The central processing unit of the calculation group: 7. The basic conceptual performance indicators and influencing factors of the instruction pipeline

Basic concepts of instruction pipeline

Definition of instruction pipeline

In different stages of instruction execution, the hardware used is different, and the control signals are different; when the hardware and control signals are different, can we execute multiple instructions in parallel at different stages of the instruction? Such a solution is called pipeline. Graphically represented:

How the instruction is executed

The representation method of the pipeline

Performance indicators of the pipeline

1. Throughput

2. Speedup

3. Efficiency

Influencing factors of instruction pipeline

Five-stage instruction pipeline

For details, please refer to the central processing unit of the calculation group: 8, five-stage instruction pipeline

Influencing factors

1. Structure related (mutual exclusion issues)

1. Method 1: Block instruction 3
2. Method 2: Divide the memory into data memory and instruction memory, that is, divide Reg into data memory and instruction memory

2. Data related (synchronization issues)

1. Suspend
2. Add nop

3. Data bypass technology

Example:

3. Control related

Classification of pipelines

Multi-send technology in pipeline

Space Division Multiplexing Technology

Time division multiplexing