mbedtls how to en/decrypt with aes ecb,cbc,ctr,cfb,ofb,xts

If you want to know the basic knowledge of ECB/CBC/CTR/PCBC/CFB/OFB, you can check the below wiki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation

The source code path of how to use ecb/cbc/ctr/cfb/ofb/xts as below show:
mbedtls/library/aes.c

This is the self test of aes, if you want to use the below aes cipher type to handler you data, you can refer to the following code.

#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
/*
 * Checkup routine
 */
int mbedtls_aes_self_test( int verbose )
{
    int ret = 0, i, j, u, mode;
    unsigned int keybits;
    unsigned char key[32];
    unsigned char buf[64];
    const unsigned char *aes_tests;
#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC) || defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CFB)
    unsigned char iv[16];
#endif
#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC)
    unsigned char prv[16];
#endif
#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR) || defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CFB) || \
    defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_OFB)
    size_t offset;
#endif
#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR) || defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_XTS)
    int len;
#endif
#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR)
    unsigned char nonce_counter[16];
    unsigned char stream_block[16];
#endif
    mbedtls_aes_context ctx;

    memset( key, 0, 32 );
    mbedtls_aes_init( &ctx );

    /*
     * ECB mode
     */
    for( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
    {
        u = i >> 1;
        keybits = 128 + u * 64;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-ECB-%3d (%s): ", keybits,
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memset( buf, 0, 16 );

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_dec( &ctx, key, keybits );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ecb_dec[u];
        }
        else
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc( &ctx, key, keybits );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ecb_enc[u];
        }

        /*
         * AES-192 is an optional feature that may be unavailable when
         * there is an alternative underlying implementation i.e. when
         * MBEDTLS_AES_ALT is defined.
         */
        if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_PLATFORM_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED && keybits == 192 )
        {
            mbedtls_printf( "skipped\n" );
            continue;
        }
        else if( ret != 0 )
        {
            goto exit;
        }

        for( j = 0; j < 10000; j++ )
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_ecb( &ctx, mode, buf, buf );
            if( ret != 0 )
                goto exit;
        }

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, 16 ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );

#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC)
    /*
     * CBC mode
     */
    for( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
    {
        u = i >> 1;
        keybits = 128 + u * 64;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-CBC-%3d (%s): ", keybits,
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memset( iv , 0, 16 );
        memset( prv, 0, 16 );
        memset( buf, 0, 16 );

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_dec( &ctx, key, keybits );
            aes_tests = aes_test_cbc_dec[u];
        }
        else
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc( &ctx, key, keybits );
            aes_tests = aes_test_cbc_enc[u];
        }

        /*
         * AES-192 is an optional feature that may be unavailable when
         * there is an alternative underlying implementation i.e. when
         * MBEDTLS_AES_ALT is defined.
         */
        if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_PLATFORM_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED && keybits == 192 )
        {
            mbedtls_printf( "skipped\n" );
            continue;
        }
        else if( ret != 0 )
        {
            goto exit;
        }

        for( j = 0; j < 10000; j++ )
        {
            if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT )
            {
                unsigned char tmp[16];

                memcpy( tmp, prv, 16 );
                memcpy( prv, buf, 16 );
                memcpy( buf, tmp, 16 );
            }

            ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_cbc( &ctx, mode, 16, iv, buf, buf );
            if( ret != 0 )
                goto exit;

        }

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, 16 ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );
#endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC */

#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CFB)
    /*
     * CFB128 mode
     */
    for( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
    {
        u = i >> 1;
        keybits = 128 + u * 64;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-CFB128-%3d (%s): ", keybits,
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memcpy( iv,  aes_test_cfb128_iv, 16 );
        memcpy( key, aes_test_cfb128_key[u], keybits / 8 );

        offset = 0;
        ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc( &ctx, key, keybits );
        /*
         * AES-192 is an optional feature that may be unavailable when
         * there is an alternative underlying implementation i.e. when
         * MBEDTLS_AES_ALT is defined.
         */
        if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_PLATFORM_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED && keybits == 192 )
        {
            mbedtls_printf( "skipped\n" );
            continue;
        }
        else if( ret != 0 )
        {
            goto exit;
        }

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_cfb128_ct[u], 64 );
            aes_tests = aes_test_cfb128_pt;
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_cfb128_pt, 64 );
            aes_tests = aes_test_cfb128_ct[u];
        }

        ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_cfb128( &ctx, mode, 64, &offset, iv, buf, buf );
        if( ret != 0 )
            goto exit;

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, 64 ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );
#endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CFB */

#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_OFB)
    /*
     * OFB mode
     */
    for( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
    {
        u = i >> 1;
        keybits = 128 + u * 64;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-OFB-%3d (%s): ", keybits,
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memcpy( iv,  aes_test_ofb_iv, 16 );
        memcpy( key, aes_test_ofb_key[u], keybits / 8 );

        offset = 0;
        ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc( &ctx, key, keybits );
        /*
         * AES-192 is an optional feature that may be unavailable when
         * there is an alternative underlying implementation i.e. when
         * MBEDTLS_AES_ALT is defined.
         */
        if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_PLATFORM_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED && keybits == 192 )
        {
            mbedtls_printf( "skipped\n" );
            continue;
        }
        else if( ret != 0 )
        {
            goto exit;
        }

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_ofb_ct[u], 64 );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ofb_pt;
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_ofb_pt, 64 );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ofb_ct[u];
        }

        ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_ofb( &ctx, 64, &offset, iv, buf, buf );
        if( ret != 0 )
            goto exit;

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, 64 ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );
#endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_OFB */

#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR)
    /*
     * CTR mode
     */
    for( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
    {
        u = i >> 1;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-CTR-128 (%s): ",
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memcpy( nonce_counter, aes_test_ctr_nonce_counter[u], 16 );
        memcpy( key, aes_test_ctr_key[u], 16 );

        offset = 0;
        if( ( ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc( &ctx, key, 128 ) ) != 0 )
            goto exit;

        len = aes_test_ctr_len[u];

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_ctr_ct[u], len );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ctr_pt[u];
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_ctr_pt[u], len );
            aes_tests = aes_test_ctr_ct[u];
        }

        ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_ctr( &ctx, len, &offset, nonce_counter,
                                     stream_block, buf, buf );
        if( ret != 0 )
            goto exit;

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, len ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );
#endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR */

#if defined(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_XTS)
    {
    static const int num_tests =
        sizeof(aes_test_xts_key) / sizeof(*aes_test_xts_key);
    mbedtls_aes_xts_context ctx_xts;

    /*
     * XTS mode
     */
    mbedtls_aes_xts_init( &ctx_xts );

    for( i = 0; i < num_tests << 1; i++ )
    {
        const unsigned char *data_unit;
        u = i >> 1;
        mode = i & 1;

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "  AES-XTS-128 (%s): ",
                            ( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT ) ? "dec" : "enc" );

        memset( key, 0, sizeof( key ) );
        memcpy( key, aes_test_xts_key[u], 32 );
        data_unit = aes_test_xts_data_unit[u];

        len = sizeof( *aes_test_xts_ct32 );

        if( mode == MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT )
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_xts_setkey_dec( &ctx_xts, key, 256 );
            if( ret != 0)
                goto exit;
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_xts_ct32[u], len );
            aes_tests = aes_test_xts_pt32[u];
        }
        else
        {
            ret = mbedtls_aes_xts_setkey_enc( &ctx_xts, key, 256 );
            if( ret != 0)
                goto exit;
            memcpy( buf, aes_test_xts_pt32[u], len );
            aes_tests = aes_test_xts_ct32[u];
        }


        ret = mbedtls_aes_crypt_xts( &ctx_xts, mode, len, data_unit,
                                     buf, buf );
        if( ret != 0 )
            goto exit;

        if( memcmp( buf, aes_tests, len ) != 0 )
        {
            ret = 1;
            goto exit;
        }

        if( verbose != 0 )
            mbedtls_printf( "passed\n" );
    }

    if( verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "\n" );

    mbedtls_aes_xts_free( &ctx_xts );
    }
#endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_XTS */

    ret = 0;

exit:
    if( ret != 0 && verbose != 0 )
        mbedtls_printf( "failed\n" );

    mbedtls_aes_free( &ctx );

    return( ret );
}

#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */