CNC machine tools are the general term for machine tools that can process metal blank parts into the required shape in terms of dimensional accuracy and geometric accuracy under digital control. CNC machine tools usually consist of a control system, a servo system, a detection system, a mechanical transmission system and other auxiliary systems.
1. The gap between domestic CNC machine tools and the international advanced level is gradually narrowing
CNC machine tools are the mainstream equipment of the contemporary machinery manufacturing industry. The development of domestic CNC machine tools has experienced 30 years of ups and downs, and has entered a mature period from the growth period. It can provide 1,500 types of CNC machine tools in the market, covering super heavy machine tools, high precision machine tools, and special machines. In the fields of processing machine tools, forging equipment, and cutting-edge high-tech machine tools, the product categories can keep pace with Japan, Germany, Italy, and the United States. Especially in the fields of five-axis linkage CNC machine tools, CNC super-heavy-duty machine tools, vertical horizontal machining centers, CNC lathes, and CNC gear processing machine tools, some technologies have reached the world's advanced level. Among them, the five-axis (coordinate) linkage CNC machine tool is one of the commanding heights of CNC machine tool technology.
It integrates computer control, high-performance servo drive and precision processing technology. It is applied to the efficient, precise and automated processing of complex curved surfaces. It is urgently needed by civil and military sectors such as power generation, shipbuilding, aerospace, mold, and high-precision instruments. Key processing equipment. The application of five-axis linkage CNC machine tools has a processing efficiency equivalent to two three-axis machine tools. It can even completely eliminate the investment in certain large-scale automated production lines, greatly saving floor space and work turnover and transportation time between different manufacturing units. And costs. The variety of domestic five-axis linkage CNC machine tools is increasing. The five-axis linkage machining center, five-axis CNC milling machine, five-axis gantry milling machine, five-axis floor milling and boring machine, etc., which are restricted by international experts in China, have all been successfully developed in China, which has changed the international strong hand’s approach to CNC Monopoly in the machine tool industry.
Second, the problems of domestic CNC machine tools
As China's technological level and industrial foundation are still relatively backward, the performance, level and feasibility of CNC machine tools are still far behind that of industrialized countries, especially the control feasibility of CNC systems is still poor, and the CNC industry has not yet truly formed. Therefore, accelerating the engineering and commercialization of CNC systems, and building and perfecting CNC machine tools and CNC industry as soon as possible has become the main task at present. The main problems at present are:
1. Severe lack of core technology
Statistics show that the core technology of CNC machine tools, the CNC system, consists of displays, controller servos, servo motors, and various switches and sensors. 90% of China needs to be imported from abroad. For example, the German Jittman Group and Italian Riello Machine Tool Group, which set up factories in Shanghai, and South Korea's Daewoo General Machinery Co., Ltd., which set up factories in Yantai, have all core technologies mastered by foreign parties. The medium and high-end CNC machine tools that can be made in China are mostly in the assembly and manufacturing links, and generally do not have the core technology. The key components and key technologies of domestic CNC machine tools mainly rely on imports, and there are not many really big and strong domestic enterprises. At present, the three largest manufacturers in the world are: FANUC from Japan, Siemens from Germany, and Mitsubishi from Japan; the rest include France Twum and Spanish Van Gogh. There are Huazhong CNC and Aerospace CNC in China. The domestic CNC system has just begun to be industrialized, and the level and quality are average. All high-end systems are imported. Huazhong CNC has developed rapidly in recent years, and its software level is quite good, but it needs further improvement in electrical hardware. At present, some large domestic factories have not adopted Huazhong CNC. Numerically controlled functional components are another weak link.
2. The gap between national brands and international brands is obvious
A spot check of Guangdong machine tool users in June 2004 revealed that among the various brands of CNC machine tools, users' attention to CNC machine tool brands in Europe, Japan, the United States, South Korea, and Taiwan has accounted for more than 60% of the total market. . The gap in brand awareness has caused users to give more opportunities to some "powerful players" in the overseas CNC machine tool industry when choosing processing equipment. For example, the cylinder block production line of a Harbin Engine (Group) Co., Ltd. is a fully automatic processing line. Its rough processing uses a special machine automatic line of South Korea's Daewoo Heavy Industry, and its finishing uses a special machine automatic line of British CROSSHULLE. The cylinder head processing line is made by Germany. It is composed of a high-speed machining center and a special machine automatic line manufactured by Cross.Huller, a fully automatic online measuring machine made in Germany, a fully automatic sealing inspection machine made in Japan and a washing machine. The crankshaft production line is a fully automatic flexible production line, and the finishing line is composed of Japanese CNC high-speed CBN grinders, dynamic balancing machines, and polishing machines.
