Mybatis从入门到精通——分步查询(14)

一、分步查询

在使用到多表关联查询时,经常会碰到多对多,一对多和一对一的级联操作,在Mybatis中通过resultMap标签下的association和collection解决级联操作的问题。

级联操作分为:关联查询和分步关联查询,本文介绍分步查询,如需学习关联查询,请看上一篇博客。

二、表关系说明

user表结构和数据:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
  `real_name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '真实名称',
  `sex` char(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '性别',
  `mobile` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '电话',
  `email` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮箱',
  `note` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
  `position_id` int(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `fk_4` (`position_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=127 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'lison', '李小宇', '1', '18232344223', '[email protected]', 'lison的备注', '1');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'james', '陈大雷', '1', '18454656125', '[email protected]', 'james的备注', '2');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', 'cindy', '王美丽', '0', '14556656512', '[email protected]', 'cindy\'s note', '1');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('126', 'mark', '毛毛', '0', '18635457815', '[email protected]', 'mark\'s note', '1');

position表结构和数据:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `position`;
CREATE TABLE `position` (
  `id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `posname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `note` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `position` VALUES ('1', '总经理', '负责公司日常事务');
INSERT INTO `position` VALUES ('2', '零时工', '背锅的');

job_history表结构和数据:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_history`;
CREATE TABLE `job_history` (
  `id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `comp_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `years` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  `title` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `fk_5` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('1', '1', '阿里', '2', '程序员');
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('2', '2', '百度', '4', '项目经理');
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('3', '2', '腾讯', '1', '程序员');
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('4', '3', '京东', '1', '测试');
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('5', '3', '网易', '2', '测试主管');
INSERT INTO `job_history` VALUES ('6', '3', '享学', '1', '讲师');

user_role表结构和数据:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
  `user_id` int(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `role_id` int(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`,`user_id`),
  KEY `fk_1` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('1', '1');
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('1', '2');
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('2', '1');
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('3', '2');

role表结构和数据:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
CREATE TABLE `role` (
  `id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `role_name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
  `note` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('1', '业务人员', '办理日常业务');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('2', '管理员', '超级管理员');

三、association和collection标签

association和collection标签都是属于resultMap下的子标签,两者的属性相同如下表格:

序号 属性名 说明
1
property
对应的属性名
2
column
传递到分步查询的列名结果,如果是多列则按格式{列名1:分步查询的形参名1,列名2:分步查询的形参名2},该属性用于分步查询。
3
select
需要进行分步查询的方法,如果是当前命名空间则直接写方法名即可,如果是其它命名空间,则写命名空间+方法名,用于分步查询。
4
fetchType
加载方式lazy|eager,如果使用懒加载lazy则还需要去全局配置文件中修改aggressiveLazyLoading为false,lazyLoadTriggerMethods为空字符,用于分步查询。
5
javaType
该association绑定的java类型,用于联表查询
6
ofType
该collection绑定的泛型中的java类型,用于关联查询
7
resultMap
resultMap:绑定的java类型,同样可以引用其他命名空间的resultMap,和javaType使用其一即可,如果使用了resultMap则不需要在该标签下写result,id等子标签,用于关联查询。
8
columnPrefix
为每一行添加前缀,当联表查询的结果出现列名相同时需要用别名或者添加前缀,如果添加了前缀, 则可以使用columnPrefix统一处理。

association和collection标签的子标签说明:

序号 标签名 说明
1
constructor
使用特定构造器(入参构造器)创建对象,一般用于处理没有无参构造器的类,该标签没有属性,但包含有2个子标签,idArg:类似下面的id标签,arg:类似下面的result标签
2
id
把主键和属性绑定,还能标识唯一的一条数据(关联查询时合并数据用到),最好有。
3
result
把其它列和属性绑定
4
association
一对一映射
5
collection
一对多映射
6
discriminator
鉴别器

三、延迟加载设置

对于分步查询,Mybatis提供了延迟加载的功能,在使用延迟加载之前还需要去全局配置文件进行一些设置,设置如下:

<!--   开启全局延迟加载    -->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="false"/>
<!--   延迟加载的对象是否立马加载,需要使用延迟加载设置为false    -->
<setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"/>
<!--   避免除了get方法以外,其它方法触发懒加载     -->
<setting name="lazyLoadTriggerMethods" value=""/>

注意:如果开启了全局延迟加载和使用延迟加载策略,则全部分步查询都会变成延迟加载,一般我们不设置全局延迟加载,而是通过局部设置 ,即在collection或association标签属性上设置 fetchType="lazy"  开启延迟加载。

四、一对一分步查询

mapper映射文件:

UserMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.UserMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="user_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="userName" />
    <result column="real_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="realName" />
    <result column="sex" jdbcType="CHAR" property="sex" />
    <result column="mobile" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="mobile" />
    <result column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="email" />
    <result column="note" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="note" />
    <result column="position_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="positionId" />
  </resultMap>

  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    id, user_name, real_name, sex, mobile, email, note, position_id
  </sql>

  <resultMap id="UserAndPositionResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User" extends="BaseResultMap">
  <!-- 一对一级联操作标签   -->
    <association property="position" column="position_id" fetchType="lazy" select="com.my.mapper.PositionMapper.selectById">
    </association>
  </resultMap>

<!-- 一对一分步查询 -->
  <select id="selectUserAndPositionById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="UserAndPositionResultMap">
    select 
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from user
    where id = #{id}
  </select>

</mapper>

PositionMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.PositionMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.Position">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="posname" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="posname" />
    <result column="note" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="note" />
  </resultMap>

  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    id, posname, note
  </sql>

  <select id="selectById" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="Integer">
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from position
    where id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>

</mapper>

测试代码:

public class MybatisTest {

    private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        //1.使用mybatis的工具读取配置文件
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        //2.创建sqlSessionFactory
        sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        inputStream.close();
    }

    /**
     * 测试一对一
     */
    @Test
    public void testOneToOne() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        User user = userMapper.selectUserAndPositionById(1);
        System.out.println(user);
        System.out.println(user.getPosition());
    }


}

 

五、一对多分步查询

mapper映射文件:

UserMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.UserMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="user_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="userName" />
    <result column="real_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="realName" />
    <result column="sex" jdbcType="CHAR" property="sex" />
    <result column="mobile" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="mobile" />
    <result column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="email" />
    <result column="note" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="note" />
    <result column="position_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="positionId" />
  </resultMap>

  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    id, user_name, real_name, sex, mobile, email, note, position_id
  </sql>


  <resultMap id="UserAndJobHistorysResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User" extends="BaseResultMap">
    <!-- 一对多级联操作标签   -->
    <collection property="jobHistoryList" column="id" fetchType="lazy" select="com.my.mapper.JobHistoryMapper.selectByUserId">
    </collection>
  </resultMap>

<!-- 一对多分步查询 -->
  <select id="selectUserAndJobHistorysById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="UserAndJobHistorysResultMap">
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from user
    where id = #{id}
  </select>

</mapper>

JobHistoryMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.JobHistoryMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.JobHistory">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="user_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="userId" />
    <result column="comp_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="compName" />
    <result column="years" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="years" />
    <result column="title" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="title" />
  </resultMap>
  
  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    id, user_id, comp_name, years, title
  </sql>

  <select id="selectByUserId" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from job_history
    where user_id = #{userId,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>
</mapper>

测试代码:

public class MybatisTest {

    private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        //1.使用mybatis的工具读取配置文件
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        //2.创建sqlSessionFactory
        sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        inputStream.close();
    }


    /**
     * 测试一对多
     */
    @Test
    public void testOneToMany() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        User user = userMapper.selectUserAndJobHistorysById(2);
        System.out.println(user);
        System.out.println(user.getJobHistoryList());
    }


}

 

六、多对多分步查询

分步查询的多对多和关联查询多对多类似,都是属于两个一对多的操作。

mapper映射文件:

UserMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.UserMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="user_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="userName" />
    <result column="real_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="realName" />
    <result column="sex" jdbcType="CHAR" property="sex" />
    <result column="mobile" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="mobile" />
    <result column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="email" />
    <result column="note" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="note" />
    <result column="position_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="positionId" />
  </resultMap>

  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    id, user_name, real_name, sex, mobile, email, note, position_id
  </sql>

  <resultMap id="UserAndRoleResultMap" type="com.my.entity.User" extends="BaseResultMap">
    <!-- 多对多级联操作标签   -->
    <collection property="roleList" fetchType="lazy" column="id" select="com.my.mapper.RoleMapper.selectRolesByUserId">
    </collection>
  </resultMap>

<!--  多对多分步查询 -->
  <select id="selectUserAndRoleAll" resultMap="UserAndRoleResultMap">
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from user
  </select>

  <!-- 根据角色ID查询用户 -->
  <select id="selectUsersByRoleId" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
    select
    u.id,u.user_name,u.real_name,u.sex,u.mobile,u.email,u.note,u.position_id,
    ur.role_id
    from user u left join user_role ur
    on ur.user_id = u.id
    where ur.role_id = #{roleId}
  </select>
</mapper>

RoleMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.my.mapper.RoleMapper">

  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.my.entity.Role">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="role_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="roleName" />
    <result column="note" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="note" />
  </resultMap>

  <resultMap id="RoleAndUserResultMap" type="com.my.entity.Role" extends="BaseResultMap">
    <!-- 多对多级联操作标签   -->
    <collection property="userList" fetchType="lazy" column="id" select="com.my.mapper.UserMapper.selectUsersByRoleId">
    </collection>
  </resultMap>

<!--  多对多分步查询 -->
  <select id="selectRoleAndUserAll" resultMap="RoleAndUserResultMap">
    select
    id,role_name,note
    from role
  </select>

<!--  根据权限查询角色 -->
  <select id="selectRolesByUserId" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
    select
    r.id,r.role_name,r.note,
    ur.user_id
    from role r left join user_role ur
    on r.id = ur.role_id
    where ur.user_id = #{userId}
  </select>
</mapper>

测试代码:

public class MybatisTest {

    private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        //1.使用mybatis的工具读取配置文件
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        //2.创建sqlSessionFactory
        sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        inputStream.close();
    }


    /**
     * 测试多对多
     */
    @Test
    public void testManyToMany() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        //所有用户下的权限信息
        List<User> userList = userMapper.selectUserAndRoleAll();
        System.out.println(userList);
        System.out.println(userList.get(0).getRoleList());
        RoleMapper roleMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(RoleMapper.class);
        //所有权限信息下的用户
        List<Role> roleList = roleMapper.selectRoleAndUserAll();
        System.out.println(roleList);
        System.out.println(roleList.get(0).getUserList());
    }

}

七、分步查询和关联查询对比

1.对于马上需要用到的数据,使用关联查询;对于数据不确定是否能使用到的使用分步查询。

2.关联查询一对多最多需要用到collection标签上的property、resultMap、columnPrefix、ofType属性(如果使用resultMap则不需要ofType)

3.关联查询一对一最多需要用到association标签上的property、resultMap、columnPrefix、javaType属性(如果使用resultMap则不需要javaType)

4.分步查询一对多和一对一最多需要用到association和collection标签上的property、column、fetchType、select属性。

5.关联查询效率高,而分步查询易于做水平切分

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