[第三方网上支付](http://www.wiipay.cn/)是指拥有一定程度的实力和一定程度的信誉保障度且和与国内各大银行签约的独立的第三方机构所提供的交易支持平台，它的具体流程是：首先，在网上买卖双方达成一定的协议后，买方通过第三方机构所提供的交易平台把货款预付给第三方，由其暂管，等到买方确认收货后告知第三方，第三方再将之前买家的预付款付给卖方，完成交易。
Initially, the purpose of third-party payment was to solve the problem of inconvenient transfers caused by the difference in bank cards between buyers and sellers in the case of small e-commerce payments. There are currently two main forms of third-party payment in China. The first is payment tools such as Alipay that rely on large websites such as customer to customer. The second is the third-party payment platform that integrates multiple payment methods (such as online payment, telephone payment, etc.) together. The third-party payment in this article refers specifically to third-party online payment.
(1) Third-party online payment companies do not have corresponding access supervision and no clear legal status.
"Management Measures for Payment Services of Non-Financial Institutions" was promulgated by the Central Bank. It clearly stipulates that no non-financial institution can engage in payment business without approval by the Central Bank. Third-party payment companies are payment intermediaries, which are in the "gray zone" of the handover of financial business and network operations. China's "Commercial Banking Law" stipulates that financial institutions must be approved by the CBRC before they can engage in intermediary business of commercial banks, other enterprises and Institutions cannot engage in activities similar to this. However, third-party private payment institutions such as Alipay and Tenpay are outside the strict management scope of the central bank, without the protection of relevant legal provisions, and the financial services they engage in have not been officially recognized by the central bank.
(2) Third-party online payment companies have integrity issues and moral hazards.
At present, the Chinese government has no strict qualification review of third-party payment companies, and the third-party payment companies' entry threshold is not high. As a result, the number of small payment companies continues to increase, resulting in increased integrity issues and moral hazard. Since third-party payment companies provide payment intermediary services, there is no clear supervision and management method on how to avoid payment crises, how to ensure the safety of customer transaction funds, and who will supervise their integrity and moral hazard.
(3) The third-party online payment market protects consumers' privacy rights and fund safety.
Continued disorderly competition will lead to mergers and acquisitions and merger and acquisition transformation of third-party payment companies. It will be a very serious question how users' funds will be preserved and refunded when the third-party payment company temporarily suspends business or closes. At present, consumers who receive third-party services lack strong protection against operational and policy risks. In addition, there is a risk that consumers' personal online data will be leaked when the third-party payment company terminates the service. The leakage of personal data will be a huge financial loss for users. There is no clear regulatory requirement on how to protect the security of users' personal payment data.
(4) The third-party payment has a single profit model and fierce competition in the enclosure.
With the increase of third-party payment companies in our country, the competition in the industry is very fierce, mainly manifested in: exhausting various methods to buy customers, free strategies, and vicious competition. Third-party payment depends on charging fees to survive in the gap between banks and users. Its profit model is relatively simple and the problem is serious. Blind disordered competition has greatly reduced the profits of enterprises, and many enterprises are limited by the problem of profitability. At present, under the influence of the free strategy led by Alipay, it is more difficult for third-party payment companies to make profits.
(5) The third-party payment is facing double attacks: "super online banking" and banks.
Since August 2010, ", Super Online Banking", as an important part of the central bank's second-generation payment system, has gradually been launched. In addition to third-party payment companies, many banks have accepted the central bank's acceptance of some of the functions of ".Super Online Banking" and some of the functions of third-party payment (such as: inter-bank transfer function, inter-bank payment function, etc.). It can be seen that the competition between the third-party payment company and the banks it relies on to vigorously promote the online payment business is inevitable.
(6) Third-party online payment platforms may face the risk of money laundering.
Fake transaction payment platforms (supervised account payment model) and non-transactional payment platforms (non-supervised account payment model) provided by third-party payment companies can transfer funds into account, which may become illegal cash out, transfer, Tools for money laundering and crimes. How to strengthen the risk supervision and crack down on online illegal cashing, money laundering and other criminal acts will also become the risks faced by the third-party payment market.
(7) Risk of capital precipitation.
Precipitated funds refer to the collection of customer advances temporarily deposited in the accounts of third-party payers before the buyer and seller have not completed the transaction. Due to the volume of online transactions and the huge amount of transactions, there is a large amount of payment in the third-party payment platform. Delayed delivery and delayed settlement sometimes occur, and the third party accumulates a large amount of stable deposited funds.
Because third-party payment companies can directly control transaction funds, there is a risk that they may go beyond supervision and use client trading funds beyond their authority.
(8) Third-party payment faces technical risks.
Because the third-party payment platform can provide interfaces for multiple banks, this implies a certain technical risk. If the technology of the third-party payment platform is not surpassed, the user's online banking password and personal information will be stolen, which will bring huge losses to customers. The loss will also have a serious impact on the entire online banking system.
