Study notes __ computer super basic knowledge

The study notes comes from watching B station "true white welfare, you know completely from zero with computer programmers and necessary foundation" courses

Time: 2020.4.8-2020.4.9

Gain: The biggest gain for me in this video is that I learned the application of the Markdown language, because the format of some articles I wrote before was a bit messy. It is also convenient for me to learn this format management. Second is the knowledge of some simple cmd commands.

table of Contents:

1. Computer hardware

2. Computer software

3. Software Architecture

Four, hex

5. Some simple operations of the computer

Six, Markdown syntax

Seven, programming language

1. Computer hardware

The Von Neumann computer model has five parts:

Operator
Controller
Memory
Input
Output

Microcomputer hardware mainly includes:

CPU, motherboard, hard drive, memory, graphics card, mouse, keyboard, chassis, power supply, optical drive. (CPU, motherboard, hard disk, memory should be focused on)

(1)CPU

也叫中央处理器(center processing unit)
计算机系统的运算和控制中心,是信息处理、程序运行的最终执行单元。

生产商:intel、AMD

(2) Hard disk (disk, head, motor)

常见的外存储器;
存储在硬盘上的数据可以永久化存储;
我们编辑一个文件保存时就是把文件保存在硬盘上,叫做将数据写在硬盘上;打开文件就是在硬盘上读取数据。

(3) Memory

用于临时存储数据,提高运行速度。

2. Computer software

Software classification:

a system software:
operating systems, database management systems

B. Application software

3. Software Architecture

(1) C / S architecture:

Client和Server:客户端和服务器端

优点:交互性强、具有安全的存取模式、网络通信量低、响应速度快、利于处理大量数据。

(2) B / S architecture:

Browser和Server:浏览器和服务器端

优点:维护方便、开发简单且共享性强、成本低
缺点:对服务器要求高、数据传输速度慢

Front end (browser, app, client)
back end (server)

Four, hex

Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal

All files in the computer are stored on the hard disk in the form of binary (0, 1).

1byte (byte) = 1bit
1024 bytes = 1KB
1024KB = 1MB
1024MB = 1TB

5. Some simple operations of the computer

(1) Hold down the Shift key and then right-click to delete permanently.

(2)cmd

打开cmd:
	win + r再输入cmd回车


cmd命令:

切换盘符:
	盘符名称 + 冒号

查看当前文件夹的内容:
	dir

进入单级文件夹:
	cd + 文件夹名称

回退单级文件夹:
	cd ..

进入多级文件夹:
	cd 文件夹名称1/文件夹名称2/.....

直接推到盘符:
	cd \

清屏:
	cls

退出:
	exit

打开文件:
	文件名.后缀名

删除文件夹:
	rd 文件夹名 /s

删除文件:
	del 文件名.后缀名

(3) Environment variables:

Environment variables generally refer to some parameters used in the operating system to specify the operating environment of the operating system. Such as: temporary folder location and system folder location.

The purpose of configuring environment variables: so that we can run the program we want in any directory.

Location:
My Computer-> Right-click Properties-> Advanced (Environment Variables)-> System Variables-> Path Edit
(Add the exe file path to the path to run the program we want in any directory)

Six, Markdown

(1) Basic grammar

Title element:

#		1号标题(字体最大)

##		2号标题

###		3号标题

####	4号标题

#####	5号标题

######	6号标题

Block element (reference):

> 区块内容

Emphasize elements:

	(里面的*号可以用_代替,效果一样)	
	斜体:		*斜体内容*
	粗体: 	**粗体内容**
加粗+斜体:	   ***内容***

List elements:

* 列表内容
想要二级列表直接在该内容后面回车,然后按Tab键

(2) Advanced grammar

Dividing line:

*** 回车
___ 回车(三个下划线)
--- 回车

Hyperlink:

行内式,格式:
		[超链接名字](具体的url)

参考式:
	[别名]:具体的url

使用例子:
第一步,给网址起一个别名
[百度]:https://www.baidu.com

我不知道怎么办,我要[查][百度]一下。

这里的第一个[]里写要显示的内容,第二个[]里写自己取得别名,就可以实现点击 查 字,直接跳转到百度了。

image:

(行内式)格式:
	![图片的名字](图片的地址)
	
(参考式)格式:
	第一步:起一个名字表示一张图片
			[别名]:图片地址
	第二步:使用刚起的名字
			![使用的地方][别名]
		
	同上面的一样,但下面这个的感叹号不要忘记了
	

Seven, programming language

Evolution: machine language-> assembly language-> high-level language (process-oriented language, object-oriented language (OO))

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