tomcat部署实践
tomcat简介
Tomcat 是由 Apache 开发的一个 Servlet 容器，用来生成动态页面的。主要用来跑Java程序的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，
Tomcat和Nginx、Apache(httpd)、lighttpd等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Nginx/Apache服务器。
JDK是整个JAVA的核心，包括了JAVA运行环境，JAVA工具和基础类库等 (跑任何java程序或软件，都需要先安装jdk)
tomcat安装
准备好安装包
[root@tomcat opt]# tar xf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ --解压安装jdk
[root@tomcat opt]# ls /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/ --有目录文件确认是解压成功
[root@tomcat opt]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.0.20.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ --解压安装tomcat
[root@tomcat local]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.27 /usr/local/tomcat 定义tomcat的环境变量
定义在单个tomcat的启动和关闭程序里
# vim /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
# vim /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
--这两个脚本里的最前面(但要在 #!/bin/bash 下在)加上下面一段
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export CLASS_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tool.jar
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/bin:/usr/local/tomcat/bin注意授权，统一权限
[root@tomcat local]# chown root:root /usr/local/jdk/ -R检查tomcat是否安装成功
[root@tomcat local]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/version.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.0.20
Server built: Feb 15 2015 18:10:42 UTC
Server number: 8.0.20.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_45-b14
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporationtomcat重要的目录介绍
[root@tomcat ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@tomcat tomcat]# ll
总用量 112
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 bin - Tomcat 脚本存放目录（如启动、关闭脚本）。
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 2015 conf - Tomcat 配置文件目录。
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 lib - web应用调用的jar包存放路径
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56977 2月 16 2015 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 2015 logs - Tomcat 默认日志目录。
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1397 2月 16 2015 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6781 2月 16 2015 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16204 2月 16 2015 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 temp
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2月 16 2015 webapps - web程序存放目录。
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 2015 work
[root@tomcat tomcat]# ll conf/
总用量 208
-rw------- 1 root root 12374 2月 16 2015 catalina.policy
-rw------- 1 root root 7074 2月 16 2015 catalina.properties
-rw------- 1 root root 1577 2月 16 2015 context.xml
-rw------- 1 root root 3387 2月 16 2015 logging.properties
-rw------- 1 root root 6458 2月 16 2015 server.xml --tomcat 主配置文件
-rw------- 1 root root 1744 2月 16 2015 tomcat-users.xml
-rw------- 1 root root 1846 2月 16 2015 tomcat-users.xsd --tomcat 管理用户配置文件
-rw------- 1 root root 163548 2月 16 2015 web.xml
[root@tomcat tomcat]# cd webapps/
[root@tomcat webapps]# ll
总用量 20
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 docs --帮助文档
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 examples --web应用实例
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 host-manager
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 manager
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 5月 12 12:25 ROOT --默认网站根目录tomcat管理命令
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh --启动命令
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat tomcat]# lsof -i:8080 --tomcat默认监听的端口是8080端口
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
java 1651 root 49u IPv6 12410 0t0 TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
[root@tomcat tomcat]# netstat -nltup|grep java --tomcat的进程名是Java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 1709/java
tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 1709/java
tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 1709/java
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh --关闭命令
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
可以加到rc.local里做成开机自动启动
[root@tomcat tomcat]# echo /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh >> /etc/rc.local在浏览器上进行访问 http://10.0.0.14:8080/ (tomcat的主机IP加8080端口)
查看主配置文件
[root@tomcat conf]# vim server.xml
注意： <!-- --> 这符号里的是注（下面是我截下来去掉了注释）
1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
22 <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> --默认是8005端口监听来自本机的关闭口令
23 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
28 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
30 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
31 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
32 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
37 <GlobalNamingResources>
41 <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
42 type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
43 description="User database that can be updated and saved"
44 factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
45 pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
46 </GlobalNamingResources>
53 <Service name="Catalina">
69 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" --监听的默认端口和协议
70 connectionTimeout="20000" --超时时间（毫秒）
71 redirectPort="8443" />
91 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> --AJP协议的监听端口（用不到注释掉就好）
103 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> --指定域名
114 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
119 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
120 resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
121 </Realm>
123 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" --配置虚拟主机名和指定站点目录
124 unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> --自动解压war包和自动加载（false不启用）
135 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
136 prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
137 pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> --配置日志相关的
139 </Host>
140 </Engine>
141 </Service>
142 </Server>tomcat多实例
[root@tomcat local]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat local]# cp -a apache-tomcat-8.0.20 tomcat1 --多一个配置文件就多一个实例
[root@tomcat local]# cp -a apache-tomcat-8.0.20 tomcat2
[root@tomcat local]# vim tomcat1/conf/server.xml --修改配置文件下面几处
22 <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> --修改监听关闭口令的端口
69 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" --修改每个实例监听不同的端口
91 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> --最好注释掉以免端口冲突被占用
sed命令修改端口的方法：
[root@tomcat local]# sed -i 's#8005#8011#;s#8080#8081#' tomcat1/conf/server.xml
[root@tomcat local]# sed -i 's#8005#8012#;s#8080#8082#' tomcat2/conf/server.xml
web站点部署
就是直接将程序目录放在webapps目录下面
或
将程序打包成war包，然后上传到webapps目录下面。
启动服务：
[root@tomcat local]# /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat1/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat local]# /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat2/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat local]# netstat -nltup|grep java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 1644/java tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 1644/java tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8011 :::* LISTEN 2133/java tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8012 :::* LISTEN 2159/java tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 1644/java tcp 0 0 :::8081 :::* LISTEN 2133/java tcp 0 0 :::8082 :::* LISTEN 2159/java