001_LNMP 环境搭建

LNMP 环境搭建（Linux Nginx MariaDB PHP）

安装顺序:MariaDB -->PHP-->Nginx

1. MariaDB安装

官方下载网站：https://downloads.mariadb.org/

1.1 安装环境准备

#### 安装依赖库
yum -y install libaio-devel libaio
#### 查询自带数据库
rpm -qa |grep mariadb
#### 卸载自带MariaDB
yum -y remove mariadb*

1.2 获取MariaDB

#### 下载MariaDB
wget http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.8/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

#### 解压
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.8-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
#### 创建存储路径、账户等
mv mariadb-10.2.8-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb
cd /usr/local/mariadb
mkdir -p /data/mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

1.3 初始化MariaDB

./scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mariadb

1.4 拷贝配置文件、服务

cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 !$
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
定义：
basedir=/usr/local/mariadb
datadir=/data/mysql

1.5 启动MariaDB、加入启动项

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

检查是否有正常启动ps aux |grep mysql

1.6 添加到系统环境变量

vi /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mariadb/bin:$PATH   # 加入到系统环境变量中
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

2. PHP 安装

官网：http://www.php.net/

2.1 获取PHP

下载：wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.31.tar.gz

解压：tar -zxvf php-5.6.31.tar.gz

2.2 安装环境准备

安装依赖库等

yum -y install gcc make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel openssl openssl-devel

yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

yum源没有libmcrypt-devel这个包,只能借助epel的yum源,所以先安装epel，再安装libmcrypt

创建用户：useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

2.2 编译安装

cd php-5.6.31

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
--enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm \
--with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt \
--enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif \
--disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl \
--enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring \
--enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local \
--with-gettext --with-openssl

make && make install

2.3 配置文件

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

填入以下内容

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

2.4 启动PHP

#### 拷贝启动脚本
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#### 设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#### 设置开机启动
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on
#### 启动PHP服务
service php-fpm start

查看服务是否正常启动：ps aux |grep php-fpm

3. Nginx 安装

3.1 获取Nginx

下载：wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

3.2 编译安装

cd nginx-1.6.3

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre

make && make install

3.3 启动脚本

#### 创建启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#### 设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
    stop
    start
}
configtest()
{
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

3.4 配置文件

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/;mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

vim nginx.conf

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
    ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    server_tokens  off;   # 关闭web nginx版本号
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
    application/xml;
    server
    {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;
        location ~ \.php$
        {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; #这里需要注意，有的PHP安装后并未启动sock文件；启用的是127.0.0.1:9000端口；
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
        }
    }
}

检查配置文件是否正确：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

3.5 设置开机启动：

chkconfig --add nginx

chkconfig nginx on

启动nginx：
/etc/init.d/nginx start

查看80端口是否工作：
netstat -lntp |grep 80