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"The purpose of doctoral training is to create more high-quality talents for national construction and social development, not to produce doctoral degrees." During the two sessions this year, the proposals for "expanding doctoral enrollment" and "adjusting the doctoral program" once again attracted attention.
As the spire of higher education in my country, doctoral education undertakes the mission of cultivating high-level innovative talents. How to improve the quality of doctoral training has always been an important issue that everyone cares about. In recent years, the reform of doctoral training has continued: expanding enrollment, canceling the unified examination, extending the school system, diverting and retiring... Every change affects the minds of countless candidates.
Enrollment, non-stop!
Under the general trend of expanding undergraduate enrollment and postgraduate enrollment, doctoral education, which is at the top of higher education, is also following up at the same frequency and expanding enrollment.
Policy broadening
Since the Ministry of Education issued a notice to recruit doctoral students in 1981, the cultivation of doctoral students in my country has gone through more than 40 years. The enrollment scale has expanded from 900 in 1981 to 125,800 in 2021, and the number of doctoral graduates has increased steadily. .
In 2022, the expansion of doctoral enrollment in major universities is also increasing. " Shanghai Jiaotong University 2022 Doctoral Student Admissions Guide (School Headquarters)" shows that the school's doctoral student enrollment has increased from about 2,800 in 2021 (including medical school) to about 3,000 (including medical school). " Nankai University 's Recruitment Guide for Doctoral Students in 2022" also shows that the school expects to recruit 1,300 doctoral students in 2022 (the final enrollment plan is subject to the enrollment plan officially issued by the Ministry of Education in 2022), compared with more than 1,100 in 2021, There has also been a sharp rise.
In the context of the expansion of doctoral enrollment, Zhuanboyou is "taken care" . In 2018, the three national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of "Double First-Class" in Colleges and Universities, which proposed to moderately expand the scale of doctoral students and accelerate the development of doctoral degree graduate education .
In September 2020, the "Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Development Plan (2020-2025)" proposed that by 2025, focusing on major national strategies, key areas and major social needs, a number of master's and doctoral degree categories will be added, and a substantial increase The number of postgraduate enrollments for doctoral degrees , and further innovation of the training model for postgraduates for professional degrees... Speed up the development of postgraduate education for doctoral degrees.
"Vigorously developing professional degree postgraduate education" is the general direction of current postgraduate education. At present, the country has an urgent demand for high-level applied talents, and the postgraduate education for doctoral degrees will also usher in a development boom. It can be said that the expansion of the professional blog is a key measure to consider what the country wants, to be anxious for the country's urgency, and to meet the country's needs.
call again
This year's two sessions, Shen Kaiju, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Committee, and doctoral tutor of Zhengzhou University Law School, focused on the reform of the doctoral enrollment quota system in colleges and universities. He believes that there is still a problem that the quota of doctoral students in colleges and universities is too strict. In the scientific research work of colleges and universities, doctoral students are the main force. There are too few doctoral enrollment indicators, it is difficult to form a research team, and it will affect the output of scientific research results. He hopes that by opening up the doctoral student enrollment index , the number of doctoral students enrolled in the school can meet the needs of the society, and then better serve the development of the country.
It is foreseeable that with the attention and support of all parties, the scale of doctoral students may continue to expand.
Exam, bye!
In recent years, more and more colleges and universities have officially announced the full implementation of the "application-assessment" system. The popularization of this system means that the era of doctoral candidates by the unified entrance examination is coming to an end.
The application assessment system has become a trend
At present, there are two main ways of enrolling doctoral students in my country, except for referrals: unified examination and application-assessment system. If the unified examination system is a test of the students’ one-year preparation results, then the application-assessment system is a test of their undergraduate and master’s achievements in 6-7 years, and it also tests their comprehensive strength.
According to incomplete statistics, among the 147 "double first-class" universities in the country, more than 90% of the universities have fully or partially implemented the application-assessment system . Whether it is to learn from international experience or from the perspective of improving the enrollment effect of doctoral students in my country, it is the general trend to change the way of recruiting doctoral students in my country from the unified examination method to the "application-assessment" system.
The direct postgraduate system is booming
As early as September 2020, the "Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Postgraduate Education in the New Era" jointly issued by the three departments put forward the key point: to expand the proportion of direct doctoral students , research and explore the recruitment of outstanding undergraduate graduates in high-precision fields for direct study. PhD approach.
In June 2021, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of Postgraduate Education in Beijing in the New Era". The "Opinions" proposed that Beijing will improve the "application-assessment" enrollment and selection mechanism for doctoral students, and expand the proportion of direct doctoral students. . In August 2021, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and other three departments put forward their opinions on accelerating the high-quality development of postgraduate education in the city in the new era . proportion . In October 2021, the Ministry of Education stated in response to the relevant proposal that it is actively conducting research on the relevant proposal to "expand the proportion of direct doctoral students", and plans to further expand the proportion of direct doctoral students . In the same year, Nanjing University and Fudan University successively announced that they will further expand the proportion of direct doctoral students in 2022 .
The newly released " Northeast Petroleum University 2022 Doctoral Student Enrollment Regulations" clearly mentioned that the proportion of enrolling master-doctoral students and direct doctoral students in each college should not be lower than 10%-15% . One-year enrollment plan.
The " Zhengzhou University 2022 Academic Degree Doctoral Admissions Guide" shows that the school has established a special program for direct doctoral students, and accepts outstanding undergraduate graduates with exemption qualifications in science, engineering, and medicine. .
There are various indications that the direct doctoral student system is becoming a striking upsurge in the current doctoral admissions.
Academic system, adjust!
The continuous expansion of enrollment and the transformation of the enrollment system have promoted the shift of the focus of doctoral training from emphasizing volume to emphasizing quality. However, the data shows that less than 40% of doctoral students can graduate on time under higher requirements, and delayed graduation has gradually become a normal phenomenon. Doctoral students who have exceeded the longest study period can only face dismissal.
The wave of educational system reform triggered by the high graduation rate is also sweeping across major colleges and universities.
Diversion landing
Under the situation that the deferred graduation rate continues to rise, voices continue to put forward suggestions for diversion, so as to alleviate the difficulty of the delayed graduation rate.
In September 2020, the "Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Early Postgraduate Education in the New Era" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance clearly proposed to improve the diversion selection mechanism and increase diversion efforts. The number of postgraduates is diverted as soon as possible, specifically, the doctoral students who do not meet the doctoral training requirements can be transferred to graduate as a master's degree.
Judging from the trend in recent years, many colleges and universities have issued detailed rules for the implementation of the "Ph. When Tsinghua University revised the "Regulations on the Training of Postgraduates for Doctoral Degrees", it clearly mentioned the need to "improve the implementation rules, assessment requirements, and diversion and withdrawal systems for qualification examinations, topic selection reports and other training links." Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Dalian University of Technology have also issued detailed "Implementation Rules for Ph.
This also means that the doctoral diversion, which was once considered "on paper", has really come.
Academic extension
In addition to the diversion mechanism, the extension of the academic system has gradually become a means for colleges and universities to deal with the problem of "the low on-time graduation rate of doctors".
Luo Yongzhang, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, also submitted the "Proposal on Adjusting the Academic System of Doctoral Students" during the two sessions this year. The proposal proposes to implement flexible management of doctoral students' graduation time, reasonably adjust the doctoral student's academic system and graduation assessment standards , and cultivate truly innovative talents for the country more efficiently.
According to reports, according to the "Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Interim Measures for the Implementation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic Degrees", the basic duration of doctoral education is 3-4 years. Higher education institutions may, according to actual needs, make changes to the school's duration of study. Adjustment.
Before this proposal, many domestic colleges and universities have begun to explore the extension of the doctoral program. In 2020, Communication University of China will promote the reform of the basic educational system for doctoral students and postgraduate students. Starting from 2021, the basic educational system for doctoral students will be changed from 3 years to 4 years, and the maximum effective study period will be changed from 8 years to 6 years. Xiamen University even directly stated in the official document "Explanation on Extending the Educational System of Doctoral Students in Our School from Three Years to Four Years" that the on-time graduation rate of the school's doctoral students is low, and the on-time graduation rate is less than 40%, and the educational system reform is inevitable. Row.
It has to be said that the extension of the school system is an exploration of and respect for the law of doctoral training, and also an encouragement to the "overaged" doctors in the ivory tower.
Graduation, lowering the threshold?
The adjustment of the educational system is not the end of this reform. There is far more than a threshold that affects the successful graduation of doctoral students. For a long time, the rigid requirement of "publishing several academic papers in domestic or foreign journals" has overwhelmed doctoral students.
Post a paper, release the limit!
Every year, a group of doctoral students complete their studies and pass the defense of their doctoral dissertation, but they cannot obtain a doctorate. The reason is that the threshold policies for doctoral degrees formulated by some universities have deprived them of the right to obtain doctoral degrees. At the two sessions this year, Zhang Xiong, a representative of the National People's Congress, put forward a proposal, calling for the correction and clean-up of the "local policy" linking doctoral dissertation applications and dissertation issuance.
In fact, in February 2020, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "Several Opinions on Regulating the Use of SCI Papers Related Indicators in Colleges and Universities and Establishing a Correct Evaluation Orientation", which mentioned that it is not appropriate to use indicators such as the number of SCI papers published and impact factors as indicators. Restrictive conditions for student graduation and degree conferral .
On this basis, many colleges and universities in my country have successively lifted the restrictions on the publication of doctoral dissertations. In June 2020, the Graduate School of Beihang University issued the "Regulations on the Evaluation of Innovative Achievements for Postgraduates Applying for Doctoral Degrees", which clarified that the publication of papers is no longer a restrictive condition for applying for a doctoral degree, and the main basis for evaluating degrees is the dissertation. In December 2020, East China Normal University formulated a work plan for outstanding graduate education, one of which is to cancel the unified requirements for the publication of doctoral dissertations . In addition, China University of Political Science and Law in May 2021, Guizhou University and Shanghai Jiaotong University in September 2021 have also cancelled the mandatory regulations for graduate students to publish papers.
Blind trial and random inspection are getting stricter!
The cancellation of the restriction on publishing doctoral dissertations is a clean-up of the unreasonable mandatory linkage policy, and does not mean that the academic standards of doctoral degrees are lowered.
From the past two years, Jiangsu University and other postgraduate dissertations have implemented 100% "blind review". The duplication check of papers is also stricter, and the duplication check even includes Chinese and English abstracts and references. The Ministry of Education's work in 2022 has been reconfirmed: carry out random inspections of doctoral and master's thesis and undergraduate graduation thesis (design), and increase the evaluation, rectification, supervision and review of colleges and universities .
A strict review and sampling system will help improve the quality of papers. While taking off the burden of publishing thesis, doctoral students should pay more attention to their graduation thesis. With the continuous improvement of the postgraduate system, more diversified evaluation methods may appear in the future.
Doctoral students, as "high-quality, top-notch" talents, are at the height that many students are eager to reach. However, choosing this path is destined to stand at the top of the pyramid and accept changes and tests from all directions. In the continuous exploration and improvement of its various systems, those who remain calm and stand out are the well-deserved doctors.
After all, quality is always the only foothold for postgraduate training. I hope that all doctors can temper their excellent qualities and abilities in this big wave of change and live up to expectations.
Copyright Notice
This article is reproduced from: Research Master | Source: Soft Science, the copyright belongs to the original author, only for academic sharing
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