Smart city refers to the use of various information technologies or innovative concepts to open up and integrate the city's systems and services, realize thedeep integration of informationization , industrialization and urbanization , enhance the effectiveness of urban management and improve the quality of life of citizens.
Smart cities usea series of latest large-scale commercial technologies suchas cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data,artificial intelligenceand AR augmented realityto createthe nervous system and urban brain of a smart city .
The five technologies that constitute the core of smart city infrastructure will be explained one by one:
1. Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things refers to the acquisition, monitoring and access of various devices and technologies such as various information sensors, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system, infrared sensors, laser scanners, etc., to realize the intelligent perception, identification and management of objects and processes.
For example, based on passenger flow and ticket sales information at a railway station, transportation agencies can re-arrange train routes to meet changing needs. Similarly, health, safety and environmental agencies can monitor the pollution level of water bodies and notify the responsible personnel to take remedial measures. In some cases, IoT actuators can automatically initiate response measures in emergency situations, such as stopping the supply of contaminated water to households.
Therefore, the Internet of Things network and sensors will essentially constitute the nervous system of a smart city, passing key information to the controlling entity, and relaying response commands to the appropriate endpoints.
Second, big data analysis (Big Data)
All aspects of smart city applications will be mainly driven by data. With the help of IoT sensors and other advanced data collection methods, as the amount, speed and variety of data generated increase, the demand for large-capacity analysis tools will be greater than ever.
Big data analysis tools have been used by governments in a wide range of applications, from predicting the likelihood of crime in specific areas of a city to preventing crimes such as child trafficking and child abuse. As the Internet of Things can collect data from a large number of new resources, big data analysis will be used in all fields including education, healthcare, and transportation.
For example, big data analysis can help the education sector detect trends such as low enrollment rates, thereby preventing such results. Big data can also be used to find the causes of such problems and plan remedial measures. Therefore, big data will become a key decision support for smart city governments.
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence will be based on the Internet of Things and big data functions. Artificial intelligence can support big data and IoT plans in smart cities by automating intelligent decision-making. Artificial intelligence is a new technological science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems used to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence.
In fact, the ability of the Internet of Things to initiate responsive actions will be largely driven by some or other forms of artificial intelligence. In smart cities, the most obvious application area of artificial intelligence is to automate a large number of data-intensive related tasks, such as providing basic citizen services in the form of chatbots.
However, the true value of artificial intelligence can use advanced AI applications such as deep learning and computer vision to cope with the problems faced by smart city operations. For example, traffic managers can use computer vision to analyze traffic screens to identify illegal parking by drivers. Computer vision can also be used to find and report vehicles related to criminal acts to help law enforcement agencies track criminals.
Deep reinforcement learning can also be used to automatically optimize resources according to emerging needs in smart cities. With the help of reinforcement learning, the government can improve its operational efficiency because these AI systems can become better with experience.
Fourth, 5G
Smart cities are built on the real-time communication and information sharing capabilities of their different departments to ensure complete synchronization in operations. By achieving this synchronization, the government can ensure that its citizens have timely access to critical services such as healthcare, emergency response, and transportation. Thus, not only can the convenience of citizens' urban life be ensured, but also their safety and overall well-being can be improved.
For example, in an emergency such as an explosion or fire, real-time communication between the fire department, city ambulance service, and traffic control department can ensure perfect real-time coordination between these entities, thereby minimizing casualties.
In order to achieve this seamless communication between different government entities, it is important to have a communication network that can handle a large amount of communication with low latency and high reliability. Despite sharing large amounts of data in real time, the government can ensure that all government agencies can work together seamlessly by using 5G communication technology.
5. Augmented Reality (AR)
Providing citizens with timely services means ensuring that government personnel are provided with the information they need to perform their tasks effectively. For example, doctors in government health centers must be provided with information about the patients being treated. Or, workers responsible for repairing damaged railway lines should be updated with track layouts and accurately determine the location of damaged parts.
By using AR headsets, such information can be forwarded to workers in real time when they need it. This can minimize the effort and time required for workers to find necessary information. This allows them to take immediate action. Traffic management personnel can also use AR to obtain real-time information about illegal parking and stolen vehicles through smart glasses or smart phone applications, and improve the efficiency of urban traffic operation management.
All in all, each of these smart city technologies are interdependent. To realize a truly smart city, these technologies must be effectively combined.
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