"The Analects" is a thousand-year-old masterpiece, but it has a long history and many mistakes. There are some reasons why these mistakes have been passed down and passed down continuously, which is a pity.
(1) Stupefied by respect: Based on the respect of Confucius, the "king of all ages," scholars of later generations would not dare to correct it even if they saw the mistakes in the article. After all, this is almost the crime of decapitation.
(2) Stupefied by knowledge: There has always been a very bad tradition in commenting on ancient Chinese. That is "Analysis of Characters by Characters", "Essays by Wen". The scholars of later generations mostly focused on literature and history and deviated from science. Their knowledge was very limited, and their understanding of articles was neither high nor wide. This was particularly prominent in the Song and Ming dynasties, and some breakthroughs were made in the middle of the Qing dynasty. After liberation to 1980, it was good. After the reform and opening up, it returned to the old path of the Song and Ming dynasties. The development of literature and history has been fettered by small details, gorgeous rhetoric, strange talks, and fairy legends, and has not made any progress.
This article takes the paragraph of "The Analects of Confucius · Weizi Pian" "The four bodies are not diligent and the grains are not divided." as an example, to give a brief explanation. The version of "The Analects" you read before was flawed!
Let me explain one sentence first: I am a programmer, and I don’t care much about the nature and usage of characters, words, and other details when learning ancient Chinese. Grammar and rhetoric are completely ignorant. Only care about whether the explanation of a word or a word conforms to the logic of the whole paragraph or the whole article. Look at the notes, no matter what Zhu family, Ma family, Niu family, doubt everything!
Original text (I think there are obvious errors in this paragraph [Zi Lu Yue], so adjust it!):
Then the sub-road.
In case of Zhangren, use the rod lotus (hè) to (diào, farm tools). Zilu asked, "I see Master?"
The father-in-law said: "The four bodies are not diligent, and the grains are not divided. Who is the master?" Planting his stick and Yun (tong "yun"), the road is arched. Zhizilu stay, killing chickens for millet and eating (sì), see (xiàn) the second son Yan. Tomorrow, Zilu will go.
To sue. Zi said: "The hermit is also." Make Zilu Fant (pass "return") to see it. To, it will do.
Zilu said: "The festival of elders and children cannot be abolished; how can the righteousness of the emperor and his ministers be abolished? If you are not an official, you can do your righteousness. If you want to purify your body, you will have trouble with Dalun. It doesn’t work, it’s known."
Translation and interpretation:
Zilu traveled with Mr. (Confucius) and fell behind. (The word "后" is only used for "Queen" etc.)
Encountered an old man who was holding farm tools with a wooden stick (coming oncoming). Zilu asked, "Excuse me, has Lao Zhang ever seen a teacher-like person?"
The old man said: "I'm busy with work. I don't know how to divide my five grains into four bodies. I don't know how to divide my grains into four bodies. "No" is a function word and has no practical meaning. This sentence is inverted.). I haven't seen any teachers (people who look like people). ) Huh?" Then he inserted the stick into the ground and started weeding. (No more talk about it). Zilu (who didn't know how to deal with it for a while) stood on his side. (It's getting late at this time) The old man advised Zilu not to go anymore, and invited Zilu to stay, kill chickens and cook rice to entertain Zilu, and introduced her two sons to Zilu. The next day, Zilu left.
(After Zilu catches up with Confucius) Tell this matter, Confucius said: "(The old man) dare to be a hermit. (I want to meet)" (Then) assigned Zilu back to search. (Unfortunately) When the Zilu arrived (situ), the old man was gone.
Zilu's point of view: The etiquette between elders and children is absolutely indispensable, and the responsibilities of the ministers to the monarch are indispensable.
Zilu's point of view: If you are not an official, you don't need to discuss responsibilities. The husband wants to be an official, but it is also for responsibility. (But if you become an official, but) want to cleanse yourself, this is not in line with common sense. (So, Zilu talks about facts) Sir, you should know why your "Tao" often doesn't work.
also:
For a period of time, intellectuals (Smelly Laojiu) were often ridiculed by "the four are not working, and the grains are not divided."
Where and where?