Detailed tutorial on installing oracle12c in centOs graphical interface

1. Create swap partition

    Use the dd command to create a 20G swap partition
        dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=100M count=200

    After the command is executed, format the partition
        mkswap /home/swap

    Set the formatted file partition to swap partition
        swapon /home/swap

    Set and mount
        vi /etc/fstab
    and paste the following into 
        /home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

    Then execute the command to make the setting effective.
        mount -a 
    has completed the setting at this time, and you can check the partition status through df -h    

2. Install dependent packages

        yum install binutils -y
        yum install compat-libcap1 -y
        yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
        yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
        yum install glibc -y
        yum install glibc.i686 -y
        yum install glibc-devel -y
        yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
        yum install ksh -y
        yum install libaio -y
        yum install libaio.i686 -y
        yum install libaio-devel -y
        yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
        yum install libX11 -y
        yum install libX11.i686 -y
        yum install libXau -y
        yum install libXau.i686 -y
        yum install libXi -y
        yum install libXi.i686 -y
        yum install libXtst -y
        yum install libXtst.i686 -y
        yum install libgcc -y
        yum install libgcc.i686 -y
        yum install libstdc++ -y
        yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
        yum install libstdc++-devel -y
        yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
        yum install libxcb -y
        yum install libxcb.i686 -y
        yum install make -y
        yum install nfs-utils -y
        yum install net-tools -y
        yum install smartmontools -y
        yum install sysstat -y
        yum install unixODBC -y
        yum install unixODBC-devel -y        

3. Create a new group and user

    groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
    groupadd -g 54322 dba
    groupadd -g 54323 oper

    useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

        You don’t have to follow the name oinstall and dba, but in general documents, it’s called the 
        oinstall group for installing the database. The 
        dba group is used to manage the database. 
        -g represents the main group of 
        this user -G identifies other groups of this user

        A user can belong to multiple user groups, but a user can only specify one group as its primary group

4. Modify the settings SELINUX

    vi /etc/selinux/config
        SELINUX=permissive

5. Disable the firewall

    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld

6. Create the oracle installation directory

    mkdir -p /home/oracle/products/oracle12c
    chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
    chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/

7. Configure environment variables and verify under the oracle user

    vi .bash_profile
        export TMP=/tmp
        export TMPDIR=$TMP

        export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle12c
        export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
        export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/products/oracle12c
        export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle12c
        export ORACLE_SID=orcl

        export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
        export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

        export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
        export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
    

Note: The above hostname = oracle12c in oracle12c is the hostname source.bash_profile set in vi /etc/hostname to
    make the file effective immediately

8. Set system information

    vim /etc/sysctl.conf
        kernel.shmmni = 4096

        kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

        net.core.rmem_default = 262144

        net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

        net.core.wmem_default = 262144

        net.core.wmem_max = 262144

        net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500

        fs.file-max=65536

        fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

    Use the sysctl -p command to make the file effective immediately

9. Decompress the database (Note: To upload the database compression package to the oracle user) 

    unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip  -d /home/oracle 

10. Install

    cd /home/oralce/database
    ./runInstaller After
    performing the above two steps, wait a moment to see the installation page

    The installation process is roughly the same as the oracle process
    

During the prerequisite check, several errors may occur, one is a soft limit, and the other is a hard limit.

Modify the following files, paste the following lines in, save and exit

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240

If it does not take effect, you need to restart the oracle user, and then perform the installation again to complete.

 

The last step is to wait for the database installation to complete.

 

There should be no problem with database monitoring.

 

There is another problem with the character set. The default installation may be ZHS8GBK or AL32UTF8

To modify the character set, use the following command

SQL>select userenv('language') from dual;

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

SQL>STARTUP MOUNT

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL>STARTUP;

SQL>select userenv('language') from dual;