At present, my country's economy is developing rapidly, and the level of science and technology and informatization is continuously improved. The new ideas and concepts of "Internet + government services" have played a huge role in the construction of "smart cities" and "information-benefiting pilot cities", and achieved great success. Great results. However, the integration of vertical systems of departments and platforms of provinces and cities, and the interconnection and data sharing of cross-regional, cross-system, and cross-departmental information systems have created bottlenecks. In order to implement the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the integration and sharing of government information systems, and accelerate the integration and sharing of government information systems, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Central Network Information Office and other departments have formulated the "Accelerating the Implementation of the Implementation Plan for the Integration and Sharing of Government Information Systems" Work Plan", and approved by the State Council to establish a "Government Information System Integration and Sharing Promotion and Implementation Leading Group", responsible for promoting the "government information system integration and sharing" work. Focusing on the reform of government governance and public services, it will benefit enterprises and the people to the greatest extent, and allow enterprises and the public to run less errands, do things more easily, and not cause blockages. From an overall and fundamental point of view, it will solve the problems of "separate governance, fragmentation, chimneys, and isolated information islands" that have long plagued my country's government informatization construction, and effectively solve the difficulties in the reform of "delegating, regulating, and serving". So, how to promote the integration and sharing of government information systems in the future?
Follow the "five unifications" principle
One is unified project planning. Build "big platform, big data, big system". Form a large data sharing platform covering the whole country, overall utilization, and unified access; establish a big data of government information resources with physical dispersion, logical concentration, resource sharing, and government-enterprise interconnection; build a large-scale collaborative governance system with in-depth application, upper and lower linkage, and vertical and horizontal co-management .
The second is to unify standards. Pay attention to the unification of data and general business standards, and carry out the development and application of the overall standards for national government informatization. Promote cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level data mutual recognition and sharing. Establish a dynamically updated government information resource directory system to ensure orderly opening, sharing and use of government information.
The third is unified record management. Implement the government information system construction and operation and maintenance filing system, and promote the full-scale filing of government information construction and operation and maintenance funding approvals in the government information sharing department at the same level.
Fourth, unified audit supervision. Carry out normalized audits of government affairs information systems and government affairs information sharing, and strengthen the supervision and inspection of the integration and sharing effectiveness of government affairs information systems.
The fifth is a unified evaluation system. Research and put forward the evaluation index system of government information sharing, and establish a management mechanism linking government information sharing evaluation and administrative accountability, department functions, construction funds, and operation and maintenance funds constraints.
Complete "Ten Great Things"
In order to do a good job in the integration and sharing of government information systems, the "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for the Integration and Sharing of Government Information Systems" summarizes the "ten major events" to be completed. These "ten major events" are the basic tasks for the integration and sharing of government information systems:
The first is the combination of "trial" and "clear" to speed up the elimination of "zombie" information systems. Before the end of October 2017, all departments of the State Council have basically completed the clean-up of the "zombie" information system.
The second is to promote integration and speed up the integration and sharing of information systems within departments. Before the end of December 2017, in principle, all departments will integrate the scattered and independent information systems into a "big system" with interconnection, business coordination and information sharing. must be integrated.
The third is the co-construction of facilities to enhance the support capability of the national unified e-government network. Before the end of June 2018, it basically has cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-department, and cross-business support service capabilities.
The fourth is to promote sharing and promote access to a unified data sharing and exchange platform. Before the end of June 2018, all departments will promote the migration of their government affairs information systems to the national e-government intranet or extranet, and unified access to the national data sharing and exchange platform.
The fifth is to promote openness and speed up the construction of public data open websites. Relying on the national e-government extranet and the central government portal website, establish a unified, standardized, interconnected, safe and controllable data open website.
Sixth, strengthen coordination and promote the construction of a national government information sharing website. Relying on the national e-government extranet, build and improve the national government information sharing website. Before the end of December 2017, realize the sharing service of key data such as credit system, public resource transaction, investment, price, natural person, legal person, energy (electricity, etc.), spatial geography, transportation, and tourism based on the national government information sharing website.
The seventh is to build a catalogue, and carry out a catalogue of government information resources and a national census. Before the end of December 2017, a national census of the data resources of the government information system will be carried out.
Eighth, improve standards and accelerate the construction of a standard system for sharing government information. Before the end of October 2017, complete the organization declaration and project establishment of urgently needed national standards such as population, legal persons, and electronic certificates.
The ninth is the integration of services, standardizing the construction of the online government service platform system. Before the end of December 2017, all regions and departments will integrate decentralized government service systems and resources, and generally build an integrated online government service platform.
Tenth is to link up and down, and carry out the "Internet + government services" pilot. Accelerate the implementation of the information project for the benefit of the people, vigorously promote the "one number, one window, one network" pilot program in 80 cities. Before the end of December 2017, the pilot cities will initially realize cross-regional, cross-departmental, and cross-level government services.
System integration is the foundation
How to carry out information system integration, generally can consider the following aspects.
The first is to promote the construction of "big platform, big data and big system" with the "unified information system architecture" as the starting point. Change the system construction idea of "business-oriented, application-oriented", build the information system design concept of "business-oriented, data-centric, service-oriented", and build a unified architecture for the government affairs information system of this department system. It truly plays an integrated role in "eliminating system islands, leveling application chimneys, integrating data systems, and integrating basic resources".
The second is to build a unified portal with the "Three Ones" as the starting point. Build a unified portal, realize "single sign-on", count out the same source, and use one number for multiple purposes. "Three Ones" is simply summarized as: "unified identity" is the identity management of personnel logging in to the information system; "unified authentication" is to judge whether a person logging in to the information system is a legitimate user, and to unify users, roles and organizations "Unified authorization" is based on the identity and business operation rules to determine the user's system resource use authority and the token for the allocation of user information resources.
The third is to take "data resource management" as the starting point to form a situation of unified management of data resources. The construction of a unified data resource directory, business table directory, file regulations directory, unified data dictionary, unified parameter database, unified metadata database, unified main database, unified theme database, etc.
Fourth, take "service" as the starting point to coordinate the business application management system. Business classification returns those application systems that are outside the classification to the management of department business classification, and replaces business applications with service management. Business can be divided into: administrative law enforcement and services, monitoring, analysis and early warning, strategic decision-making, internal office and management, financial functions, government affairs disclosure, social emergency, etc. Business integration and process reengineering to modularize and atomize business operations. Through the constraints of business rules, different business operations are encapsulated in different business service containers, and finally the goals of high business compactness and module reusability are achieved.
Fifth, build a unified basic resource pool based on "distribution". In the system structure, "service proxy" is used to solve the "independence of application and basic resources"; key technologies such as "virtualization" and "distribution" are used to solve the information resources and assets that have been built and scattered in different and isolated systems Make full use of the old and the application.
Information sharing promotes the modernization of national governance capacity
Information sharing and business collaboration will help improve the co-governance and execution capabilities of the national governance executive power in economic regulation, market supervision, social management, and public services, and will help improve the co-governance and supervision capabilities of the national governance supervision system. Improve the modernization of national governance decision-making power in the political, economic, social, cultural, national defense and other aspects of governance. In principle, sharing is divided into three categories: unconditional sharing, conditional sharing and no sharing.
1. Extensive sharing. Refers to the data sharing of information disclosure, which belongs to "unconditional sharing". At present, on the national information sharing and exchange platform, the population database, legal person database, spatial geographic information database, electronic certificate database, social credit information database, etc. established by the state organizations are all widely shared data. The characteristic of extensive sharing is the openness of data.
2. Cooperative sharing of goals. Refers to the fact that various departments have application requirements for data generated by other government departments in order to jointly accomplish the goals of national and government governance, economic development, public security, social security, etc., and obtain business data from other departments through applications or "memoranda". The sharing of data, this kind of sharing belongs to "conditional sharing". The characteristics of target collaborative sharing are: through data exchange, non-real-time use of data from other departments to maximize the benefits of government governance and serving the people.
3. Business related sharing. Refers to the government departments participating in national economic operation, social management, service guarantee and other activities, especially the measures to "benefit enterprises and facilitate the people" in the reform of "decentralization, management, and service". The operation mode of "single window" or "multiple reports for one order" improves work efficiency and enhances service levels, so as to truly make "enterprises run less, data run more, and people not add to the traffic jam".
The "one-window" operation mode of the government service hall running on the government special network. Through the information construction of "one number, one window, one network" to benefit the people, the people go to the government to do business. Because of the government affairs hall, they have changed into multiple doors into one door. Submit the service materials at the receiving window of the government affairs hall, and manually divide the orders. Different departments will handle the business independently according to their duties, and comprehensively summarize the processing results until the transfer operation is completed.
The "one-window" operation mode of the government online government service hall running on the "Internet + government private network". It requires enterprises or individuals and relevant government departments to formulate corresponding "business operation rules for business related parties"; establish safe, reliable, and non-repudiation data exchange rules for "credential data"; use information encryption technology to establish "clear data sovereignty". data link" system. Without affecting or intervening in the safe and independent operation of the e-government information system of the department, it can automatically and intelligently start the operation rules to realize the processing of business collaboration.
The above two "single window" operation modes can form the "trusted interconnection of entities", "information security interoperability", "resource security and trustworthiness", "data consistency and mutual recognition", "business controllability and operability" for business stakeholders ". Business-related sharing will positively promote social progress; it will have a good effect on the business coordination of government departments, help to flatten government functions, promote the construction of a service-oriented government, and help government departments perform their duties effectively ; It will have a profound impact on the people's sense of acquisition, and it is a "data sharing method" that cannot be ignored and belongs to "conditional sharing". It not only shares the business data of government departments, but also innovates the business operation rules of business stakeholders. The characteristics of business correlation sharing are: business stakeholders use operating rules to automatically start business processing, complete the business processing of the department in real time according to time series rules, and submit operating results with electronic certificates to complete business collaborative data sharing under the condition of ensuring data sovereignty. .
4. Do not share with. In 2016, the State Council made it clear in the "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Interim Measures for the Administration of Government Information Resource Sharing" that government information is a national resource, and this is the general rule for sharing government information resources. Taking sharing as the principle and not sharing as the exception, this is the basic rule of sharing government information resources. All government information resources that are not to be shared must be based on laws, administrative regulations, or policies of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. Its significance is as follows: First, as long as it is not stipulated by laws, regulations and policies that cannot be shared, it should be included in the shared information. The "Departmental Government Information Resource Catalog" compiled by the department shall abide by this rule unconditionally, and any department has no privilege to violate the rules and regulations; This rule should be implemented, and the information use department should also use this rule to supervise, so that the principle of sharing and the exception of non-sharing are truly effective rules and disciplinary constraints to promote information sharing and business collaboration.
Due to the uneven level of informatization in various government departments and provinces and cities, and the application fields have their own emphasis, our consensus is: first, establish a strong leadership responsibility system and include it in the "top-in-command" project of government departments; second, this project The work cannot be accomplished overnight. It is a long-term sustainable work. It is necessary to formulate a sustainable overall plan for integration and sharing. Under the guidance of the top-level design, complete the major tasks assigned by the central government and the state, and carry it out in stages and at different levels. Integrate and share work; third, the integration of government information systems must be linked to the actual development of the local department, closely follow the national requirements and the needs of the people, pay close attention to the application effect, and form a "model and typical" that can be promoted.