data transmitted by yo, generally the agreed length is 5, 6, 7, 8 bits.
- Data check digit: Immediately after the effective data digit is an optional data check digit. In the process of communication transmission, it is easy to be affected by the outside world. You can add a parity bit during transmission to solve this problem, including odd parity, even parity, 0 parity, and 1 parity.
3. STM32 serial port and USB to TTL
这里我们学习的是stm32下完成串口通信，我们就介绍一下stm32下的串口。
1. Introduction of STM32 serial port
USART-Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Receiver is a serial communication device that can flexibly perform full-duplex data exchange with external devices. Different from USART, there is also a UART, which cuts out the synchronous communication function (clock synchronization) on the basis of USART, and only has asynchronous communication. The simple distinction between synchronous and asynchronous is to see whether it is necessary to provide external clock output during communication. The serial communication we usually use is basically UART.
USART functional block diagram:
2. Introduction of USB to TTL
Our commonly used USB-to-serial module is
CH340the module, and the USB-to-serial port is mainly used for communication between the device (stm32) and the PC.
- Block diagram of usb to ttl:
4. Assembly language realizes serial communication
1. New Prj
2. Check the following, the startup file "Startup" does not need to be checked
3. Add assembly files to the project
4. Add .sfiles
5. Paste the following code into .sthe file
;RCC寄存器地址映像
RCC_BASE EQU 0x40021000
RCC_CR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x00)
RCC_CFGR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x04)
RCC_CIR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x08)
RCC_APB2RSTR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x0C)
RCC_APB1RSTR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x10)
RCC_AHBENR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x14)
RCC_APB2ENR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x18)
RCC_APB1ENR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x1C)
RCC_BDCR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x20)
RCC_CSR EQU (RCC_BASE + 0x24)
;AFIO寄存器地址映像
AFIO_BASE EQU 0x40010000
AFIO_EVCR EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x00)
AFIO_MAPR EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x04)
AFIO_EXTICR1 EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x08)
AFIO_EXTICR2 EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x0C)
AFIO_EXTICR3 EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x10)
AFIO_EXTICR4 EQU (AFIO_BASE + 0x14)
;GPIOA寄存器地址映像
GPIOA_BASE EQU 0x40010800
GPIOA_CRL EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x00)
GPIOA_CRH EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x04)
GPIOA_IDR EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x08)
GPIOA_ODR EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x0C)
GPIOA_BSRR EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x10)
GPIOA_BRR EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x14)
GPIOA_LCKR EQU (GPIOA_BASE + 0x18)
;GPIO C口控制
GPIOC_BASE EQU 0x40011000
GPIOC_CRL EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x00)
GPIOC_CRH EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x04)
GPIOC_IDR EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x08)
GPIOC_ODR EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x0C)
GPIOC_BSRR EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x10)
GPIOC_BRR EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x14)
GPIOC_LCKR EQU (GPIOC_BASE + 0x18)
;串口1控制
USART1_BASE EQU 0x40013800
USART1_SR EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x00)
USART1_DR EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x04)
USART1_BRR EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x08)
USART1_CR1 EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x0c)
USART1_CR2 EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x10)
USART1_CR3 EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x14)
USART1_GTPR EQU (USART1_BASE + 0x18)
;NVIC寄存器地址
NVIC_BASE EQU 0xE000E000
NVIC_SETEN EQU (NVIC_BASE + 0x0010)
;SETENA寄存器阵列的起始地址
NVIC_IRQPRI EQU (NVIC_BASE + 0x0400)
;中断优先级寄存器阵列的起始地址
NVIC_VECTTBL EQU (NVIC_BASE + 0x0D08)
;向量表偏移寄存器的地址
NVIC_AIRCR EQU (NVIC_BASE + 0x0D0C)
;应用程序中断及复位控制寄存器的地址
SETENA0 EQU 0xE000E100
SETENA1 EQU 0xE000E104
;SysTick寄存器地址
SysTick_BASE EQU 0xE000E010
SYSTICKCSR EQU (SysTick_BASE + 0x00)
SYSTICKRVR EQU (SysTick_BASE + 0x04)
;FLASH缓冲寄存器地址映像
FLASH_ACR EQU 0x40022000
;SCB_BASE EQU (SCS_BASE + 0x0D00)
MSP_TOP EQU 0x20005000
;主堆栈起始值
PSP_TOP EQU 0x20004E00
;进程堆栈起始值
BitAlias_BASE EQU 0x22000000
;位带别名区起始地址
Flag1 EQU 0x20000200
b_flas EQU (BitAlias_BASE + (0x200*32) + (0*4))
;位地址
b_05s EQU (BitAlias_BASE + (0x200*32) + (1*4))
;位地址
DlyI EQU 0x20000204
DlyJ EQU 0x20000208
DlyK EQU 0x2000020C
SysTim EQU 0x20000210
;常数定义
Bit0 EQU 0x00000001
Bit1 EQU 0x00000002
Bit2 EQU 0x00000004
Bit3 EQU 0x00000008
Bit4 EQU 0x00000010
Bit5 EQU 0x00000020
Bit6 EQU 0x00000040
Bit7 EQU 0x00000080
Bit8 EQU 0x00000100
Bit9 EQU 0x00000200
Bit10 EQU 0x00000400
Bit11 EQU 0x00000800
Bit12 EQU 0x00001000
Bit13 EQU 0x00002000
Bit14 EQU 0x00004000
Bit15 EQU 0x00008000
Bit16 EQU 0x00010000
Bit17 EQU 0x00020000
Bit18 EQU 0x00040000
Bit19 EQU 0x00080000
Bit20 EQU 0x00100000
Bit21 EQU 0x00200000
Bit22 EQU 0x00400000
Bit23 EQU 0x00800000
Bit24 EQU 0x01000000
Bit25 EQU 0x02000000
Bit26 EQU 0x04000000
Bit27 EQU 0x08000000
Bit28 EQU 0x10000000
Bit29 EQU 0x20000000
Bit30 EQU 0x40000000
Bit31 EQU 0x80000000
;向量表
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
DCD MSP_TOP ;初始化主堆栈
DCD Start ;复位向量
DCD NMI_Handler ;NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ;Hard Fault Handler
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD 0
DCD SysTick_Handler ;SysTick Handler
SPACE 20 ;预留空间20字节
;代码段
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
;主程序开始
ENTRY
;指示程序从这里开始执行
Start
;时钟系统设置
ldr r0, =RCC_CR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #Bit16
str r1, [r0]
;开启外部晶振使能
;启动外部8M晶振
ClkOk
ldr r1, [r0]
ands r1, #Bit17
beq ClkOk
;等待外部晶振就绪
ldr r1,[r0]
orr r1,#Bit17
str r1,[r0]
;FLASH缓冲器
ldr r0, =FLASH_ACR
mov r1, #0x00000032
str r1, [r0]
;设置PLL锁相环倍率为7,HSE输入不分频
ldr r0, =RCC_CFGR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #(Bit18 :OR: Bit19 :OR: Bit20 :OR: Bit16 :OR: Bit14)
orr r1, #Bit10
str r1, [r0]
;启动PLL锁相环
ldr r0, =RCC_CR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #Bit24
str r1, [r0]
PllOk
ldr r1, [r0]
ands r1, #Bit25
beq PllOk
;选择PLL时钟作为系统时钟
ldr r0, =RCC_CFGR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #(Bit18 :OR: Bit19 :OR: Bit20 :OR: Bit16 :OR: Bit14)
orr r1, #Bit10
orr r1, #Bit1
str r1, [r0]
;其它RCC相关设置
ldr r0, =RCC_APB2ENR
mov r1, #(Bit14 :OR: Bit4 :OR: Bit2)
str r1, [r0]
;IO端口设置
ldr r0, =GPIOC_CRL
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #(Bit28 :OR: Bit29)
;PC.7输出模式,最大速度50MHz
and r1, #(~Bit30 & ~Bit31)
;PC.7通用推挽输出模式
str r1, [r0]
;PA9串口0发射脚
ldr r0, =GPIOA_CRH
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #(Bit4 :OR: Bit5)
;PA.9输出模式,最大速度50MHz
orr r1, #Bit7
and r1, #~Bit6
;10：复用功能推挽输出模式
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =USART1_BRR
mov r1, #0x271
str r1, [r0]
;配置波特率-> 115200
ldr r0, =USART1_CR1
mov r1, #0x200c
str r1, [r0]
;USART模块总使能 发送与接收使能
;71 02 00 00 2c 20 00 00
;AFIO 参数设置
;Systick 参数设置
ldr r0, =SYSTICKRVR
;Systick装初值
mov r1, #9000
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =SYSTICKCSR
;设定,启动Systick
mov r1, #0x03
str r1, [r0]
;NVIC
;ldr r0, =SETENA0
;mov r1, 0x00800000
;str r1, [r0]
;ldr r0, =SETENA1
;mov r1, #0x00000100
;str r1, [r0]
;切换成用户级线程序模式
ldr r0, =PSP_TOP
;初始化线程堆栈
msr psp, r0
mov r0, #3
msr control, r0
;初始化SRAM寄存器
mov r1, #0
ldr r0, =Flag1
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =DlyI
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =DlyJ
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =DlyK
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =SysTim
str r1, [r0]
;主循环
main
ldr r0, =Flag1
ldr r1, [r0]
tst r1, #Bit1
;SysTick产生0.5s,置位bit 1
beq main ;0.5s标志还没有置位
;0.5s标志已经置位
ldr r0, =b_05s
;位带操作清零0.5s标志
mov r1, #0
str r1, [r0]
bl LedFlas
mov r0, #'H'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'e'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'l'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'l'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'o'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #' '
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'w'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'o'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'r'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'l'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'d'
bl send_a_char
mov r0, #'\n'
bl send_a_char
b main
;子程序 串口1发送一个字符
send_a_char
push {
r0 - r3}
ldr r2, =USART1_DR
str r0, [r2]
b1
ldr r2, =USART1_SR
ldr r2, [r2]
tst r2, #0x40
beq b1
;发送完成(Transmission complete)等待
pop {
r0 - r3}
bx lr
;子程序 led闪烁
LedFlas
push {
r0 - r3}
ldr r0, =Flag1
ldr r1, [r0]
tst r1, #Bit0
;bit0 闪烁标志位
beq ONLED ;为0 打开led灯
;为1 关闭led灯
ldr r0, =b_flas
mov r1, #0
str r1, [r0]
;闪烁标志位置为0,下一状态为打开灯
;PC.7输出0
ldr r0, =GPIOC_BRR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #Bit7
str r1, [r0]
b LedEx
ONLED
;为0 打开led灯
ldr r0, =b_flas
mov r1, #1
str r1, [r0]
;闪烁标志位置为1,下一状态为关闭灯
;PC.7输出1
ldr r0, =GPIOC_BSRR
ldr r1, [r0]
orr r1, #Bit7
str r1, [r0]
LedEx
pop {
r0 - r3}
bx lr
;异常程序
NMI_Handler
bx lr
HardFault_Handler
bx lr
SysTick_Handler
ldr r0, =SysTim
ldr r1, [r0]
add r1, #1
str r1, [r0]
cmp r1, #500
bcc TickExit
mov r1, #0
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =b_05s
;大于等于500次 清零时钟滴答计数器 设置0.5s标志位
;位带操作置1
mov r1, #1
str r1, [r0]
TickExit
bx lr
ALIGN
;通过用零或空指令NOP填充,来使当前位置与一个指定的边界对齐
END
6. The compilation is passed without any errors
Five, Debug simulation
1. Debug simulation settings
2. Perform software simulation
3. Observe that the serial output is printed successfully
Summarize
Compared with programs written in HAL library or standard library, the amount of program code written in assembly language is too large, and the readability is extremely poor. In the actual development process, it should be more inclined to use c language Develop stm32, use standard library or hal library!