(Les16 执行数据库恢复)-表空间恢复

NOARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了数据文件

数据库处于NOARCHIVELOG模式时,如果丢失任何数据文件,执行以下步骤

1.如果实例尚未关闭,请关闭实例

2.从备份还原整个数据库,包括所有数据文件和控制文件

3.打开数据库

4.让用户重新输入自上次备份以来所做的所有更改

ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了非关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO除外）

仅仅恢复当前数据文件不用整库恢复,不需要停机

1.数据文件离线

2.restore数据文件，介质恢复

3.recover事务

4.数据文件联机

ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO...）

数据库关键性数据文件丢失，需要停机恢复

1.实例可能会也可能不会自动关闭。如果未自动关闭，请使用SHUTDOWN ABORT关闭实例

2.装载数据库，MOUNT

3.还原并恢复缺失的数据文件，restore datafile/database

4.recover datafile/database

5.打开数据库

归档模式下恢复非关键表空间

set linesize 300
set pagesize 600
col file_name format a50
col tablespace_name format a20
select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
 
 
创建一个非关键表空间进行测试
 
create tablespace redo_data  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M;
 
 
 
SQL> create tablespace redo_data  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M;
 
Tablespace created.
 
SQL> set linesize 300
set pagesize 600
col file_name format a50
col tablespace_name format a20
select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
 
 
TABLESPACE_NAME      FILE_NAME
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------
USERS                /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf
UNDOTBS1             /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf
SYSAUX               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf
REDO_DATA            /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
 
 
 
 
 
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
 
对数据进行一次完全备份
 
RMAN> shutdown immediate
RMAN> startup mount
RMAN> run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/backup/backup01_%U' ;
backup as compressed backupset database;
backup current controlfile;
alter database open;
}
 
 
RMAN> list backup;
 
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    321.23M    DISK        00:00:38     22-MAY-18
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20180522T151208
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf
  2       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf
  3       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf
  4       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf
  5       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8       Full    1.05M      DISK        00:00:03     22-MAY-18
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20180522T151208
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_09t3horl_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-18
  SPFILE db_unique_name: XIOCPT0
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982      Ckp time: 22-MAY-18
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9       Full    9.64M      DISK        00:00:01     22-MAY-18
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20180522T151257
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_0at3horp_1_1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982      Ckp time: 22-MAY-18
 
 
 
创建表并指定表空间
 
SQL> create table REDO_DATA(
  2  id number,
  3  name varchar2(20)
  4  )
  5  tablespace REDO_DATA;
 
Table created.
 
SQL> declare
v_count number;
 
begin
  for i in 1..1000 loop
  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);
  end loop;
end;
/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete.
 
SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      1000
 
 
 
 
恢复非关键表空间
 
 
sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline';---离线需恢复的表空间
 
 
restore tablespace redo_data;---还原表空间
recover tablespace redo_data;---恢复表空间，期间的事务进行应用
  
  
sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online';---恢复完成，将表空间在线
 
 
删除数据文件
SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
 
SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      1000
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete.
 
SQL> declare
v_count number;
 
begin
  for i in 1..1000 loop
  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);
  end loop;
end;
/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete.
 
SQL>  select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      2000
 
SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory
 
SQL> select table_name ,tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='REDO_DATA';
 
TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ --------------------
REDO_DATA                      REDO_DATA
 
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
 
System altered.
 
SQL>  alter system checkpoint;
 
System altered.
 
SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      2000
 
SQL> declare
v_count number;
 
begin
  for i in 1..1000 loop
  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);
  end loop;
end;
/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> declare
v_count number;
 
begin
  for i in 1..1000 loop
  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);
  end loop;
end;
/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> declare
v_count number;
 
begin
  for i in 1..1000 loop
  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);
  end loop;
end;
/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete.
 
SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory
 
SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
select count(*) from REDO_DATA
                     *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 5 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf'
 
 
开始执行还原/恢复操作
 
RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline';
 
sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data offline
 
RMAN>
restore tablespace redo_data;
RMAN>
 
Starting restore at 22-MAY-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 tag=TAG20180522T151208
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 22-MAY-18
 
RMAN>   recover tablespace redo_data;
 
Starting recover at 22-MAY-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
starting media recovery
 
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 74 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 75 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 76 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 77 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 78 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 79 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 80 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 81 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_81.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 82 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_82.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 83 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_83.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 84 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_84.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 85 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_85.arc
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc thread=1 sequence=74
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc thread=1 sequence=75
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc thread=1 sequence=76
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc thread=1 sequence=77
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc thread=1 sequence=78
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc thread=1 sequence=79
archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc thread=1 sequence=80
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 22-MAY-18
 
RMAN>   sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online';
 
sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data online
 
 
 
SQL>  select count(*) from REDO_DATA;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
      5000

归档模式下恢复关键表空间