常用的Sql语句 （Sqlserver）

目录

• 1 、创建表
• 2、追加字段-删除字段
• 3、随机数
• 4、时间转字符串
• 5、查询年、月、日
• 6、Case、When、Then
• 7、获取新增Sql的Id
• 8、增加序号
• 9、Try-Catch
• 10、与时间相关的Sql查询
• 11、查询sql执行时间和CPU占用时间和I/O操作情况
• 12、替换
• 13、删除表、清空表、复制表
• 14、清理日志
• 15、锁表查询、解锁
• 16、Sql语句性能Top10 
• 17、查询 表信息
• 18、查询表说明
• 19、查询表字段详情
• ok！！！

---

1 、创建表

--删除表
--DROP TABLE [dbo].[表名]


--创建表
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[System_Code_InstallationPeriod] (
[Id] INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
[Name] nvarchar(50) NULL  DEFAULT '默认值', 
[TypeId] INT NULL,
[Money] money NULL,
[CreatePeople] nvarchar(50) NULL ,
[CreateTime] datetime NULL ,
[ModifyPeople] nvarchar(50) NULL ,
[ModifyTime] datetime NULL 
)

--添加表说明
EXECUTE sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'安装时段表',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',N'[表名]',NULL,NULL
--删除表说明
--EXEC sp_dropextendedproperty N'MS_Description','user','dbo','table', '[表名]', NULL,NULL

--添加字段说明
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【创建人】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',N'[表名]',N'column',N'[字段名]'
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【创建时间】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',N'[表名]',N'column',N'[字段名]'
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【修改人】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',N'[表名]',N'column',N'[字段名]'
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【修改时间】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',N'[表名]',N'column',N'[字段名]'

--删除字段说明
--EXEC sp_dropextendedproperty N'MS_Description', 'user','dbo', 'table', '表名', 'column','字段名'

2、追加字段-删除字段

--添加字段
alter table [表名] ADD [字段名]INT NULL;
alter table [表名] ADD [字段名]nvarchar(50) NULL;

--添加字段说明
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【项目名称】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',[表名]',N'column',[字段名]';
EXECUTE   sp_addextendedproperty   N'MS_Description',N'【项目名称】',N'user',N'dbo',N'table',[表名]',N'column',[字段名]';

--删除字段
ALTER TABLE [表名] DROP COLUMN [字段名]

3、随机数

SELECT ltrim(floor(rand()*10000))

4、时间转字符串

--2018-11-13
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50) , GETDATE(), 23 ) AS 'TIME'

--2018-11-13 18:46:14
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50) , GETDATE(), 20 ) AS 'TIME'

--2019-01-14 17:15:59.920
select convert(varchar(50),GETDATE(),121)

5、查询年、月、日

SELECT
    CONVERT (VARCHAR(4),YEAR(GETDATE())) AS '年',
    CONVERT (VARCHAR(4),MONTH(GETDATE())) AS '月',
    CONVERT (VARCHAR(4),DAY(GETDATE())) AS '日'

6、Case、When、Then

SELECT 
CASE Sex 
WHEN 0 THEN '女'
WHEN 1 THEN '男'
ELSE ''
END AS '性别'
FROM
    [表名]


SELECT
CASE
WHEN w_grade >= 90 THEN'A'
WHEN w_grade >= 80 AND w_grade <= 89 THEN 'B'
WHEN w_grade >= 70 AND w_grade <= 79 THEN 'C'
WHEN w_grade >= 60 AND w_grade <= 69 THEN 'D'
ELSE 'E'
END AS '成绩评定'
FROM
    [表名]

7、获取新增Sql的Id

SELECT @@IDENTITY --得到的是跨域最新id

SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('[表名]')--得到的是指定表的最新id

SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() --得到的是当前数据库中的最后插入表的id

8、增加序号

SELECT row_number () OVER (ORDER BY Id) AS '序号' ,* FROM [dbo].[表名]

9、Try-Catch

BEGIN TRY 
SELECT 5 / 0
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH 
SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() AS '错误描述',
             ERROR_NUMBER() AS '错误号',
             ERROR_SEVERITY() AS '严重级别',
             ERROR_STATE() AS '错误状态号',
             ERROR_LINE() AS '出错的行号',
             ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS '发生错误的存储过程名或触发器名'
END CATCH

10、与时间相关的Sql查询

--20190306094000
select convert(varchar(8),GETDATE(),112)+replace(convert(varchar(8),GETDATE(),114),':','')

--20190306094332437
select convert(varchar(8),GETDATE(),112)+replace(convert(varchar(12),GETDATE(),14),':','')

--当月天数
select day(dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(m, DATEDIFF(m,0,getdate())+1,0)))

---当月第一天
select dateadd(d,-day(getdate())+1,getdate())

---当月最后一天
select dateadd(d,-day(getdate()),dateadd(m,1,getdate()))

--明年上月的最后一天此时
select dateadd(d,-day(getdate()),dateadd(m,12,getdate()))

--当月第一个星期一
SELECT DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk, '', DATEADD(dd, 6 - DAY(getdate()), getdate())), '')

--今天的所有数据
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(dd,CreateTime,getdate())=0

--昨天的所有数据
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(dd,CreateTime,getdate())=1

--7天内的所有数据
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(dd,CreateTime,getdate())<=7

--30天内的所有数据
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(dd,CreateTime,getdate())<=30

--本月的所有数据：
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(mm,CreateTime,getdate())=0

--本年的所有数据
select * from [表名] where DateDiff(yy,CreateTime,getdate())=0

--查询今天是今年的第几天
select datepart(dayofyear,getDate())

--查询今天是本月的第几天
select datepart(dd, getDate())  
select day(getDate())

--查询本周的星期一日期是多少 （注意：指定日期不能是周日，如果是周日会计算到下周一去。所以如果是周日要减一天）
SELECT DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,0,getdate()),0)

--查询昨天日期
select convert(char,dateadd(DD,-1,getdate()),121) 

--查询本月第一天日期
Select DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0) as firstday

--查询本月最后一天日期
Select dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,getdate())+1, 0)) as lastday 

--本月有多少天
select datepart(dd,dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(mm,1,cast((cast(year(getdate()) as varchar)+'-'+cast(month(getdate()) as varchar)+'-01' ) as datetime ))))

--求两个时间段相差几天
select datediff(day,'2016/5/17','2016/8/20') as daysum

--在指定的日期上±N天
select convert(char,dateadd(dd,1,getdate()),111) as riqi    

--在指定的日期上±N分钟：//查询当前时间15分钟之前的日期
select dateadd(mi,-15,getdate())  

11、查询sql执行时间和CPU占用时间和I/O操作情况

--查看执行时间和cpu占用时间

set statistics time on
select * from [表名]
set statistics time off

--查看查询对I/0的操作情况

set statistics io on
select * from [表名]
set statistics io off

12、替换

UPDATE [表名] SET [字段] = replace([字段], '替换前内容', '替换后内容');

13、删除表、清空表、复制表

DROP TABLE 表名称  --删除表
TRUNCATE TABLE 表名称  --清空表中的数据
select * into 目标表名 from 源表名

14、清理日志

USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE 要清理的数据库名称 SET RECOVERY SIMPLE WITH NO_WAIT
GO
ALTER DATABASE 要清理的数据库名称 SET RECOVERY SIMPLE   --简单模式
GO
USE 要清理的数据库名称
GO
DBCC SHRINKFILE (N'要清理的数据库名称_log' , 2, TRUNCATEONLY)  --设置压缩后的日志大小为2M，可以自行指定
GO
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE 要清理的数据库名称 SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT
GO
ALTER DATABASE 要清理的数据库名称 SET RECOVERY FULL  --还原为完全模式
GO

15、锁表查询、解锁

--查看被锁表：
SELECT
request_session_id spid,
OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
FROM
sys.dm_tran_locks
WHERE
resource_type = 'OBJECT' 
ORDER BY request_session_id ASC


-- 解锁：
DECLARE @spid INT
SET @spid = 52 --锁表进程
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR (1000)
SET @SQL = 'kill ' + CAST (@spid AS VARCHAR) 
EXEC (@SQL)

16、Sql语句性能Top10 

SELECT TOP 10
st.text AS [父级完整语句],
SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END  - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) as [统计对应的部分语句],
CAST( ((qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000000.0)/qs.execution_count) AS DECIMAL(28,2) ) AS [平均消耗秒数],
CAST(qs.last_elapsed_time / 1000000.0 AS DECIMAL(28, 2)) AS [最后完成消耗秒数],
qs.last_execution_time AS [最后执行时间],
CAST(qs.min_elapsed_time / 1000000.0 AS DECIMAL(28, 2)) AS [最小消耗秒数],
CAST(qs.max_elapsed_time / 1000000.0 AS DECIMAL(28, 2)) AS [最大消耗秒数],
CAST(qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000000.0 AS DECIMAL(28, 2)) AS [总消耗秒数],
(qs.execution_count) AS [总执行次数],
creation_time AS [编译计划的时间],
CAST(qs.last_worker_time / 1000000.0 AS DECIMAL(28, 2)) AS [最后完成占用CPU秒数]
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp
WHERE qs.last_execution_time>DATEADD(n,-30,GETDATE())
ORDER BY qs.last_worker_time DESC

17、查询 表信息

SELECT
表名=case   when   a.colorder=1   then   d.name   else   ''   end,
表说明=case   when   a.colorder=1   then   isnull(f.value,'')   else   ''   end,
字段序号=a.colorder,
字段名=a.name,
标识=case   when   COLUMNPROPERTY(   a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1   then   '√'else   ''   end,
主键=case   when   exists(SELECT   1   FROM   sysobjects   where   xtype='PK'   and   name   in   (
SELECT   name   FROM   sysindexes   WHERE   indid   in(
SELECT   indid   FROM   sysindexkeys   WHERE   id   =   a.id   AND   colid=a.colid
)))   then   '√'   else   ''   end,
类型=b.name,
占用字节数=a.length,
长度=COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
小数位数=isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
允许空=case   when   a.isnullable=1   then   '√'else   ''   end,
默认值=isnull(e.text,''),
字段说明=isnull(g.[value],'')
FROM   syscolumns   a
left   join   systypes   b   on   a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner   join   sysobjects   d   on   a.id=d.id     and   d.xtype='U'   and     d.name<>'dtproperties'
left   join   syscomments   e   on   a.cdefault=e.id
left   join   sys.extended_properties   g   on   a.id=g.major_id   and   a.colid=g.minor_id
left   join   sys.extended_properties   f   on   d.id=f.major_id   and   f.minor_id=0
--where   d.name='[表名]'         --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order   by   a.id,a.colorder

18、查询表说明

SELECT
	表名 = d.name,
	表说明 = isnull(f. VALUE, ''),
  表查询 = 'SELECT TOP 10 * FROM  ' +d.name+';',
  表说明 = '--' + CONVERT(varchar(100),isnull(f. VALUE, ''))
FROM
	sysobjects d
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id
AND f.minor_id = 0
WHERE
	d.xtype = 'U'
AND d.name <> 'dtproperties'
--and d.Name like '%[表名]%'  --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY d.name 

19、查询表字段详情

SELECT
表名=case   when   a.colorder=1   then   d.name   else   ''   end,
表说明=case   when   a.colorder=1   then   isnull(f.value,'')   else   ''   end,
字段名1=a.name,
字段名5=(SELECT STUFF((SELECT ',' + a.Name FROM syscolumns AS a INNER JOIN sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.name <> 'dtproperties' where d.name='[表名]'  FOR XML PATH ('')),1,1,'')),
字段名6=(SELECT STUFF((SELECT ',@' + a.Name FROM syscolumns AS a INNER JOIN sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.name <> 'dtproperties' where d.name='[表名]'  FOR XML PATH ('')),1,1,'')),
字段名7=(SELECT STUFF((SELECT ','+ CASE 
	WHEN b.name = 'nvarchar' THEN 'string'
	WHEN b.name = 'int' THEN 'int'
	WHEN b.name = 'datetime' THEN 'DateTime'
	ELSE 'decimal?'
END +' ' + a.Name FROM syscolumns AS a left   join   systypes   b   on   a.xusertype=b.xusertype inner   join   sysobjects   d   on   a.id=d.id     and   d.xtype='U'   and     d.name<>'dtproperties' where d.name='[表名]' FOR XML PATH ('')),1,1,'')),
字段名8='new SqlParameter("@'+a.name+'", '+a.name+'),',
字段名9=case 
        when b.name = 'nvarchar' then '/// <summary>
        ///'+ isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')+'
        /// </summary>
				public string '+a.name+' { get; set; }'
			  when b.name = 'int' then'/// <summary>
        /// '+ isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')+'
        /// </summary>
				public int '+a.name+' { get; set; }'
				when b.name = 'datetime' then'/// <summary>
        /// '+ isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')+'
        /// </summary>
				public DateTime '+a.name+' { get; set; }'
				else '/// <summary>
        /// '+ isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')+'
        /// </summary>
				public decimal? '+a.name+' { get; set; }' end,
类型 = case when b.name = 'nvarchar' then b.name +'('+ CONVERT(varchar(50),COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'))+'),' else b.name+',' end,
字段说明1= case when (isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')) ='' then '' else ('--' + isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')) end,
字段说明2= case when (isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')) ='' then '' else ('/*' + isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'') + '*/') end,
字段说明3= case when (isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')) ='' then '' else ('//' + isnull(CONVERT(varchar(100),g.[value]),'')) end
FROM   syscolumns   a
left   join   systypes   b   on   a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner   join   sysobjects   d   on   a.id=d.id     and   d.xtype='U'   and     d.name<>'dtproperties'
left   join   syscomments   e   on   a.cdefault=e.id
left   join   sys.extended_properties   g   on   a.id=g.major_id   and   a.colid=g.minor_id
left   join   sys.extended_properties   f   on   d.id=f.major_id   and   f.minor_id=0
where d.name='[表名]'
order   by   a.id,a.colorder

ok！！！