Linux数据库12C安装
1、查看防火墙状态：
service iptable status
service iptables stop
2、关闭selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
修改：SELINUX=disabled
3、安装依赖
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc+±33 compat-libstdc+±33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc+±devel libstdc+±devel.i686 libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat
4、创建运行oracle数据库的用户组和系统用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
passwd oracle
5、修改内核参数，vi /etc/sysctl.conf，添加：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4098955264
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
sysctl -p
6、修改用户限制:
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
7、修改环境变量:
vi /etc/profile
if [ "$USER" = "oracle" ]; then
if [ "$SHELL" = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536a
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
source /etc/profile
8、创建安装及数据目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/oraInventory
mkdir -p /usr/local/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/oracle
9、切换用户，修改配置文件
（最好直接设置到/etc/pro…中）（全局）
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profle
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
source ~/.bash_profle
10、解压安装文件，并修改参数配置
(直接把数据库zip复制到：/usr/local/oracle)
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
cp -R database/response /usr/local/oracle/
cd /usr/local/oracle/response/
vi db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=JLwg!2016
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=JLwg!2016
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
11、安装数据库
cd /usr/local/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /usr/local/oracle/response/db_install.rsp
等待安装完毕
12、切换root用户执行以下脚本
./usr/local/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
./usr/local/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
13、启动监听
su - oracle
source ~/.bash_profle
netca /silent /responsefile /usr/local/oracle/response/netca.rsp
ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora
lsnrctl start
14、创建静默库(下面的ZHS16GBK之前是：AL32UTF8)
vi /usr/local/oracle/dbca.rsp
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
templateName=/usr/local/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
sysPassword=1qazQAZ1
pdbAdminPassword=1qazQAZ1
systemPassword=1qazQAZ1
createAsContainerDatabase=true
totalMemory=2054
automaticMemoryManagement=false
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /usr/local/oracle/dbca.rsp -ignorePreReqs
15、使用root运行暂时关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
service iptables stop
16、修改数据库配置文件：
vi /usr/local/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION=8
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
17、oracle12_C重启服务（后续维护各种重启）
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup;
exit;
lsnrctl start;
lsnrctl status;查看启动状态
基于原博客修正：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43315211/article/details/90256603
