Python中List的复制(直接复制、浅拷贝、深拷贝)

直接赋值:

如果用 = 直接赋值,是非拷贝方法。

这两个列表是等价的,修改其中任何一个列表都会影响到另一个列表。

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = []
for i in range(len(old)):
    new.append(old[i])

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3

'''
-----------------------
Before:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After:
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
-----------------------
'''

 

浅拷贝:

1.copy()方法

对于List来说,其第一层,是实现了深拷贝,但对于其内嵌套的List,仍然是浅拷贝。

因为嵌套的List保存的是地址,复制过去的时候是把地址复制过去了,嵌套的List在内存中指向的还是同一个。

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = old.copy()

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] =3

'''
---------------------
Before:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After:
[1, [3, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
---------------------
'''

 

2.使用列表生成式

使用列表生成式产生新列表也是一个浅拷贝方法,只对第一层实现深拷贝

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = [i for i in old]

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3

'''
----------------------
Before
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After
[1, [3, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
----------------------
'''

 

3.for循环遍历

通过for循环遍历,将元素一个个添加到新列表中。这也是一个浅拷贝方法,只对第一层实现深拷贝。

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = []
for i in range(len(old)):
    new.append(old[i])

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3

'''
-----------------------
Before:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After:
[1, [3, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
-----------------------
'''

 

4.使用切片

通过使用 [ : ] 切片,可以浅拷贝整个列表,同样的,只对第一层实现深拷贝。

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = old[:]

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3

'''
------------------
Before:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After:
[1, [3, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
------------------
'''

深拷贝:

如果用deepcopy()方法,则无论多少层,无论怎样的形式,得到的新列表都是和原来无关的,这是最安全最清爽最有效的方法。

需要import copy

import copy
old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = copy.deepcopy(old)

new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3

'''
-----------------------
Before:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After:
[1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
[3, [3, 2, 3], 3]
-----------------------
'''
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