一、编写脚本，支持让用户自主选择使用mysqldump还是xtraback全量备份
[root@centos7 ~]# cat backup_mysql.sh #!/bin/bash BACKUP_DIR=/data/backup USER=root PASSWD=root [ -d $BACKUP_DIR ] || mkdir $BACKUP_DIR while true;do cat <<EOF Please input a number to choice you back up tool: 1.mysqldump 2.xtrabackup 3.quit EOF read -p "Your choose: " choose case "$choose" in 1) mysqldump -u$USER -p$PASSWD -A -F -E -R --single-transaction --master-data=1 --flush-privileges --triggers --default-character-set=utf8 --hex-blob > $BACKUP_DIR/fullbak_$(date +%F_%T).sql ;; 2) innobackupex --user=$USER --password=$PASSWD $BACKUP_DIR ;; 3) echo "Bye!" && exit 2 ;; *) echo "Choose Error !" && exit 3 ;; esac done
二、配置Mysql主从同步
主机：两台，一台当主服务器master(192.168.27.27)，一台当从服务器(192.168.27.37)
数据库：mariadb-server 5.5.60（光盘yum源安装）
1、两台主机都安装好mariadb-server数据库
[root@master ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server [root@slave ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server
2、配置主服务器master的配置文件 /etc/my.cnf，在 [mysqld] 下添加两项 server_id=1 和 log-bin
[mysqld] server_id=1 log-bin ...以下省略
3、主服务器master启动数据库服务，并创建用于同步的账号，之后将主服务器master的数据进行备份，并转到从服务器slave上
[root@master ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@master ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.27.%' identified by 'centos'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> exit Bye [root@master ~]# mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=1 > all.sql [root@master ~]# ll all.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515262 Feb 19 05:05 all.sql [root@master ~]# scp all.sql 192.168.27.37:/root/
4、在从服务器slave上修改其配置文件 /etc/my.cnf，在 [mysqld] 下添加两项 server_id=2 和 read-only，之后启动数据库服务
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=2 read-only ...以下省略 [root@slave ~]# systemctl start mariadb
5、修改改主服务器master传给从服务器slave的备份文件all.sql中 CHANGE MASTER TO... 这部分内容后，还原数据，之后启动复制线程
[root@slave ~]# vim all.sql -- -- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from -- #原内容为 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=245; #修改为以下 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.27.27', MASTER_USER=repluser, MASTER_PASSWORD='centos', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=245; [root@slave ~]# mysql < all.sql [root@slave ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
6、测试同步是否正常，在主服务器上新建一个库，看是否能同步到从服务器
MariaDB [(none)]> create database db1; #主库新建一个db1的库 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) #在从服务器上可以看到同步成功了 MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、使用MHA实现Mysql高可用
主机：4台，一台MHA Manager (192.168.27.7)，三台主从复制架构(一主多从)，master (192.168.27.17)，slave1 (192.168.27.27)，slave2 (192.168.27.37)
系统：CentOS7.6
数据库：mariadb-server-5.5.60（光盘yum源）
MHA软件包：mha4mysql-manager-0.56，mha4mysql-node-0.56
1、三台主从节点主点先安装mariadb数据库
[root@master ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server [root@slave1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server [root@slave2 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server
2、准备MHA软件包，MHA Manager 节点需要 mha4mysql-manager 和 mha4mysql-node，其它三个节点只需要 mha4mysql-node
[root@MHAServer ~]# ll mha4mysql* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87119 Dec 9 10:14 mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36326 Dec 9 10:14 mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@master ~]# ll mha4mysql* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36326 Dec 9 10:14 mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@slave1 ~]# ll mha4mysql* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36326 Dec 9 10:14 mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@slave2 ~]# ll mha4mysql* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36326 Dec 9 10:14 mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
3、安装MHA软件包，MHA Manager 节安装 mha4mysql-manager 时需要依赖 epel 源，这里使用阿里云的epel源
[root@MHAServer ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo [development] name=dvdbase repo baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [aliyunEpel] name=aliyun epel baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever [root@MHAServer ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql* [root@master ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@slave1 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@slave2 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
4、配置数据库的主从架构，一主多从
(1)、master节点
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=1 log-bin skip_name_resolve=1 ...以下省略 [root@master ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@master ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +--------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +--------------------+-----------+ | mariadb-bin.000001 | 245 | +--------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.27.%' identified by 'centos'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to mhauser@'192.168.27.%' identified by 'mhauser'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(2)、slave节点，两台节点的配置基本一样（server-id记得修改成不同的值），以slave1(192.168.214.27)为例
[root@slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=2 log-bin read-only relay_log_purge=0 skip_name_resolve=1 ...以下省略 [root@slave1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@slave1 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.27.17', -> MASTER_USER='repluser', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos', -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000001', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=245; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
5、配置 MHA Manager 主机和其它三台主机的基于key验证的ssh服务
[root@MHAServer ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:KpRQdsCGWlwJfdqlWDzqH7auMTO+OWxBX8m7Hh3rA/8 [email protected] The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | ..*=+. | | +o=.= . | | o.. B = . | |. .=.o + | | oo. .S.. | | .o +.o. o | | .*+.o.+o | | .+Bo .oo | | .==... .oE | +----[SHA256]-----+ [root@MHAServer ~]# ssh-copy-id /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.27.7 [root@MHAServer ~]# scp -r .ssh root@192.168.27.17:/root/ [root@MHAServer ~]# scp -r .ssh root@192.168.27.27:/root/ [root@MHAServer ~]# scp -r .ssh root@192.168.27.37:/root/
6、配置MHA Manager节点的配置文件
[root@MHAServer ~]# mkdir /etc/mha/ [root@MHAServer ~]# vim /etc/mha/mha.cnf [server default] user=mhauser password=mhauser manager_workdir=/data/mastermha/ manager_log=/data/mastermha/manager.log remote_workdir=/data/mastermha/ ssh_user=root repl_user=repluser repl_password=centos ping_interval=1 [server1] hostname=192.168.27.17 candidate_master=1 [server2] hostname=192.168.27.27 candidate_master=1 [server3] hostname=192.168.27.37
7、验证与启动
[root@MHAServer ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/mha.cnf #验证ssh [root@MHAServer ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/mha.cnf #验证主从复制 [root@MHAServer ~]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha.cnf #启动
8、测试当mater节点断开时，主从的切换
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop mariadb #关闭主节点服务 [root@slave1 ~]# mysql #在slave1上查看 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 21 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; #查询为空，说明slave1节点已提升为主节点 Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like 'read_only'; #slave1节点的read-only选项也关闭了 +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | read_only | OFF | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) [root@slave2 ~]# mysql #在slave1上查看 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 23 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.27.27 #主节点变为了slave1 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 531 Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes