Q1: Five basic components of Von Neumann computer
A: Five major components of arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device
The arithmetic unit and controller are now integrated in the CPU (central processing unit)
Q2: What is a Turing machine
The so-called Turing machine refers to an abstract machine, which has an infinitely long paper strip, which is divided into small squares one by one, and each square has a different color. A machine head moves around on the paper tape. The machine head has a set of internal states and some fixed procedures. At each moment, the machine head must read a grid of information from the current paper tape, and then look up the program table with its own internal state, output information to the paper tape grid according to the program, and convert its internal state To move.
That is, the process of using paper and pen to perform mathematical operations is abstracted, and a virtual machine replaces humans for mathematical operations.
Q3: What is Moore's Law? ("Principles of Computer Composition - Study Guide" p21 )
Moore's Law was proposed by Gorden Moore of Intel Corporation. The content is that when the price is unchanged, the number of components that can be accommodated on the integrated circuit will double every 18 to 24 months, and the performance will double. That is, the performance of a computer that can be bought for every dollar will double every year and a half to two years. Revealed the speed of information technology progress.
Although this trend has continued for a long time, it has slowed down.
Q4: What is USB
(Universal Serial Bus) Universal traversing bus is an external bus standard used to regulate the connection and communication between computers and external devices. It is an interface technology applied in the PC field. The USB interface supports plug-and-play and hot-swap functions of the device.
The goal of the next generation of USB should be to support both sides of the plug, and the transmission of data signals is strong.
Q5: What is the ROM and RAM , IBM PC 's bois in which one of the two in
- Both ROM and RAM are semiconductor memories
- ROM is a read-only memory, and it will not be lost when power off, but EPROM has also appeared with the development of technology. You can rewrite the ROM, but the number of flashing is limited
- RAM is readable and writable, but it is lost after power failure.
- bois is stored in the ROM, when the program is turned on, the program is read into the RAM and loaded
- In the single chip microcomputer, ROM is used as the program memory, and RAM is used as the data memory
- General memory is composed of RAM, while disk and external memory are composed of ROM
Q6: What is an interrupt and the processing of interruption
- Interruption means that when the computer executes a program, when an exception or special request occurs, the computer stops the currently running program and executes the interrupt processing program. After the processing is completed, it returns to the interruption of the current program and continues to execute the original program. .
- The processing process includes: closing the interrupt, saving the breakpoint, identifying the interrupt source / interrupt service program addressing, (these three steps are automatically completed by the hardware), and then saving the scene and the mask word, opening the interrupt, executing the interrupt service program, restoring the scene, interrupting Return, the next step is completed by the interrupt service routine
Q7: Interrupt vector table
- The interrupt vector is the entry address of the interrupt service routine
- The interrupt vector table is to store all interrupt type codes and their corresponding interrupt vectors in a register according to a certain rule in the system
- Such as the IP and IE registers in the 51 single-chip microcomputer, through the arrangement of each bit to apply various interrupts
Q8: CPU and its components
- The CPU is the core component of the computer and is composed of an arithmetic unit and a controller. The function of the controller is to be responsible for coordinating and controlling each computer component to execute the instruction sequence of the program; the arithmetic unit is responsible for calculating the data
- The basic structure of the CPU is the arithmetic unit and the controller.
- The operator receives the command sent by the controller and executes the corresponding operation to process the data. The arithmetic unit includes ALU arithmetic logic unit, temporary storage register, accumulation register ACC, general register group GR, program status word register PSW, shifter, counter, etc.
- The controller is the command center of the entire computer system. Under the control of the controller, the other components operate according to the instructions. The basic function of the controller is to execute instructions. The controller is mainly composed of program counter PC, instruction register IR, instruction decoding, memory address register, memory data register, timing system and micro-operation signal generator
Q9: What is a compiler
- The compiler is to translate all the statements of the high-level language program (source program) written by the user into executable machine language programs at once. As long as the source program is unchanged, there is no need to compile again.
Q10: The difference between RAID0 and RAID5
- RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks, a redundant array of independent disks, an array of independent disks with redundant capabilities. The disk array is composed of many independent disks to form a larger capacity disk group. Can provide higher speed and security of ordinary disk.
- RAID0 is the earliest RAID mode, that is, data striping technology. It is the simplest form. It consists of more than 2 disks. The cost is low, which can improve the performance and throughput of the entire disk, but it does not provide redundancy or The ability to fix errors, so the implementation cost is also the lowest.
- RAID5 distributed parity independent disk structure. Each disk has a parity code for error detection, which improves reliability. However, at least three or more hard disks are required, which is suitable for large data volume operations and has a relatively high cost.
