Impetuousness has become a common social phenomenon. It is very easy to judge whether a person is impetuous, just look at the number of times he actively picks up his mobile phone in a day. According to the TED speaker, this value is generally 50 times, and in addition to 8 hours of sleep, basically every 20 minutes to turn over the phone.
What are you going to do with your phone? Look at WeChat, ticket circle, Weibo, Zhihu, Taobao, or just swipe the homepage back and forth. We are not celebrities and no one cares about your actions on social networks. However, in just a few minutes, the situation that the brain has worked hard to build is destroyed. After putting down the phone, it is likely to forget what you were doing before, and then it is difficult to enter the state for a long time. Fragmented reading is prevalent, but when you put down your phone, what can you remember?
We also found that students who graduated almost at the same time will have a huge gap after working for a few years. Some people have been able to manage a large team of hundreds of people, while some people can't even manage themselves. initiative. Everyone seems to be working, so why is there a huge difference in career development, professionalism and influence a few years later?
Deep learning is a very important concept in artificial intelligence (AI), which means that a model with a deep enough structure and a large enough capacity can complete complex tasks. Drawing on this concept, for people, deep work is high-quality work and thinking with depth and breadth. While we have such powerful brains, not everyone is good at deep work. 
(The depth of machine models has grown by leaps and bounds in recent years)
impetuous and anxious
Impetuous people often cannot persist in reading long and difficult texts, fidgeting in a lonely environment, constantly flipping through their mobile phones, and often pursuing short-term value rather than long-term gains. The brain has to switch situations repeatedly, getting more and more impetuous, and then a vicious circle, and it is easy to get tired: for example, if you try to chat with 10 people at the same time, you will be exhausted in half an hour.
Many students do not have a good habit of debugging code, and so does Mr. Desert. To give a chestnut: writing code is likely to be wrong at one time, modify it after an error, run it again, and modify it again. Each run takes a minute or two, so it's habitual to pick up the phone and then look down to see what went wrong again. After a lot of tossing, I brushed a lot of Zhihu in the morning, but didn't do much serious things. How does God write code? They will run the simulation in their brains attentively, correct the errors found in advance, and be very focused when debugging. But the difference in efficiency between the two is staggering.
We found that lazy people cannot survive. But not lazy but impetuous is not necessarily better. I used to make a list of things to do and clear the list to complete the task. Afterwards, I found that I became more and more addicted to the feeling of completing the list, and the goals set became more and more trivial, and I did not delve into the details and heights of the tasks. Although impetuous is not lazy, it seems to be busy, but in fact the quality is low. Tactical busyness cannot change strategic laziness. Without thinking about the problem, I hurried on the road and worked blindly.
Quality is far more important than quantity. Success never depends on enough things. Change depends on a few key elements. "A person's destiny, of course, depends on self-struggle, but the process of history must also be taken into account." The elders have completed three small things that are enough to be famous for eternity. For most people, it is enough to complete one important thing.
The state of deep work
In deep work, the brain is very focused and efficient, capable of dealing with complex problems. Imagine a state: under uninterrupted long-term thinking, the brain will create a sophisticated three-dimensional information network, various ideas and creativity will continue to emerge, and the efficiency of absorbing information after finding a problem will be very high.
A seemingly simple question actually has rich connotations behind it. Can you think of enough depth? Take a mathematical example: for Bayesian formula, its concept is simple, and it is well known by many science and engineering students. What problem is it originally used to solve, what conditions are there, what background knowledge is required, and further, its nature, what inferences and extensions are there, and in what fields has it been successfully applied. Being able to explain these issues clearly is enough to apply for top algorithm engineers.
Focus is a habit, and when you can stay focused on boring or inexplicable problems (like reading this article), the brain naturally picks up this skill and adapts. Focusing on work is very efficient. Although there is a huge difference in wealth, everyone has equal time. If you save working time, you will have more free time to waste.
In addition to high-quality work, deep thinking can also extend into your usual free time, certainly not encouraging to be a workaholic. Many good ideas do not come from sitting upright at the desk, but from inadvertent thinking sparks in life. When you are very interested in a problem, you unconsciously think about it subconsciously. The unintentional state can instead cause them to come to real consciousness.
散步中思考非常有效，当然要保证安全。在冗长的通勤途中，让自己尽量不玩手机，想想有哪些问题还没有解决，原本抓狂无聊的等待反而进入了平静。想象周六傍晚，一个人安静地坐在西湖边的长椅上，周边空无一人，只有几只小猫在身边玩耍。望着平静的湖面陷入沉思：最近要完成的任务，有几种方案，优劣如何，资源是否能到位，会遇到的问题和解决方案，哪个妹子比较好看（又乱入了），进一步地，制定关键节点，任务产出和产生的影响。在半小时之内，不借助笔和纸，让大脑对问题的解决路径做完整的模拟。说不定能一下子想通困扰很久的问题。
城市本来是无趣的，是人与人之间的生活，交流和竞争带来了趣味。你可以和大脑做朋友，它会为你构造漂亮的场景，创建记忆宫殿，记住令人惊讶的海量信息。大脑还可以模仿几个朋友帮你出谋划策，但千万不要陷入多重人格的陷阱啊（这个太酷了）。
一次只做一件事
不少知识和技能是很难在不同领域迁移的，但专注和深度却是任何领域都必备的素质。培养这种底层能力，便能对自身各方面都产生深远影响。问题是，如何才能保持专注？
有人认为专注需要刻意锻炼。其实只要培养离开手机和不轻易走神的习惯，就能跨出有价值的一步： 想拿起手机了，忍住；难题想不通，淡定，画张图给自己再讲一遍。这样起码能保证以半小时为单位的专注工作。多数人的大脑并不擅长并行，因此保持专注串行完成反而会更有成效。引用XBOX游戏《光环》里的士官长经常讲的一句话：“一次只做一件事”。
当然，如果要创造巨大的成果，则需要数以天计甚至以月为单位的艰辛劳动，如证明精妙的数学命题，这就需要天赋和兴趣，以及对专注度的刻苦锻炼。比尔盖茨曾抛弃所有，在8个星期里设计了BASIC语言，奠定了微软帝国的基础。他在这两个月内如此努力工作，极其疲惫时就睡一两个小时，被保罗艾伦称赞为“专注力的惊人之举”。对比看看，我们两个月能干什么呢？
可以主动创造仪式感和环境，迫使自己进入专注状态。如果可能则关掉微信和钉钉；请健身教练，因为肉疼的价钱而训练地格外起劲；经常去心仪的咖啡馆读书写作，比在家里晃悠好得多。一家企业的办公环境也很大程度上决定了员工的做事风格，互联网公司的超大开间极大地促进了信息的交流，也一定程度上导致员工难以静下心来思考问题，比如我司。而充满小隔间的笼子虽然利于个人研究，但也会降低信息流通的效率。微软的办公区设计很值得借鉴，他们有宽敞的公共空间供开放讨论，每人也有独立的办公室供深度工作，因此微软学术研究产出颇丰。
如果依然无法让自己静心和专注，那么可能就是身体的原因了。笔者最近晚上研读《黄帝内经》（有机会写篇读后感，做大数据算命），其中上古天真论中的16字令人深思：“恬淡虚无，真气从之，精神内守，病安从来”。城市产生了太多的欲望和浮躁：很多人不顺应天地之气，手机电脑一天挂在眼前，各类辐射充斥周围，夏天空调巨冷冬天又很热，平日不锻炼吃得又油腻，导致虚火过旺，不能静心，更谈不上专注和深度了。反而处在田园农舍时，听着夜半知了的声音，很容易就能静下心来，然后就困得要睡觉了...
也许你不相信中医，没关系，但是培养良好的生活习惯却是必需的。不得不说，深度工作非常消耗脑力，一两个小时的思考足够让大脑有燃烧的感觉。毕竟身体是革命的本钱。
深度工作的意义
深度工作不是成功学，更不是走向人生巅峰的灵丹妙药。它是认真对待生活，有效利用时间的态度。它并不意味着要与世隔绝不与外界交流。你可以按自己的习惯配置闭关和沟通的节奏，沟通的效率反而更高。对方会因为你之前的深度思考而感到惊喜，没有人会喜欢脱口而出的无意义观点。
深度和专注会带来巨大的不同：一般环境下，只要认真工作，就足够成为佼佼者。然而在强手如林的竞争环境下，要想出人头地，就需要对业务，产品和算法有一穿到底的体系化理解，以及深度的工作，主动地行动。虽然大公司人才济济，我们却很容易发现大家有时忙过了头，最根本的细节被忽视的现象比比皆是。再回答前面的问题，因为强者能够想清楚并规划未来，专注导致主动，主动反哺专注。因此起点相同的人几年后会有巨大的差距。
更何况，由于人力成本越来越高，AI发展日新月异，速度快成本低，且几乎不会出错，未来大量对脑力要求不高的工作将会被AI取代，尤其入门级的会计，程序员，美工等办公室白领，反而对需要与环境复杂交互的服务业冲击较小。要想在新的竞争形态中取得优势，不仅要与人竞争，还需要拥有AI不具备的模糊决策的深度思考能力。
当然，道理谁都懂，能不能身体力行则是另外一回事了，这才是竞争的分水岭。比如发完这篇文章后，我一小时就能主动拿起手机50回，哎。
作者：热情的沙漠
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/buptzym/
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