从尾到头打印链表

  题目:输入一个链表的头结点,从尾到头反过来打印出每个结点的值。

  思路:有两种方法。一种是借助栈的后进先出特性来实现;另一种是采用递归,递归的本质也是一个栈结构。

  测试用例
  1.输入链表只有一个结点、多个节点
  2.输入链表头指针为NULL

  代码:

栈:

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;

struct ListNode
{
    int         m_nValue;
    ListNode*   m_pNext;
};

//创建链表结点
ListNode* CreateListNode(int value)
{
    ListNode* pNode = new ListNode();
    pNode->m_nValue = value;
    pNode->m_pNext = NULL;

    return pNode;
}

//链接链表结点
void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext)
{
    if (pCurrent == NULL)
    {
        cout << "链接出错" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    pCurrent->m_pNext = pNext;
}

//打印链表
void PrintListNode(ListNode* pHead)
{
    cout << "打印链表:" << endl;
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while (pNode != NULL)
    {
        cout << pNode->m_nValue << " ";
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    cout << endl;
}

//销毁链表
void DestoryList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while (pNode != NULL)
    {
        pHead = pHead->m_pNext;
        delete pNode;
        pNode = pHead;
    }
}

void PrintListReversingly_Iteratively(ListNode* pHead)
{
    stack<ListNode*> nodes; //创建栈

    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while (pNode != NULL)    //把所有链表结点打入栈
    {
        nodes.push(pNode);
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    while (!nodes.empty())  //从栈中弹出
    {
        pNode = nodes.top();
        cout << pNode->m_nValue << " " ;
        nodes.pop();
    }
    cout << endl;
}

void test(ListNode* pHead)
{
    PrintListNode(pHead);
    PrintListReversingly_Iteratively(pHead);
}

void test1()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    test(pNode1);

    DestoryList(pNode1);
}

void test2()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);

    test(pNode1);
    DestoryList(pNode1);
}

void test3()
{
    test(NULL);
}

int main()
{
    test1();
    test2();
    test3();

    return 0;
}

递归:

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;

struct ListNode
{
    int         m_nValue;
    ListNode*   m_pNext;
};

//创建链表结点
ListNode* CreateListNode(int value)
{
    ListNode* pNode = new ListNode();
    pNode->m_nValue = value;
    pNode->m_pNext = NULL;

    return pNode;
}

//链接链表结点
void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext)
{
    if (pCurrent == NULL)
    {
        cout << "链接出错" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    pCurrent->m_pNext = pNext;
}

//打印链表
void PrintListNode(ListNode* pHead)
{
    cout << "打印链表:" << endl;
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while (pNode != NULL)
    {
        cout << pNode->m_nValue << " ";
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    cout << endl;
}

//销毁链表
void DestoryList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while (pNode != NULL)
    {
        pHead = pHead->m_pNext;
        delete pNode;
        pNode = pHead;
    }
}

void PrintList_Recursion(ListNode* pHead)  
{
    if (pHead != NULL)
    {
        if (pHead->m_pNext != NULL)
        {
            PrintList_Recursion(pHead->m_pNext);  //遍历打印链表
        }

        cout << pHead->m_nValue << " ";
    }

}

void test(ListNode* pHead)
{
    PrintListNode(pHead);
    PrintList_Recursion(pHead);
    cout << endl;
}

void test1()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    test(pNode1);

    DestoryList(pNode1);
}

void test2()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);

    test(pNode1);
    DestoryList(pNode1);
}

void test3()
{
    test(NULL);
}

int main()
{
    test1();
    test2();
    test3();

    return 0;
}

  递归的代码虽然简洁,但是当链表非常长的时候,就会导致函数调用的层级很深,从而有可能导致函数调用栈溢出。显式用栈基于循环实现的代码的鲁棒性要好一些。

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转载自my.oschina.net/134596/blog/1788192