贪吃蛇C语言实现

这里贪吃蛇实现的主要思想就是利用颜色覆盖来实现蛇的移动
代码如下：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>


#define MAXWIDTH 30
#define MAXHEIGHT 30
#define INITLEN 3  //贪吃蛇的初始长度 


struct{
    char *ch;
    int color;
    char type;
}
charBorder = { "■", 4, 1 },  //边框
charBg = { "■", 2, 2 },  //背景
charSnake = { "■", 0xe, 3 },  //贪吃蛇节点
charFood = { "●", 0xc, 4 };  //食物

//用一个结构体数组保存地图中的各个点
struct{
    char type;
    int index;
}globalMap[MAXWIDTH][MAXHEIGHT];


struct{
    int x;
    int y;
} snakeMap[(MAXWIDTH - 2)*(MAXHEIGHT - 2)], scoresPostion;

int scores = 0;  //得分
int snakeMapLen = (MAXWIDTH - 2)*(MAXHEIGHT - 2);
int headerIndex, tailIndex; 
HANDLE hStdin;  

// 设置光标位置，x为行，y为列
void setPosition(int x, int y){
    COORD coord;
    coord.X = 2 * y;
    coord.Y = x;
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdin, coord);
}

// 设置颜色
void setColor(int color){
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdin, color);
}

//创建食物
void createFood(){
    int index, rang, x, y;

    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
    if (tailIndex<headerIndex){
        rang = headerIndex - tailIndex - 1;
        index = rand() % rang + tailIndex + 1;
    }
    else{
        rang = snakeMapLen - (tailIndex - headerIndex + 1);
        index = rand() % rang;
        if (index >= headerIndex){
            index += (tailIndex - headerIndex + 1);
        }
    }

    x = snakeMap[index].x;
    y = snakeMap[index].y;
    setPosition(x, y);
    setColor(charFood.color);
    printf("%s", charFood.ch);
    globalMap[x][y].type = charFood.type;
}

//死了
void die(){
    int xCenter = MAXHEIGHT % 2 == 0 ? MAXHEIGHT / 2 : MAXHEIGHT / 2 + 1;
    int yCenter = MAXWIDTH % 2 == 0 ? MAXWIDTH / 2 : MAXWIDTH / 2 + 1;

    setPosition(xCenter, yCenter - 5);
    setColor(0xC);

    exit(1);
    _getch();
    exit(0);
}

// 蛇移动
void move(char direction){
    int newHeaderX, newHeaderY;  //新蛇头的坐标
    int newHeaderPreIndex;  //新蛇头坐标以前对应的索引
    int newHeaderPreX, newHeaderPreY;  //新蛇头的索引以前对应的坐标
    int newHeaderPreType;  //新蛇头以前的类型
    int oldTailX, oldTailY;  //老蛇尾坐标

    switch (direction){
    case 'w':
        newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x - 1;
        newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y;
        break;
    case 's':
        newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x + 1;
        newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y;
        break;
    case 'a':
        newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x;
        newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y - 1;
        break;
    case 'd':
        newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x;
        newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y + 1;
        break;
    }

    headerIndex = headerIndex == 0 ? snakeMapLen - 1 : headerIndex - 1;

    newHeaderPreIndex = globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].index;

    newHeaderPreX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x;
    newHeaderPreY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y;

    snakeMap[headerIndex].x = newHeaderX;
    snakeMap[headerIndex].y = newHeaderY;
    globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].index = headerIndex;

    snakeMap[newHeaderPreIndex].x = newHeaderPreX;
    snakeMap[newHeaderPreIndex].y = newHeaderPreY;
    globalMap[newHeaderPreX][newHeaderPreY].index = newHeaderPreIndex;

    //新蛇头以前的类型
    newHeaderPreType = globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].type;
    //设置新蛇头类型
    globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].type = charSnake.type;
    // 判断是否出界或撞到自己
    if (newHeaderPreType == charBorder.type || newHeaderPreType == charSnake.type){
        die();
    }
    //输出新蛇头
    setPosition(newHeaderX, newHeaderY);
    setColor(charSnake.color);
    printf("%s", charSnake.ch);
    //判断是否吃到食物
    if (newHeaderPreType == charFood.type){  //吃到食物
        createFood();
        //更改分数
        setPosition(scoresPostion.x, scoresPostion.y);
        printf("%d", ++scores);
    }
    else{
        //老蛇尾坐标
        oldTailX = snakeMap[tailIndex].x;
        oldTailY = snakeMap[tailIndex].y;
        //删除蛇尾
        setPosition(oldTailX, oldTailY);
        setColor(charBg.color);
        printf("%s", charBg.ch);
        globalMap[oldTailX][oldTailY].type = charBg.type;
        tailIndex = (tailIndex == 0) ? snakeMapLen - 1 : tailIndex - 1;
    }
}

//下次移动的方向
char nextDirection(char ch, char directionOld){
    int sum = ch + directionOld;
    ch = tolower(ch);
    if ((ch == 'w' || ch == 'a' || ch == 's' || ch == 'd') && sum != 197 && sum != 234){
        return ch;
    }
    else{
        return directionOld;
    }
}

//暂停
char pause(){
    return _getch();
}

// 初始化
void init(){
    // 设置相关变量 
    int x, y, index;
    int xCenter = MAXHEIGHT % 2 == 0 ? MAXHEIGHT / 2 : MAXHEIGHT / 2 + 1;
    int yCenter = MAXWIDTH % 2 == 0 ? MAXWIDTH / 2 : MAXWIDTH / 2 + 1;
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;  //控制台光标信息

    //判断相关设置是否合理
    if (MAXWIDTH<16){
        printf("'MAXWIDTH' is too small!");
        _getch();
        exit(0);
    }

    //设置窗口大小 
    system("mode con: cols=96 lines=32");

    //隐藏光标
    hStdin = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdin, &cci);
    cci.bVisible = 0;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdin, &cci);

    //打印背景 
    for (x = 0; x<MAXHEIGHT; x++){
        for (y = 0; y<MAXWIDTH; y++){
            if (y == 0 || y == MAXWIDTH - 1 || x == 0 || x == MAXHEIGHT - 1){
                globalMap[x][y].type = charBorder.type;
                setColor(charBorder.color);
                printf("%s", charBorder.ch);
            }
            else{
                index = (x - 1)*(MAXWIDTH - 2) + (y - 1);
                snakeMap[index].x = x;
                snakeMap[index].y = y;
                globalMap[x][y].type = charBg.type;
                globalMap[x][y].index = index;

                setColor(charBg.color);
                printf("%s", charBg.ch);
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    //初始化贪吃蛇
    globalMap[xCenter][yCenter - 1].type = globalMap[xCenter][yCenter].type = globalMap[xCenter][yCenter + 1].type = charSnake.type;

    headerIndex = (xCenter - 1)*(MAXWIDTH - 2) + (yCenter - 1) - 1;
    tailIndex = headerIndex + 2;
    setPosition(xCenter, yCenter - 1);
    setColor(charSnake.color);
    for (y = yCenter - 1; y <= yCenter + 1; y++){
        printf("%s", charSnake.ch);
    }
    //生成食物
    createFood();

    //设置程序信息
    setPosition(xCenter - 1, MAXWIDTH + 2);
    printf("  得分 : 0");
    setPosition(xCenter, MAXWIDTH + 2);
    printf("  姓名班级 :33班杨超");

    scoresPostion.x = xCenter - 1;
    scoresPostion.y = MAXWIDTH + 8;
}

int main(){
    char charInput, direction = 'a';
    init();

    charInput = tolower(_getch());
    direction = nextDirection(charInput, direction);

    while (1){
        if (_kbhit()){
            charInput = tolower(_getch());
            if (charInput == ' '){
                charInput = pause();
            }
            direction = nextDirection(charInput, direction);
        }
        move(direction);
        Sleep(500);
    }

    _getch();
    return 0;
}

实现效果: