一、数据库的构建(M)
首先,我们分析一个博客系统的功能:
(1)一个博客可以有多个标签(多对多)
(2)一个博客可以有多条评论(一对多)
(3)一个博客只可以有一个类别(多对一)
接下来,我们分析关系的属性:
博客:标题,作者,内容,发布时间,分类(外键),标签(多对多)等
标签:标签名
类别:分类名
评论:作者,博客(外键),邮箱,内容,发布时间等。
最终,得到数据库的建立(model.py):
from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Category(models.Model): """ 博客分类 """ name=models.CharField('名称',max_length=30) class Meta: verbose_name="类别" verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Tag(models.Model): name=models.CharField('名称',max_length=16) class Meta: verbose_name="标签" verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Blog(models.Model): title=models.CharField('标题',max_length=32) author=models.CharField('作者',max_length=16) content=models.TextField('内容') pub=models.DateField('发布时间',auto_now_add=True) category=models.ForeignKey(Category,verbose_name='分类')#多对一(博客--类别) tag=models.ManyToManyField(Tag,verbose_name='标签')#(多对多) class Meta: verbose_name="博客" verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __unicode__(self): return self.title class Comment(models.Model): blog=models.ForeignKey(Blog,verbose_name='博客')#(博客--评论:一对多) name=models.CharField('称呼',max_length=16) email=models.EmailField('邮箱') content=models.CharField('内容',max_length=240) pub=models.DateField('发布时间',auto_now_add=True) class Meta: verbose_name="评论" verbose_name_plural="评论" def __unicode__(self): return self.content
输入命令:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
完成数据库的构建,为了方便管理后台:
在admin.py里构建以下代码:
from django.contrib import admin from .models import * # Register your models here. class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name',) class TagAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name',) class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title','category','content','pub') class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('blog','name','content','pub') admin.site.register(Category,CategoryAdmin) admin.site.register(Tag,TagAdmin) admin.site.register(Blog,BlogAdmin) admin.site.register(Comment,CommentAdmin)
二、定义视图函数(V)
在view.py,我们要实现获取显示的所有博客;并根据博客的id显示博客具体内容和评论。
首先,我们定义了一个特殊的forms.py模块,方便评论的集成。定义如下:
from django import forms """ 借此完成博客的评论功能 """ class CommentForm(forms.Form): name=forms.CharField(label='称呼',max_length=16,error_messages={ 'required':'请填写您的称呼', 'max_length':'称呼太长咯' }) email=forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',error_messages={ 'required':'请填写您的邮箱', 'invalid':'邮箱格式不正确' }) content=forms.CharField(label='内容',error_messages={ 'required':'请填写您的评论内容!', 'max_length':'评论内容太长咯' })
该模块用于view.py模块以及具体博客评论;
View.py:
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from .models import * from .forms import CommentForm from django.http import Http404 def get_blogs(request): blogs=Blog.objects.all().order_by('-pub')#获得所有的博客按时间排序 return render_to_response('blog_list.html',{'blogs':blogs})#传递context:blog参数到固定页面。 def get_details(request,blog_id): #检查异常 try: blog=Blog.objects.get(id=blog_id)#获取固定的blog_id的对象; except Blog.DoesNotExist: raise Http404 if request.method == 'GET': form = CommentForm() else:#请求方法为Post form = CommentForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): cleaned_data=form.cleaned_data cleaned_data['blog']=blog Comment.objects.create(**cleaned_data) ctx={ 'blog':blog, 'comments': blog.comment_set.all().order_by('-pub'), 'form': form }#返回3个参数 return render(request,'blog_details.html',ctx)
配置url:
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from blog.views import * urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^blog/$',get_blogs), url(r'^detail/(\d+)/$',get_details,name='blog_get_detail'), ]
三 模板系统(T)
blog_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>我的博客</title> <style type="text/css"> .blog{ padding: 20px 0px; } .blog .info span{ padding-right: 10px; } .blog .summary{ padding-top: 20px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"> <h1 align="center">我的博客</h1> </div> {% for blog in blogs %} <div align="center" class="blog"> <div class="title"> <a href="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}"><h2>{{ blog.title }}</h2></a> </div> <div class="info"> <span class="category" style="color: #ff9900;">{{ blog.category.name }}</span> <span class="author" style="color: #4a86e8;">{{ blog.author }}</span> <span class="pub" style="color: #6aa84e">{{ blog.pub }}</span> </div> <div class="summary"> {{ blog.content | truncatechars:100 }} </div> </div> {% endfor %} </body> </html>
blog_details.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>{{ blog.title }}</title> <style type="text/css"> .blog{ padding: 20px 0px; } .blog .info span{ padding-right: 10px; } .blog .summary{ padding-top: 20px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"> <span><a href="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}">{{ blog.title }}</a> </span> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="blog"> <div class="title"> <a href="#"><h2>{{ blog.title }}</h2></a> </div> <div class="info"> <span class="category" style="color:#ff9900 ;">{{ blog.category.name }}</span> <span class="author" style="color: #4a86e8">{{ blog.author }}</span> <span class="pub" style="color: #6aa84f">{{ blog.pub }}</span> </div> <div class="summary"> {{ blog.content }} </div> <div class="comment"> <div class="comment-diaplay" style="padding-top: 20px;"> <h3>评论</h3> {% for comment in comments %} <div class="comment-field" style="padding-top: 10px;"> {{ comment.name }}说:{{ comment.content }} </div> {% endfor %} </div> <div class="comment-post" style="padding-top: 20px ;"> <h3>提交评论</h3> <form action="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div class="input-field" style="padding-top: 10px;"> {{ field.label }}:{{ field }} </div> <div class="error" style="color: red;"> {{ field.errors }} </div> {% endfor %} <button type="submit" style="margin-top:10px ">提交</button> <input type="button" value="返回"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
运行python manage.py runserver;输入网址:http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/,得到网页内容: