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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a popular protocol for network management. It is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 provides SNMP agent software that works with third-party SNMP management software to monitor the status of managed devices and applications.
SNMP是一个流行的的网络管理协议。它经常备收集，分析数据，例如：服务器，打印机，集线器，交换机和路由器等使用IP网络的网络设备。Widows2003服务器提供了一个支持第三方的SNMP客户端用来监控设备和应用的状态。
Automating Network Management
自动的网络管理
Large networks with hundreds or thousands of nodes are difficult to manage without a large staff to monitor every computer. SNMP, which is widely used in local area networks (LANs), lets you monitor network nodes from a management host. You can monitor network devices such as servers, workstations, printers, routers, bridges, and hubs, as well as services such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
大型的网络通常由成百上千或成千上万个节点，如果没有大量的人力突投入是很难监控到每个机器的。SNMP，广泛使用在局域网，让你使用一个系统主机监控网络节点。你可以监控的网络设备，例如：服务器，工作站，打印机，路由器，网桥和集线器，包括DHCP和WINS
Use SNMP management software to monitor any network device on which you install SNMP agent software. The SNMP agent, which is an optional component of Windows Server 2003, interacts with third-party SNMP management software to enable the sharing of network status information between monitored devices and applications and the SNMP management system that monitors them. The following figure shows this process.
可以使用SNMP管理软件监控任何你安装了SNMP客户端的网络设备。SNMP客户端，是Windows2003服务器可选的组件，可以和第三方管理软件分享被监控设备和应用的网络状态信息。处理过程如下：
Computer Running SNMP Manager Requests Status Information from Devices Running SNMP Agent
Using SNMP, you can monitor network performance, audit network usage, detect network faults or inappropriate access, and in some cases configure remote devices. SNMP is designed to be deployed on the largest possible number of network devices, to have minimal impact on the managed nodes, to have minimal transport requirements, and to continue working when most other network applications fail.
使用SNMP协议，你可以监控网络性能，统计网络使用，发现网络错误或非法访问，在特殊情况下配置远程设备。SNMP设计的初衷就是部署在尽可能多的网络设备上，并且要尽量小的影响在管理节点，要有小的数据请求和健壮（网络应用异常仍然可以工作）
SNMP Background
Developed in 1988 to provide network-device-monitoring capability for TCP/IP-based networks, SNMP was approved as an Internet standard in 1990 by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and has been in wide use since that time. More recently, Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)-based networks have added support for SNMP. Currently, most network equipment vendors provide SNMP support in their products.
在1988年为了提升TCP/IP网络的设备的监控能力，SNMP在1990年被IAB选为因特网标准并且开始广泛使用。不久前IPX增加了对SNMP的支持。现在大多数的网络供应商在他们的产品中提供了对SNMP的支持。
Windows Server 2003 supports SNMP versions 1 and 2c, which are based on the industry standards described in the following table.
Windows2003服务器支持SNMPv1和v2c的行业标准，具体解释如下表格：
Industry Standards for SNMP Versions 1 and 2c
| Standard | RFCs |
|---|---|
| SNMP |
RFC 1157, “A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),” a standard that defines how communication occurs between SNMP-capable devices and defines the SNMP message types. Windows Server 2003 also supports SNMPv2c, which is defined in RFC 1901, “Introduction to Community-Based SNMPv2,” RFC 1905, “Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2),” and RFC 1906, “Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).” SNMPv2c updates protocol operations by introducing the GetBulk request and authentication based on community names. RFC 1420, “SNMP over IPX” describes SNMP support now provided by the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol used in Novell NetWare environments. SNMP typically uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). SNMP over IPX is intended for use in environments in which the UDP transport is not available. IPX provides a datagram service similar to that provided by IP/UDP. |
| MIB |
RFC 1213, “Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP based Internets: MIB II.” A standard that defines a set of objects that represent information about IP and IPX components on your network, such as the list of network interfaces, the routing table, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table, the list of open TCP connections, or Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) statistics. RFC 1213 is updated (but not made obsolete) by RFC 2011, “SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol using SMIv2,” RFC 2012, “SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol using SMIv2,” and RFC 2013, “SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol using SMIv2.” |
| SMI |
RFC 2578, “Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2).” A standard that describes the object syntax for specifying how MIB data is referenced and stored. |
Implementing Windows Server 2003 and SNMP
SNMP is a service that you can install on computers that are running TCP/IP or the IPX protocol. Windows Server 2003 supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c, which define how network management information is structured, stored, and communicated between SNMP agents and SNMP managers on IP-based or IPX-based networks. Windows Server 2003 adds support for the IPv6 Management Information Base (MIB) for SNMP.
SNMP是可安装在计算机上的一个使用TCP/IP或IPX协议服务组件。Windows2003服务器支持SNMPv1和v2c，定义了网络管理信息的结构，存储以及同使用IP或IPX网络的SNMP客户端，管理端的通信方式。增加了IPV6的MIB库的支持。
SNMP agent
The Windows Server 2003 SNMP service provides an SNMP agent that enables the remote monitoring of computers running Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000. The Windows XP 64-Bit Edition operating system and the 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003 do not support the Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol.
Windows2003 服务器的SNMP服务提供了可远程监控Windows2003，WindowsXP，Windows2000的SNMP服务。64位XP版本的操作系统和64位Windows 2003不支持IPX/SPX协议。
The Windows Server 2003 SNMP agent lets you manage the services listed in the following table
Windows 2003SNMP可以监控的数据如下表示：
| Service | Monitor | Configure | Windows Operating Systems That Provide SNMP Support for This Service Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| WINS |
 |
|
Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. |
| DHCP |
|
Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows NT-based Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). |
|
| IIS |
|
Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows NT-based Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). |
|
| LAN Manager |
|
|
Microsoft LAN Manager. |
| Routing and Remote Access |
|
Windows Server 2003, and Windows 2000 Routing and Remote Access service. |
|
| IAS |
|
|
Windows Server 2003, and Windows 2000 Internet Authentication Service (IAS). |
| System Monitor counters |
|
Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 System Monitor counters. You can use SNMP to monitor all performance counters related to System Monitor TCP/IP, including ICMP, IP, Network Interface, TCP, UDP, DHCP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), WINS, and IIS performance counters. |
In addition to retrieving status information, SNMP can send a Set request to configure any object to which the SNMP manager has read/write permission.
除了查看状态信息，SNMP管理可以发送设置请求给任何有读写权限的对象。
SNMP manager
The Windows Server 2003 SNMP service provides only the SNMP agent. Unless you develop your own SNMP management application, you must install third-party SNMP management software, such as HP Openview, Novell NMS, IBM NetView, or Sun Net Manager to work with the SNMP agent. You can install third-party SNMP management software on one or more hosts.
Windows 2003 的SNMP服务只提供了SNMP客户端。如果要使用自己的SNMP管理应用，你必须安装第三方的软件。例如：惠普的Openview，Novell NMS，IBM NetView，或Sun NetManager。你可以安装第三方的管理软件在一个或多个主机。
Alternatively, you can develop your own SNMP management software application by using the two application programming interfaces (APIs) that Windows Server 2003 provides:
Windows2003 提供了两套可选的API，可以供用户使用自己的SNMP管理软件。
WinSNMP API (Wsnmp32.dll) provides a set of functions for encoding, decoding, sending, and receiving SNMP messages.
WinSNMP API 提供了一系列的编码，解码，发送，和接受SNMP消息的功能。
Management API (Mgmtapi.dll) provides a basic set of functions for developing fast and simple SNMP management systems.
Management API 提供了一系列基本的快速开发和简单管理系统的功能。
Related Information
For more information about SNMP, see the following RFCs in the IETF RFC Database.
The following RFCs relate to SNMP version 1:
RFC 1157, “Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).”
RFC 1155, “Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets.”
RFC 1213, “Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-II.”
RFC 1573, “Evolution of the Interfaces Group of MIB-II.”
The following RFCs relate to SNMP version 2:
RFC 1901, “Introduction to Community-Based SNMPv2.”
RFC 1902, “Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).”
RFC 1903, “Textual Conventions for SNMPv2.”
RFC 1904, “Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).”
RFC 1905, “Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).”
RFC 1906, “Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).”
RFC 1907, “Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).”
RFC 1908, “Coexistence between Version 1 and Version 2 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework.”
RFC 2089, “V2ToV1 Mapping SNMPv2 onto SNMPv1 Within a Bi-Lingual SNMP Agent.”
RFC 2465, “Management Information Base for IP Version 6: Textual Conventions and General Group.”
RFC 2466, “Management Information Base for IP Version 6: ICMPv6 Group.”