一般来说著名的linux系统基本上分两大类：
1.RedHat系列：Redhat、Centos、Fedora等
2.Debian系列：Debian、Ubuntu等
RedHat 系列
1 常见的安装包格式 rpm包,安装rpm包的命令是“rpm -参数”
2 包管理工具 yum
3 支持tar包
Debian系列
1 常见的安装包格式 deb包,安装deb包的命令是“dpkg -参数”
2 包管理工具 apt-get
3 支持tar包
apt-get更新源
在使用apt-get update的时候，出现如下错误时：
E: Some index files failed to download, they havebeen ignored, or old ones used instead.
可以将目录下/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/所有的文件清掉，再次运行apt-get update即可！
1、复制原文件备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/source.list/etc/apt/source.list.bak
2、编辑源列表文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list
3、将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容
阿里
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid mainrestricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-security main restricted universemultiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted universemultiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-proposed main restricted universemultiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricted universemultiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted universemultiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-security main restricteduniverse multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricteduniverse multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-proposed main restricteduniverse multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricteduniverse multiverse
网易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted
4、运行sudo apt-get update
5、运行sudo apt-get upgrade
yum更新源
1、复制原文件备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存
