有朋友叫我帮他看一下数据库，操作系统是Windows 2008 R2，数据库是 SQL 2008 R2 64位。硬件配置还是比较高的，64G内存，16核CPU，他说服务器运行的是金蝶K3软件，数据库实例里有多个数据库。
现象
他说是这几天才出现的，而且在每天的某一个时间段才会出现CPU占用高的情况
内存占用不太高，只占用了30个G
CPU占用100%
排查方向
一般排查都是用下面的脚本，一般会用到三个视图 sys.sysprocesses ,dm_exec_sessions ,dm_exec_requests
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USE master
GO
--如果要指定数据库就把注释去掉
SELECT * FROM sys.[sysprocesses] WHERE [spid]>50 --AND DB_NAME([dbid])="gposdb"
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [sys].[dm_exec_sessions] WHERE [session_id]>50
看一下当前的数据库用户连接有多少
然后使用下面语句看一下各项指标是否正常，是否有阻塞，这个语句选取了前10个最耗CPU时间的会话
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SELECT TOP 10
[session_id],
[request_id],
[start_time] AS "开始时间",
[status] AS "状态",
[command] AS "命令",
dest.[text] AS "sql语句",
DB_NAME([database_id]) AS "数据库名",
[blocking_session_id] AS "正在阻塞其他会话的会话ID",
[wait_type] AS "等待资源类型",
[wait_time] AS "等待时间",
[wait_resource] AS "等待的资源",
[reads] AS "物理读次数",
[writes] AS "写次数",
[logical_reads] AS "逻辑读次数",
[row_count] AS "返回结果行数"
FROM sys.[dm_exec_requests] AS der
CROSS APPLY
sys.[dm_exec_sql_text](der.[sql_handle]) AS dest
WHERE [session_id]>50 AND DB_NAME(der.[database_id])="gposdb"
ORDER BY [cpu_time] DESC
如果想看具体的SQL语句可以执行下面的SQL语句，记得在SSMS里选择以文本格式显示结果
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--在SSMS里选择以文本格式显示结果
SELECT TOP 10
dest.[text] AS "sql语句"
FROM sys.[dm_exec_requests] AS der
CROSS APPLY
sys.[dm_exec_sql_text](der.[sql_handle]) AS dest WHERE [session_id]>50
ORDER BY [cpu_time] DESC
模拟了一些耗CPU时间的动作
还有查看CPU数和user scheduler数和最大工作线程数，检查worker是否用完也可以排查CPU占用情况
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--查看CPU数和user scheduler数目
SELECT cpu_count,scheduler_count FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info
--查看最大工作线程数
SELECT max_workers_count FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info
查看机器上的所有schedulers包括user 和system
通过下面语句可以看到worker是否用完，当达到最大线程数的时候就要检查blocking了
对照下面这个表
各种CPU和SQLSERVER版本组合自动配置的最大工作线程数
CPU数 32位计算机 64位计算机
<=4 256 512
8 288 576
16 352 704
32 480 960
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SELECT
scheduler_address,
scheduler_id,
cpu_id,
status,
current_tasks_count,
current_workers_count,active_workers_count
FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers
如果SQLSERVER存在要等待的资源，那么执行下面语句就会显示出会话中有多少个worker在等待
结合[sys].[dm_os_wait_stats]视图，如果当前SQLSERVER里面没有任何等待资源，那么下面的SQL语句不会显示任何结果
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SELECT TOP 10
[session_id],
[request_id],
[start_time] AS "开始时间",
[status] AS "状态",
[command] AS "命令",
dest.[text] AS "sql语句",
DB_NAME([database_id]) AS "数据库名",
[blocking_session_id] AS "正在阻塞其他会话的会话ID",
der.[wait_type] AS "等待资源类型",
[wait_time] AS "等待时间",
[wait_resource] AS "等待的资源",
[dows].[waiting_tasks_count] AS "当前正在进行等待的任务数",
[reads] AS "物理读次数",
[writes] AS "写次数",
[logical_reads] AS "逻辑读次数",
[row_count] AS "返回结果行数"
FROM sys.[dm_exec_requests] AS der
INNER JOIN [sys].[dm_os_wait_stats] AS dows
ON der.[wait_type]=[dows].[wait_type]
CROSS APPLY
sys.[dm_exec_sql_text](der.[sql_handle]) AS dest
WHERE [session_id]>50
ORDER BY [cpu_time] DESC
比如我当前执行了查询SalesOrderDetail_test表100次，由于表数据非常多，所以SSMS需要把SQLSERVER执行的结果慢慢的取走，
造成了ASYNC_NETWORK_IO等待
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USE [AdventureWorks]
GO
SELECT * FROM dbo.[SalesOrderDetail_test]
GO 100
问题源头
经过排查和这几天的观察情况，确定是某些表缺失索引导致，现在在这些表上增加了索引，问题解决
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select * from t_AccessControl --权限控制表权限控制
select * from t_GroupAccess --用户组权限表用户组权限
select * from t_GroupAccessType --用户组权限类表用户组权限类
select * from t_ObjectAccess --对象权限表对象权限
select * from t_ObjectAccessType --对象权限类型表对象权限类型
select * from t_ObjectType --对象类型表对象类型
查询CPU占用高的语句
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SELECT TOP 10
total_worker_time/execution_count AS avg_cpu_cost, plan_handle,
execution_count,
(SELECT SUBSTRING(text, statement_start_offset/2 + 1,
(CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = -1
THEN LEN(CONVERT(nvarchar(max), text)) * 2
ELSE statement_end_offset
END - statement_start_offset)/2)
FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) AS query_text
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats
ORDER BY [avg_cpu_cost] DESC
查询缺失索引
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SELECT
DatabaseName = DB_NAME(database_id)
,[Number Indexes Missing] = count(*)
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details
GROUP BY DB_NAME(database_id)
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
SELECT TOP 10
[Total Cost] = ROUND(avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact * (user_seeks + user_scans),0)
, avg_user_impact
, TableName = statement
, [EqualityUsage] = equality_columns
, [InequalityUsage] = inequality_columns
, [Include Cloumns] = included_columns
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s
ON s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d
ON d.index_handle = g.index_handle
ORDER BY [Total Cost] DESC;
（查看大图）
定位问题后，新建非聚集索引
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CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_t_AccessControl_F4 ON dbo.t_AccessControl
(
FObjectType
)include([FUserID], [FAccessType], [FAccessMask]) WITH( STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
drop index IX_t_AccessControl_F4 on t_AccessControl
CPU占用恢复正常
跟踪模板和跟踪文件下载，请使用SQL2008R2 版本：files.cnblogs.com/lyhabc/跟踪模板和trace.rar
总结
从多次历史经验来看，如果CPU负载持续很高，但内存和IO都还好的话，这种情况下，首先想到的一定是索引问题，十有八九错不了。
注意文章开头贴出的客户机器负载情况图
